CVE-2023-53331 (GCVE-0-2023-53331)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 16:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pstore/ram: Check start of empty przs during init
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
pstore/ram: Check start of empty przs during init
After commit 30696378f68a ("pstore/ram: Do not treat empty buffers as
valid"), initialization would assume a prz was valid after seeing that
the buffer_size is zero (regardless of the buffer start position). This
unchecked start value means it could be outside the bounds of the buffer,
leading to future access panics when written to:
sysdump_panic_event+0x3b4/0x5b8
atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x54/0x90
panic+0x1c8/0x42c
die+0x29c/0x2a8
die_kernel_fault+0x68/0x78
__do_kernel_fault+0x1c4/0x1e0
do_bad_area+0x40/0x100
do_translation_fault+0x68/0x80
do_mem_abort+0x68/0xf8
el1_da+0x1c/0xc0
__raw_writeb+0x38/0x174
__memcpy_toio+0x40/0xac
persistent_ram_update+0x44/0x12c
persistent_ram_write+0x1a8/0x1b8
ramoops_pstore_write+0x198/0x1e8
pstore_console_write+0x94/0xe0
...
To avoid this, also check if the prz start is 0 during the initialization
phase. If not, the next prz sanity check case will discover it (start >
size) and zap the buffer back to a sane state.
[kees: update commit log with backtrace and clarifications]
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 18:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
e1e3a46706bd4037e8b7407dc660ae6e05b8ac56 , < 89312657337e6e03ad6e9ea1a462bd9c158c85c8
(git)
Affected: 265242d82a3c6a8bd9120d06b4801f8d7ae9a346 , < c807ccdd812d18985860504b503899f3140a9549 (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < e972231db29b5d1dccc13bf9d5ba55b6979a69ed (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < dc2f60de9a7d3efd982440117dab5579898d808c (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < fedecaeef88899d940b69368c996e8b3b0b8650d (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < e95d7a8a6edd14f8fab44c777dd7281db91f6ae2 (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < f77990358628b01bdc03752126ff5f716ea37615 (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < 25fb4e3402d46f425ec135ef6f09792a4c1b3003 (git) Affected: 30696378f68a9e3dad6bfe55938b112e72af00c2 , < fe8c3623ab06603eb760444a032d426542212021 (git) Affected: ec7f99261da9a20d63cbd273511a11a2efe698f2 (git) Affected: f250e4c562a3bd106575032666e9ef46f31231f8 (git) Affected: fffdbf586866e9500b53c9d4b061d3983720375a (git) Affected: 9e969ba431b46b1891c88cea36f722f3bfe8a180 (git) Affected: 4.14.96 , < 4.14.326 (semver) Affected: 4.19.18 , < 4.19.295 (semver) Affected: 3.18.133 , < 3.19 (semver) Affected: 4.4.172 , < 4.5 (semver) Affected: 4.9.153 , < 4.10 (semver) Affected: 4.20.5 , < 4.21 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver) Unaffected: 4.14.326 , ≤ 4.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 4.19.295 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.257 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.195 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.132 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.53 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.4.16 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.5.3 , ≤ 6.5.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npstore/ram: Check start of empty przs during init\n\nAfter commit 30696378f68a (\"pstore/ram: Do not treat empty buffers as\nvalid\"), initialization would assume a prz was valid after seeing that\nthe buffer_size is zero (regardless of the buffer start position). This\nunchecked start value means it could be outside the bounds of the buffer,\nleading to future access panics when written to:\n\n sysdump_panic_event+0x3b4/0x5b8\n atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x54/0x90\n panic+0x1c8/0x42c\n die+0x29c/0x2a8\n die_kernel_fault+0x68/0x78\n __do_kernel_fault+0x1c4/0x1e0\n do_bad_area+0x40/0x100\n do_translation_fault+0x68/0x80\n do_mem_abort+0x68/0xf8\n el1_da+0x1c/0xc0\n __raw_writeb+0x38/0x174\n __memcpy_toio+0x40/0xac\n persistent_ram_update+0x44/0x12c\n persistent_ram_write+0x1a8/0x1b8\n ramoops_pstore_write+0x198/0x1e8\n pstore_console_write+0x94/0xe0\n ...\n\nTo avoid this, also check if the prz start is 0 during the initialization\nphase. If not, the next prz sanity check case will discover it (start \u003e\nsize) and zap the buffer back to a sane state.\n\n[kees: update commit log with backtrace and clarifications]"
}
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is confined to local pstore/ramoops initialization and subsequent local writes (pstore console, `/dev/pmsg0` via `persistent_ram_write_user`, or other ramoops backends); there is no network or adjacent-radio entry point into `fs/pstore/ram_core.c`.\nAC:L - Once an empty-but-invalid prz header (valid sig, size 0, non-zero start) is present in persistent RAM\u2014observed in the field and retained across soft reboot on common Android/embedded ramoops deployments\u2014the next write deterministically performs an out-of-bounds update with no race or ASLR dependency; scored Low under the uncertainty/highest-severity rule.\nPR:L - In the highest-impact realistic deployment (Android/ChromeOS-style ramoops with pmsg enabled), an unprivileged local actor can trigger the write through `/dev/pmsg0` (kernel default 0220, often further relaxed on Android) or rely on automatic pstore console writes after boot, without needing real init-namespace root.\nUI:N - No victim action is required: after a vulnerable boot accept of the bad empty buffer, the kernel itself writes via the pstore console on printk/panic, or the attacker writes `/dev/pmsg0` directly.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write corrupts addresses within the kernel\u2019s own ramoops mapping/security domain and does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other separate authority boundary.\nC:H - This is an out-of-bounds write through `persistent_ram_update`/`_user` into memory past the logical buffer; per kernel scoring guidance such memory corruption is treated as enabling high confidentiality impact (information disclosure primitives), matching CWE-787 assessment of this CVE.\nI:H - The bug issues a attacker-influenced (pmsg) or kernel-sourced (console) out-of-bounds store via `memcpy_toio`/`copy_from_user` at a corrupted start offset, which is integrity-high memory corruption that can overwrite adjacent mapped persistent-RAM contents and is scored as exploitable for control-flow impact under the OOB-write rule.\nA:H - The demonstrated consequence is a kernel translation fault/oops during the out-of-bounds write (see the fix backtrace through `persistent_ram_write` \u2192 `__memcpy_toio`), which is a full availability loss."
}
]
}
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npstore/ram: Check start of empty przs during init\n\nAfter commit 30696378f68a (\"pstore/ram: Do not treat empty buffers as\nvalid\"), initialization would assume a prz was valid after seeing that\nthe buffer_size is zero (regardless of the buffer start position). This\nunchecked start value means it could be outside the bounds of the buffer,\nleading to future access panics when written to:\n\n sysdump_panic_event+0x3b4/0x5b8\n atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x54/0x90\n panic+0x1c8/0x42c\n die+0x29c/0x2a8\n die_kernel_fault+0x68/0x78\n __do_kernel_fault+0x1c4/0x1e0\n do_bad_area+0x40/0x100\n do_translation_fault+0x68/0x80\n do_mem_abort+0x68/0xf8\n el1_da+0x1c/0xc0\n __raw_writeb+0x38/0x174\n __memcpy_toio+0x40/0xac\n persistent_ram_update+0x44/0x12c\n persistent_ram_write+0x1a8/0x1b8\n ramoops_pstore_write+0x198/0x1e8\n pstore_console_write+0x94/0xe0\n ...\n\nTo avoid this, also check if the prz start is 0 during the initialization\nphase. If not, the next prz sanity check case will discover it (start \u003e\nsize) and zap the buffer back to a sane state.\n\n[kees: update commit log with backtrace and clarifications]"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-16T16:12:06.788Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89312657337e6e03ad6e9ea1a462bd9c158c85c8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c807ccdd812d18985860504b503899f3140a9549"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e972231db29b5d1dccc13bf9d5ba55b6979a69ed"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc2f60de9a7d3efd982440117dab5579898d808c"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fedecaeef88899d940b69368c996e8b3b0b8650d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e95d7a8a6edd14f8fab44c777dd7281db91f6ae2"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f77990358628b01bdc03752126ff5f716ea37615"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/25fb4e3402d46f425ec135ef6f09792a4c1b3003"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe8c3623ab06603eb760444a032d426542212021"
}
],
"title": "pstore/ram: Check start of empty przs during init",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-53331",
"datePublished": "2025-09-16T16:12:06.788Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-16T16:08:59.564Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:32:59.884Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.