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      "text": "Copyright \u00a9 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.",
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      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Red Hat JBoss Core Services Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62 Service Pack 1 is now available.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
        "title": "Topic"
      },
      {
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        "text": "Red Hat JBoss Core Services is a set of supplementary software for Red Hat JBoss middleware products. This software, such as Apache HTTP Server, is common to multiple JBoss middleware products and packaged under Red Hat JBoss Core Services, to allow for faster distribution of updates and for a more consistent update experience.\n\nThis release of Red Hat JBoss Core Services Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62 Service Pack 1 serves as a replacement for Red Hat JBoss Core Services Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62, and includes bug fixes and enhancements, which are documented in the Release Notes linked to in the References section.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2024-8176)\n* httpd: HTTP Session Hijack via a TLS upgrade [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-49812)\n* httpd: access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-23048)\n* httpd: insufficient escaping of user-supplied data in mod_ssl [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2024-47252)\n* httpd: untrusted input from a client causes an assertion to fail in the Apache mod_proxy_http2 module [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-49630)\n* libxml2: Out-of-Bounds Read in libxml2 [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-32414)\n* libxml2: Out-of-bounds Read in xmlSchemaIDCFillNodeTables [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-32415)\n* jbcs-httpd24-mod_security: ModSecurity Has Possible DoS Vulnerability [jbcs-httpd-2.4] (CVE-2025-47947)\n\nA Red Hat Security Bulletin which addresses further details about this flaw is available in the References section.\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
        "title": "Details"
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      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
        "title": "Terms of Use"
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        "url": "https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_jboss_core_services/2.4.62/html/red_hat_jboss_core_services_apache_http_server_2.4.62_service_pack_1_release_notes/index"
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        "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2025/rhsa-2025_13681.json"
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    "title": "Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Core Services Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62 SP1 security update",
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  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
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        {
          "names": [
            "Jann Horn"
          ],
          "organization": "Google Project Zero"
        },
        {
          "names": [
            "Tomas Korbar",
            "Sandipan Roy"
          ],
          "organization": "Red Hat",
          "summary": "This issue was discovered by Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "names": [
            "Sebastian Pipping"
          ],
          "organization": "libexpat"
        }
      ],
      "cve": "CVE-2024-8176",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-674",
        "name": "Uncontrolled Recursion"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2024-06-12T00:00:00+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2310137"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "All supported Red Hat offerings are built with the compilation flag (-fstack-clash-protection) which reduces the impact to Moderate. This build configuration blocks the possibility of an attacker gaining arbitrary code execution even if a stack-clash vulnerability, like this one, could be exploited.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate because Red Hat builds use the `-fstack-clash-protection` compiler flag, which mitigates the risk of arbitrary code execution from stack overflows. While the flaw allows a crash via uncontrolled recursion in XML parsing, the hardened stack layout prevents reliable memory corruption, limiting the impact to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-8176"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2310137",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2310137"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8176",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8176"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8176",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8176"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/893",
          "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/893"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/973",
          "url": "https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/973"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-03-13T13:51:54.957000+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        },
        {
          "category": "workaround",
          "details": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
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            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-47252",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-117",
        "name": "Improper Output Neutralization for Logs"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-06-24T12:37:22.090000+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2374571"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A vulnerability was found in the Apache HTTP Server. Insufficient escaping of user-supplied data in mod_ssl allows an untrusted SSL/TLS client to insert escape characters into log files in some configurations. In a logging configuration where CustomLog is used with \\\"%{varname}x\\\" or  \\\"%{varname}c\\\" to log variables provided by mod_ssl such as SSL_TLS_SNI, no escaping is performed by either mod_log_config or mod_ssl and unsanitized data provided by the client may appear in log files.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "httpd: insufficient escaping of user-supplied data in mod_ssl",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "The issue rated as a Moderate vulnerability rather than an Important one because its impact is confined to log integrity without affecting the core security properties of the Apache HTTP Server such as confidentiality, availability, or direct system integrity. The flaw only occurs in non-default logging configurations where administrators explicitly use CustomLog directives with %{varname}x or %{varname}c to log mod_ssl variables like SSL_TLS_SNI, which limits the exposure. While an attacker-controlled TLS client can inject escape or control characters into the logs, potentially leading to log injection or misleading log entries, this does not allow execution of arbitrary code or compromise of the server itself. Furthermore, successful exploitation requires the attacker to craft specific TLS-level parameters, and there are no direct security consequences unless the logs are processed by downstream systems that are themselves vulnerable.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
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        ]
      },
      "references": [
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          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-47252"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2374571",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2374571"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47252",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-47252"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47252",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47252"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html",
          "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-07-14T07:17:04.371000+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        },
        {
          "category": "workaround",
          "details": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u2019s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "httpd: insufficient escaping of user-supplied data in mod_ssl"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23048",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-284",
        "name": "Improper Access Control"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-06-24T12:39:03.897000+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2374576"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "An access control bypass vulnerability was found in Apache httpd. The Apache HTTP Server with some mod_ssl configurations can bypass the access controls by trusted clients using TLS 1.3 session resumption. A client trusted to access one virtual host may be able to access another if SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck is not enabled on either host.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "httpd: mod_ssl: access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "Configurations are affected when mod_ssl is configured for multiple virtual hosts, with each restricted to a different set of trusted client certificates. For example, with a different SSLCACertificateFile/Path setting.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate rather than Important due to the specific and uncommon configuration prerequisites needed for exploitation. The flaw allows a trusted client\u2014one already holding valid client certificates for one virtual host\u2014to potentially bypass access controls and access another virtual host by leveraging TLS 1.3 session resumption, only if the SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck directive is not enabled on either host. This bypass is not a general remote access issue, nor does it allow an unauthenticated or untrusted attacker to gain access. Furthermore, affected systems are those with complex, multi-tenant SSL client auth setups, which are relatively rare.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-23048"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2374576",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2374576"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23048",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23048"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23048",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23048"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html",
          "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-07-14T07:19:43.612000+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        },
        {
          "category": "workaround",
          "details": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u2019s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "httpd: mod_ssl: access control bypass by trusted clients is possible using TLS 1.3 session resumption"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-32414",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-393",
        "name": "Return of Wrong Status Code"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-04-08T04:00:51.284113+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2358121"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in libxml2. This vulnerability allows out-of-bounds memory access due to incorrect handling of return values in xmlPythonFileRead and xmlPythonFileReadRaw. This is caused by a mismatch between the length of the file in bytes vs the length in characters, as unicode characters can occupy up to 4 bytes per character.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libxml2: Out-of-Bounds Read in libxml2",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This bug affects parsing of text streams using:\n- the Python bindings (pending deprecation: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/891)\n- the libxml2 SAX driver drv_libxml2,\n- the XML Reader API\n\nParsing of binary streams is not affected by this vulnerability.\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the libxml2 package the bug arises because of a mismatch between characters vs. bytes handling: functions xmlPythonFileRead and xmlPythonFileReadRaw may compute a length incorrectly (mistaking character count for byte count), but for a successful exploitation of this bug requires local access, on top of that the path to exploitation is non trivial, where handling of python binding\u0027s and specific input handling of bytes and characters are required which makes this outside the scope of an attacker and increases the attack complexity, for these reasons this has been marked as moderate by Red Hat.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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      "product_status": {
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      "references": [
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          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32414"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2358121",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2358121"
        },
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32414",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32414"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32414",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32414"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/889",
          "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/889"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-04-08T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
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        },
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          "product_ids": [
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        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
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            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 5.6,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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            "version": "3.1"
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        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "libxml2: Out-of-Bounds Read in libxml2"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-32415",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-125",
        "name": "Out-of-bounds Read"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-04-17T18:00:46.954384+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2360768"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the libxml2 library. A heap-based underflow can be triggered when a crafted XML document is validated against an XML schema with certain identity constraints or when a crafted XML schema is used, causing a crash to the application linked to the library and resulting in a denial of service.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libxml2: Out-of-bounds Read in xmlSchemaIDCFillNodeTables",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "To exploit this issue, an attacker needs to be able to process a specially crafted XML file with the application linked to the libxml2 library. Additionally, the only security impact of this vulnerability is a denial of service.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32415"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2360768",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2360768"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32415",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32415"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32415",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32415"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/890",
          "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/issues/890"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-04-17T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        },
        {
          "category": "workaround",
          "details": "Do not process untrusted files with the libxml2 library.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "libxml2: Out-of-bounds Read in xmlSchemaIDCFillNodeTables"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-47947",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-1050",
        "name": "Excessive Platform Resource Consumption within a Loop"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-05-21T23:01:10.881787+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2367903"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A flaw was found in the mod_security2 Apache2 module. Versions up to and including 2.9.8 are vulnerable to denial of service in one special case. In stable released versions, when the payload\u0027s content type is `application/json`, at least one rule performs a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action, a security control that automatically cleans or neutralizes specific patterns of potentially harmful data that prevents malicious input from reaching systems or sensitive information from leaking.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "modsecurity: ModSecurity Has Possible DoS Vulnerability",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-47947"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2367903",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2367903"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47947",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47947"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47947",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47947"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/pull/3389",
          "url": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/pull/3389"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-859r-vvv8-rm8r",
          "url": "https://github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-859r-vvv8-rm8r"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-05-21T22:08:31.982000+00:00",
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
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          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Important"
        }
      ],
      "title": "modsecurity: ModSecurity Has Possible DoS Vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-49630",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-617",
        "name": "Reachable Assertion"
      },
      "discovery_date": "2025-06-24T12:39:07.584000+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2374578"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "An assertion failure flaw was found in Apache httpd. Untrusted clients can send inputs that trigger an assertion failure in the mod_proxy_http2 module, which likely results in an Apache HTTP server crash or denial of service (DoS).",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "httpd: mod_proxy_http2: untrusted input from a client causes an assertion to fail in the Apache mod_proxy_http2 module",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "The vulnerability only affects Appache httpd if a reverse proxy is configured for an HTTP/2 backend, with the ProxyPreserveHost set to \\\"on\\\".\n\nThis vulnerability is rated as Moderate because it requires a highly specific and non-default configuration to be exploitable\u2014namely, an Apache HTTP Server acting as a reverse proxy with an HTTP/2 backend and ProxyPreserveHost set to \"on\". The flaw results in an assertion failure in the mod_proxy_http2 module when handling specially crafted inputs from untrusted clients. While this can lead to a denial of service via server crash, the impact is limited to availability, with no risk of remote code execution or data leakage. Additionally, the condition is recoverable through a simple restart, and there is no persistent state corruption.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
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          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49630"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2374578",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2374578"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49630",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49630"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49630",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49630"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html",
          "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
        }
      ],
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      "remediations": [
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ],
          "restart_required": {
            "category": "none"
          },
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:13681"
        },
        {
          "category": "workaround",
          "details": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u2019s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "httpd: mod_proxy_http2: untrusted input from a client causes an assertion to fail in the Apache mod_proxy_http2 module"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-49812",
      "discovery_date": "2025-06-24T12:39:08.994000+00:00",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2374580"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "An HTTP session hijacking flaw was found in Apache httpd. In some mod_ssl configurations on Apache HTTP Server, an HTTP desynchronization attack allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to hijack an HTTP session via a TLS upgrade.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "httpd: HTTP Session Hijack via a TLS upgrade",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "Only configurations using the \\\"SSLEngine optional\\\" to enable TLS upgrades are affected.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate rather than Important primarily due to the narrow scope of affected configurations and preconditions required for exploitation. Specifically, it only impacts Apache HTTP Server setups where SSLEngine optional is used\u2014a rarely employed configuration that permits opportunistic TLS upgrades (also known as STARTTLS-style negotiation). For an attacker to successfully exploit this flaw, a man-in-the-middle (MitM) position is required, and the server must be using this optional TLS upgrade setup, which is uncommon and discouraged in modern secure deployments. The vulnerability arises due to HTTP desynchronization, allowing the attacker to potentially hijack sessions during the upgrade process.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49812"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2374580",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2374580"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49812",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49812"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49812",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49812"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html",
          "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-07-14T07:24:13.282000+00:00",
      "remediations": [
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-08-14T13:51:01+00:00",
          "details": "Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.\n\nThe References section of this erratum contains a download link. You must be logged in to download the update.",
          "product_ids": [
            "Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP1"
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        },
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          "details": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u2019s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.",
          "product_ids": [
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
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          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "httpd: HTTP Session Hijack via a TLS upgrade"
    }
  ]
}

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      "text": "Important"
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    "distribution": {
      "text": "Copyright \u00a9 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.",
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        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
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    "lang": "en",
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      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "An update for expat is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
        "title": "Topic"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Expat is a C library for parsing XML documents.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat (CVE-2024-8176)\n\n* expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing (CVE-2025-59375)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
        "title": "Details"
      },
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        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
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          "text": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
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          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
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        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "All supported Red Hat offerings are built with the compilation flag (-fstack-clash-protection) which reduces the impact to Moderate. This build configuration blocks the possibility of an attacker gaining arbitrary code execution even if a stack-clash vulnerability, like this one, could be exploited.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate because Red Hat builds use the `-fstack-clash-protection` compiler flag, which mitigates the risk of arbitrary code execution from stack overflows. While the flaw allows a crash via uncontrolled recursion in XML parsing, the hardened stack layout prevents reliable memory corruption, limiting the impact to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
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          "title": "Vulnerability description"
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          "category": "summary",
          "text": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This issue is Important rather than Critical because, while it allows for significant resource exhaustion leading to denial-of-service (DoS), it does not enable arbitrary code execution, data leakage, or privilege escalation. The vulnerability stems from an uncontrolled memory amplification behavior in libexpat\u2019s parser, where a relatively small XML payload can cause disproportionately large heap allocations. However, the flaw is limited in scope to service disruption and requires the attacker to submit a crafted XML document\u2014something that can be mitigated with proper input validation and memory usage limits. Therefore, while the exploitability is high, the impact is confined to availability, not confidentiality or integrity, making it a high-severity but not critical flaw.\n\nIn Firefox and Thunderbird, where libexpat is a transitive userspace dependency, exploitation usually just crashes the application (app-level DoS), so it is classified as Moderate instead of Important.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
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      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2395108",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2395108"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-09-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-11-25T08:03:54+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258",
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      "threats": [
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      ],
      "title": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "document": {
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      "text": "Important"
    },
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Copyright \u00a9 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "An update for expat is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
        "title": "Topic"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Expat is a C library for parsing XML documents.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat (CVE-2024-8176)\n\n* expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing (CVE-2025-59375)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.",
        "title": "Details"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
        "title": "Terms of Use"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
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          "text": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
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          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat",
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          "text": "All supported Red Hat offerings are built with the compilation flag (-fstack-clash-protection) which reduces the impact to Moderate. This build configuration blocks the possibility of an attacker gaining arbitrary code execution even if a stack-clash vulnerability, like this one, could be exploited.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate because Red Hat builds use the `-fstack-clash-protection` compiler flag, which mitigates the risk of arbitrary code execution from stack overflows. While the flaw allows a crash via uncontrolled recursion in XML parsing, the hardened stack layout prevents reliable memory corruption, limiting the impact to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
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          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
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        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2395108"
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      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A memory amplification vulnerability in libexpat allows attackers to trigger excessive dynamic memory allocations by submitting specially crafted XML input. A small input (~250 KiB) can cause the parser to allocate hundreds of megabytes, leading to denial-of-service (DoS) through memory exhaustion.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This issue is Important rather than Critical because, while it allows for significant resource exhaustion leading to denial-of-service (DoS), it does not enable arbitrary code execution, data leakage, or privilege escalation. The vulnerability stems from an uncontrolled memory amplification behavior in libexpat\u2019s parser, where a relatively small XML payload can cause disproportionately large heap allocations. However, the flaw is limited in scope to service disruption and requires the attacker to submit a crafted XML document\u2014something that can be mitigated with proper input validation and memory usage limits. Therefore, while the exploitability is high, the impact is confined to availability, not confidentiality or integrity, making it a high-severity but not critical flaw.\n\nIn Firefox and Thunderbird, where libexpat is a transitive userspace dependency, exploitation usually just crashes the application (app-level DoS), so it is classified as Moderate instead of Important.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2395108",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2395108"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375"
        }
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      "release_date": "2025-09-15T00:00:00+00:00",
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-11-25T07:36:20+00:00",
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      "title": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing"
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        "text": "An update for expat is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
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        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
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          "text": "1000109"
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          "category": "description",
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          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
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          "category": "summary",
          "text": "expat: internal entity expansion",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
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          "summary": "Canonical URL",
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          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0340",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0340"
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      "release_date": "2013-02-19T00:00:00+00:00",
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          "date": "2025-11-25T07:17:39+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258",
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          "title": "Vulnerability description"
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          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
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          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
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          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-52425"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2262877",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2262877"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52425",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52425"
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        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52425",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52425"
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      "release_date": "2024-02-04T00:00:00+00:00",
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        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "libexpat: expat: Improper Restriction of XML Entity Expansion Depth in libexpat",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "All supported Red Hat offerings are built with the compilation flag (-fstack-clash-protection) which reduces the impact to Moderate. This build configuration blocks the possibility of an attacker gaining arbitrary code execution even if a stack-clash vulnerability, like this one, could be exploited.\n\nThis vulnerability is rated Moderate because Red Hat builds use the `-fstack-clash-protection` compiler flag, which mitigates the risk of arbitrary code execution from stack overflows. While the flaw allows a crash via uncontrolled recursion in XML parsing, the hardened stack layout prevents reliable memory corruption, limiting the impact to a Denial of Service (DoS) scenario.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
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          "category": "external",
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        {
          "system_name": "Red Hat Bugzilla ID",
          "text": "2395108"
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      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A memory amplification vulnerability in libexpat allows attackers to trigger excessive dynamic memory allocations by submitting specially crafted XML input. A small input (~250 KiB) can cause the parser to allocate hundreds of megabytes, leading to denial-of-service (DoS) through memory exhaustion.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing",
          "title": "Vulnerability summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "This issue is Important rather than Critical because, while it allows for significant resource exhaustion leading to denial-of-service (DoS), it does not enable arbitrary code execution, data leakage, or privilege escalation. The vulnerability stems from an uncontrolled memory amplification behavior in libexpat\u2019s parser, where a relatively small XML payload can cause disproportionately large heap allocations. However, the flaw is limited in scope to service disruption and requires the attacker to submit a crafted XML document\u2014something that can be mitigated with proper input validation and memory usage limits. Therefore, while the exploitability is high, the impact is confined to availability, not confidentiality or integrity, making it a high-severity but not critical flaw.\n\nIn Firefox and Thunderbird, where libexpat is a transitive userspace dependency, exploitation usually just crashes the application (app-level DoS), so it is classified as Moderate instead of Important.",
          "title": "Statement"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2395108",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2395108"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375"
        }
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      "release_date": "2025-09-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "date": "2025-11-25T07:17:39+00:00",
          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258",
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            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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        "text": "An update for expat is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service.\n\nRed Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.",
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        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
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          "organization": "Google Project Zero"
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          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product\u0027s status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
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          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "RHBZ#2395108",
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          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59375"
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        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59375"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-22/#CVE-2025-59375"
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375",
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-24/#CVE-2025-59375"
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      "release_date": "2025-09-15T00:00:00+00:00",
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          "details": "For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to:\n\nhttps://access.redhat.com/articles/11258",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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      "title": "firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing"
    }
  ]
}