CVE-2024-49861 (GCVE-0-2024-49861)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-21 12:27 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps
Lonial found an issue that despite user- and BPF-side frozen BPF map
(like in case of .rodata), it was still possible to write into it from
a BPF program side through specific helpers having ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT}
as arguments.
In check_func_arg() when the argument is as mentioned, the meta->raw_mode
is never set. Later, check_helper_mem_access(), under the case of
PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE as register base type, it assumes BPF_READ for the
subsequent call to check_map_access_type() and given the BPF map is
read-only it succeeds.
The helpers really need to be annotated as ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} | MEM_UNINIT
when results are written into them as opposed to read out of them. The
latter indicates that it's okay to pass a pointer to uninitialized memory
as the memory is written to anyway.
However, ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} is a special case of ARG_PTR_TO_FIXED_SIZE_MEM
just with additional alignment requirement. So it is better to just get
rid of the ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} special cases altogether and reuse the
fixed size memory types. For this, add MEM_ALIGNED to additionally ensure
alignment given these helpers write directly into the args via *<ptr> = val.
The .arg*_size has been initialized reflecting the actual sizeof(*<ptr>).
MEM_ALIGNED can only be used in combination with MEM_FIXED_SIZE annotated
argument types, since in !MEM_FIXED_SIZE cases the verifier does not know
the buffer size a priori and therefore cannot blindly write *<ptr> = val.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-21 12:55 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f , < 988e55abcf7fdb8fc9a76a7cf3f4e939a4d4fb3a
(git)
Affected: 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f , < a2c8dc7e21803257e762b0bf067fd13e9c995da0 (git) Affected: 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f , < 2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23c (git) Affected: 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f , < 1e75d25133158b525e0456876e9bcfd6b2993fd5 (git) Affected: 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f , < 32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48b (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.2
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.2 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.120 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.54 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.10.13 , ≤ 6.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.11.2 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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For this, add MEM_ALIGNED to additionally ensure\\nalignment given these helpers write directly into the args via *\u003cptr\u003e = val.\\nThe .arg*_size has been initialized reflecting the actual sizeof(*\u003cptr\u003e).\\n\\nMEM_ALIGNED can only be used in combination with MEM_FIXED_SIZE annotated\\nargument types, since in !MEM_FIXED_SIZE cases the verifier does not know\\nthe buffer size a priori and therefore cannot blindly write *\u003cptr\u003e = val.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Arregla las escrituras del ayudante en mapas de solo lectura Lonial encontr\u00f3 un problema que a pesar del mapa BPF congelado del lado del usuario y del BPF (como en el caso de .rodata), a\u00fan era posible escribir en \u00e9l desde el lado del programa BPF a trav\u00e9s de ayudantes espec\u00edficos que tienen ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} como argumentos. En check_func_arg() cuando el argumento es como se menciona, el meta-\u0026gt;raw_mode nunca se establece. M\u00e1s tarde, check_helper_mem_access(), bajo el caso de PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE como tipo base de registro, asume BPF_READ para la llamada posterior a check_map_access_type() y dado que el mapa BPF es de solo lectura, tiene \u00e9xito. Los ayudantes realmente necesitan ser anotados como ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} | MEM_UNINIT cuando los resultados se escriben en ellos en lugar de leerse de ellos. Este \u00faltimo indica que est\u00e1 bien pasar un puntero a la memoria no inicializada, ya que la memoria se escribe de todos modos. Sin embargo, ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} es un caso especial de ARG_PTR_TO_FIXED_SIZE_MEM solo que con un requisito de alineaci\u00f3n adicional. Por lo tanto, es mejor deshacerse de los casos especiales ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} por completo y reutilizar los tipos de memoria de tama\u00f1o fijo. Para esto, agregue MEM_ALIGNED para garantizar adicionalmente la alineaci\u00f3n dado que estos ayudantes escriben directamente en los argumentos a trav\u00e9s de * = val. El .arg*_size se ha inicializado reflejando el tama\u00f1o real de (*). MEM_ALIGNED solo se puede usar en combinaci\u00f3n con los tipos de argumentos anotados MEM_FIXED_SIZE, ya que en los casos !MEM_FIXED_SIZE el verificador no conoce el tama\u00f1o del b\u00fafer a priori y, por lo tanto, no puede escribir ciegamente * = 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"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-04T22:41:16+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2024-49861",
"id": "CVE-2024-49861",
"initial_release_date": "2024-10-21T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "305",
"product_status:known_affected": "76",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-49861.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
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Later, check_helper_mem_access(), under the case of\\nPTR_TO_MAP_VALUE as register base type, it assumes BPF_READ for the\\nsubsequent call to check_map_access_type() and given the BPF map is\\nread-only it succeeds.\\n\\nThe helpers really need to be annotated as ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} | MEM_UNINIT\\nwhen results are written into them as opposed to read out of them. The\\nlatter indicates that it\u0027s okay to pass a pointer to uninitialized memory\\nas the memory is written to anyway.\\n\\nHowever, ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} is a special case of ARG_PTR_TO_FIXED_SIZE_MEM\\njust with additional alignment requirement. So it is better to just get\\nrid of the ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} special cases altogether and reuse the\\nfixed size memory types. For this, add MEM_ALIGNED to additionally ensure\\nalignment given these helpers write directly into the args via *\u003cptr\u003e = val.\\nThe .arg*_size has been initialized reflecting the actual sizeof(*\u003cptr\u003e).\\n\\nMEM_ALIGNED can only be used in combination with MEM_FIXED_SIZE annotated\\nargument types, since in !MEM_FIXED_SIZE cases the verifier does not know\\nthe buffer size a priori and therefore cannot blindly write *\u003cptr\u003e = val.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.120\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.2\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.54\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.2\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.10.13\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.2\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.11.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.2\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.2\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T20:40:38.986Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-49861\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-11T20:40:38.986Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-10-21T12:17:06.017Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-10-21T12:27:19.321Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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