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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the tempo package. During chain building, the amount of work that is done is not correctly limited when a large number of intermediate certificates are passed in VerifyOptions. See references for individual vulnerability details.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "CleanStart",
"name": "tempo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.0-r0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [],
"database_specific": {},
"details": "Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the tempo package. During chain building, the amount of work that is done is not correctly limited when a large number of intermediate certificates are passed in VerifyOptions. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-KC83705",
"modified": "2026-04-14T09:04:57Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T00:53:10.163760Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-KC83705.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-22868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-68119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-24051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-28377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2026-34986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-2464-8j7c-4cjm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-78h2-9frx-2jm8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-cfpf-hrx2-8rv6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-f6x5-jh6r-wrfv"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-fv92-fjc5-jj9h"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-j5w8-q4qc-rx2x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/ghsa-p77j-4mvh-x3m3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34986"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "During chain building, the amount of work that is done is not correctly limited when a large number of intermediate certificates are passed in VerifyOptions",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2025-11065",
"CVE-2025-22868",
"CVE-2025-61726",
"CVE-2025-61727",
"CVE-2025-61728",
"CVE-2025-61729",
"CVE-2025-61730",
"CVE-2025-68119",
"CVE-2026-24051",
"CVE-2026-28377",
"CVE-2026-32280",
"CVE-2026-32281",
"CVE-2026-32282",
"CVE-2026-32283",
"CVE-2026-32287",
"CVE-2026-32289",
"CVE-2026-33186",
"CVE-2026-33810",
"CVE-2026-34986",
"ghsa-2464-8j7c-4cjm",
"ghsa-78h2-9frx-2jm8",
"ghsa-cfpf-hrx2-8rv6",
"ghsa-f6x5-jh6r-wrfv",
"ghsa-fv92-fjc5-jj9h",
"ghsa-j5w8-q4qc-rx2x",
"ghsa-p77j-4mvh-x3m3"
]
}
CVE-2025-61726 (GCVE-0-2025-61726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 18:31- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | net/url |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
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"packageName": "net/url",
"product": "net/url",
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "parseQuery"
},
{
"name": "ParseQuery"
},
{
"name": "URL.Query"
}
],
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],
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"value": "jub0bs"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The net/url package does not set a limit on the number of query parameters in a query. While the maximum size of query parameters in URLs is generally limited by the maximum request header size, the net/http.Request.ParseForm method can parse large URL-encoded forms. Parsing a large form containing many unique query parameters can cause excessive memory consumption."
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},
{
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/Vd2tYVM8eUc"
},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4341"
}
],
"title": "Memory exhaustion in query parameter parsing in net/url"
}
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CVE-2025-68119 (GCVE-0-2025-68119)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go toolchain | cmd/go |
Affected:
1.25.0 , < 1.25.6
(semver)
|
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"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"lang": "en",
"value": "splitline (@splitline) from DEVCORE Research Team"
}
],
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}
],
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},
{
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/77099"
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"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/Vd2tYVM8eUc"
},
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"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4338"
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CVE-2026-32287 (GCVE-0-2026-32287)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 19:40 – Updated: 2026-03-30 14:55- CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| github.com/antchfx/xpath | github.com/antchfx/xpath |
Affected:
0 , < 1.3.6
(semver)
|
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"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
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"references": [
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"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://securityinfinity.com/research/infinite-loop-dos-in-antchfx-xpath-logicalquery-select"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "github.com/antchfx/xpath",
"product": "github.com/antchfx/xpath",
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "logicalQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "Expr.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "NodeIterator.MoveNext"
},
{
"name": "ancestorQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "ancestorQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "attributeQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "attributeQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "booleanQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "booleanQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "cachedChildQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "cachedChildQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "childQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "childQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "descendantOverDescendantQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "descendantOverDescendantQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "descendantQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "descendantQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "filterQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "filterQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "followingQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "followingQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "functionQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "groupQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "groupQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "lastFuncQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "logicalQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "mergeQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "mergeQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "numericQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "parentQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "parentQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "precedingQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "precedingQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "selfQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "selfQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "transformFunctionQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "transformFunctionQuery.Select"
},
{
"name": "unionQuery.Evaluate"
},
{
"name": "unionQuery.Select"
}
],
"vendor": "github.com/antchfx/xpath",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "1.3.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Boolean XPath expressions that evaluate to true can cause an infinite loop in logicalQuery.Select, leading to 100% CPU usage. This can be triggered by top-level selectors such as \"1=1\" or \"true()\"."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (\u0027Infinite Loop\u0027)",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
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"references": [
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"url": "https://github.com/antchfx/xpath/issues/121"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/antchfx/xpath/commit/afd4762cc342af56345a3fb4002a59281fcab494"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/golang/vulndb/issues/4526"
},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4526"
}
],
"title": "Infinite loop in github.com/antchfx/xpath"
}
},
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CVE-2026-33186 (GCVE-0-2026-33186)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 22:23 – Updated: 2026-03-24 18:09- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
{
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],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-03-24T18:08:38.989284Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
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CVE-2025-11065 (GCVE-0-2025-11065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 19:36 – Updated: 2026-02-03 19:21- CWE-209 - Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
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|
Affected:
0 , < 2.4.0
(semver)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"title": "Github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2: go-viper\u0027s mapstructure may leak sensitive information in logs in github.com/go-viper/mapstructure",
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CVE-2025-61730 (GCVE-0-2025-61730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-02-02 17:28- CWE-940 - Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/tls |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-32281 (GCVE-0-2026-32281)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-13 18:19- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-32283 (GCVE-0-2026-32283)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-13 18:19- CWE-667 - Improper Locking
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/tls |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-34986 (GCVE-0-2026-34986)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 16:22 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:21- CWE-248 - Uncaught Exception
| URL | Tags | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||
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CVE-2025-61727 (GCVE-0-2025-61727)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-03 19:37 – Updated: 2025-12-03 22:06- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.11
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.5 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-28377 (GCVE-0-2026-28377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 21:39 – Updated: 2026-04-09 13:49- CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
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CVE-2026-24051 (GCVE-0-2026-24051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 19:49 – Updated: 2026-02-03 14:54- CWE-426 - Untrusted Search Path
| URL | Tags | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| open-telemetry | opentelemetry-go |
Affected:
>= 1.21.0, < 1.40.0
|
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CVE-2025-61728 (GCVE-0-2025-61728)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 18:30- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | archive/zip |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-32289 (GCVE-0-2026-32289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-13 18:20- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | html/template |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-61729 (GCVE-0-2025-61729)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 18:54 – Updated: 2025-12-03 19:37- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.11
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.5 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-32280 (GCVE-0-2026-32280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:46- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2 (semver) |
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"cna": {
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}
],
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},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4947"
}
],
"title": "Unexpected work during chain building in crypto/x509"
}
},
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CVE-2026-32282 (GCVE-0-2026-32282)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-13 18:20- CWE-61 - UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | internal/syscall/unix |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2 (semver) |
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"value": "Uuganbayar Lkhamsuren (https://github.com/uug4na)"
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],
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"lang": "en",
"value": "On Linux, if the target of Root.Chmod is replaced with a symlink while the chmod operation is in progress, Chmod can operate on the target of the symlink, even when the target lies outside the root. The Linux fchmodat syscall silently ignores the AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW flag, which Root.Chmod uses to avoid symlink traversal. Root.Chmod checks its target before acting and returns an error if the target is a symlink lying outside the root, so the impact is limited to cases where the target is replaced with a symlink between the check and operation."
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"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/0uYbvbPZRWU"
},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4864"
}
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"title": "TOCTOU permits root escape on Linux via Root.Chmod in os in internal/syscall/unix"
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CVE-2026-33810 (GCVE-0-2026-33810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-13 18:20- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.2
(semver)
|
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"name": "newDNSConstraints"
},
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"name": "dnsConstraints.query"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.Verify"
}
],
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"lang": "en",
"value": "Riyas from Saintgits College of Engineering"
},
{
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"value": "k1rnt"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "@1seal"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "When verifying a certificate chain containing excluded DNS constraints, these constraints are not correctly applied to wildcard DNS SANs which use a different case than the constraint. This only affects validation of otherwise trusted certificate chains, issued by a root CA in the VerifyOptions.Roots CertPool, or in the system certificate pool."
}
],
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"descriptions": [
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},
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"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4866"
}
],
"title": "Case-sensitive excludedSubtrees name constraints cause Auth Bypass in crypto/x509"
}
},
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CVE-2025-22868 (GCVE-0-2025-22868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-26 03:07 – Updated: 2025-02-26 14:46- CWE-1286 - Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/oauth2 | golang.org/x/oauth2/jws |
Affected:
0 , < 0.27.0
(semver)
|
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},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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],
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"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "golang.org/x/oauth2/jws",
"product": "golang.org/x/oauth2/jws",
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"name": "Verify"
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"status": "affected",
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}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "jub0bs"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An attacker can pass a malicious malformed token which causes unexpected memory to be consumed during parsing."
}
],
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"description": "CWE-1286: Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input",
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"url": "https://go.dev/issue/71490"
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GHSA-P77J-4MVH-X3M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 20:10 – Updated: 2026-03-25 18:12Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
It is an Authorization Bypass resulting from Improper Input Validation of the HTTP/2 :path pseudo-header.
The gRPC-Go server was too lenient in its routing logic, accepting requests where the :path omitted the mandatory leading slash (e.g., Service/Method instead of /Service/Method). While the server successfully routed these requests to the correct handler, authorization interceptors (including the official grpc/authz package) evaluated the raw, non-canonical path string. Consequently, "deny" rules defined using canonical paths (starting with /) failed to match the incoming request, allowing it to bypass the policy if a fallback "allow" rule was present.
Who is impacted?
This affects gRPC-Go servers that meet both of the following criteria:
1. They use path-based authorization interceptors, such as the official RBAC implementation in google.golang.org/grpc/authz or custom interceptors relying on info.FullMethod or grpc.Method(ctx).
2. Their security policy contains specific "deny" rules for canonical paths but allows other requests by default (a fallback "allow" rule).
The vulnerability is exploitable by an attacker who can send raw HTTP/2 frames with malformed :path headers directly to the gRPC server.
Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Yes, the issue has been patched. The fix ensures that any request with a :path that does not start with a leading slash is immediately rejected with a codes.Unimplemented error, preventing it from reaching authorization interceptors or handlers with a non-canonical path string.
Users should upgrade to the following versions (or newer): * v1.79.3 * The latest master branch.
It is recommended that all users employing path-based authorization (especially grpc/authz) upgrade as soon as the patch is available in a tagged release.
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
While upgrading is the most secure and recommended path, users can mitigate the vulnerability using one of the following methods:
1. Use a Validating Interceptor (Recommended Mitigation)
Add an "outermost" interceptor to your server that validates the path before any other authorization logic runs:
func pathValidationInterceptor(ctx context.Context, req any, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (any, error) {
if info.FullMethod == "" || info.FullMethod[0] != '/' {
return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "malformed method name")
}
return handler(ctx, req)
}
// Ensure this is the FIRST interceptor in your chain
s := grpc.NewServer(
grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(pathValidationInterceptor, authzInterceptor),
)
2. Infrastructure-Level Normalization
If your gRPC server is behind a reverse proxy or load balancer (such as Envoy, NGINX, or an L7 Cloud Load Balancer), ensure it is configured to enforce strict HTTP/2 compliance for pseudo-headers and reject or normalize requests where the :path header does not start with a leading slash.
3. Policy Hardening
Switch to a "default deny" posture in your authorization policies (explicitly listing all allowed paths and denying everything else) to reduce the risk of bypasses via malformed inputs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "google.golang.org/grpc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.79.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T20:10:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T23:16:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\n\nIt is an **Authorization Bypass** resulting from **Improper Input Validation** of the HTTP/2 `:path` pseudo-header.\n\nThe gRPC-Go server was too lenient in its routing logic, accepting requests where the `:path` omitted the mandatory leading slash (e.g., `Service/Method` instead of `/Service/Method`). While the server successfully routed these requests to the correct handler, authorization interceptors (including the official `grpc/authz` package) evaluated the raw, non-canonical path string. Consequently, \"deny\" rules defined using canonical paths (starting with `/`) failed to match the incoming request, allowing it to bypass the policy if a fallback \"allow\" rule was present.\n\n**Who is impacted?**\nThis affects gRPC-Go servers that meet both of the following criteria:\n1. They use path-based authorization interceptors, such as the official RBAC implementation in `google.golang.org/grpc/authz` or custom interceptors relying on `info.FullMethod` or `grpc.Method(ctx)`.\n2. Their security policy contains specific \"deny\" rules for canonical paths but allows other requests by default (a fallback \"allow\" rule).\n\nThe vulnerability is exploitable by an attacker who can send raw HTTP/2 frames with malformed `:path` headers directly to the gRPC server.\n\n### Patches\n_Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_\n\nYes, the issue has been patched. The fix ensures that any request with a `:path` that does not start with a leading slash is immediately rejected with a `codes.Unimplemented` error, preventing it from reaching authorization interceptors or handlers with a non-canonical path string.\n\nUsers should upgrade to the following versions (or newer):\n* **v1.79.3**\n* The latest **master** branch.\n\nIt is recommended that all users employing path-based authorization (especially `grpc/authz`) upgrade as soon as the patch is available in a tagged release.\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\n\nWhile upgrading is the most secure and recommended path, users can mitigate the vulnerability using one of the following methods:\n\n#### 1. Use a Validating Interceptor (Recommended Mitigation)\nAdd an \"outermost\" interceptor to your server that validates the path before any other authorization logic runs:\n\n```go\nfunc pathValidationInterceptor(ctx context.Context, req any, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (any, error) {\n if info.FullMethod == \"\" || info.FullMethod[0] != \u0027/\u0027 {\n return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, \"malformed method name\")\n } \n return handler(ctx, req)\n}\n\n// Ensure this is the FIRST interceptor in your chain\ns := grpc.NewServer(\n grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(pathValidationInterceptor, authzInterceptor),\n)\n```\n\n#### 2. Infrastructure-Level Normalization\nIf your gRPC server is behind a reverse proxy or load balancer (such as Envoy, NGINX, or an L7 Cloud Load Balancer), ensure it is configured to enforce strict HTTP/2 compliance for pseudo-headers and reject or normalize requests where the `:path` header does not start with a leading slash.\n\n#### 3. Policy Hardening\nSwitch to a \"default deny\" posture in your authorization policies (explicitly listing all allowed paths and denying everything else) to reduce the risk of bypasses via malformed inputs.",
"id": "GHSA-p77j-4mvh-x3m3",
"modified": "2026-03-25T18:12:09Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T20:10:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/security/advisories/GHSA-p77j-4mvh-x3m3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33186"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "gRPC-Go has an authorization bypass via missing leading slash in :path"
}
GHSA-CFPF-HRX2-8RV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 22:34 – Updated: 2025-12-16 22:34Several builtin functions in Expr, including flatten, min, max, mean, and median, perform
recursive traversal over user-provided data structures without enforcing a maximum recursion depth.
If the evaluation environment contains deeply nested or cyclic data structures, these functions may recurse indefinitely until exceed the Go runtime stack limit. This results in a stack overflow panic, causing the host application to crash.
While exploitability depends on whether an attacker can influence or inject cyclic or pathologically deep data into the evaluation environment, this behavior represents a denial-of-service (DoS) risk and affects overall library robustness. Instead of returning a recoverable evaluation error, the process may terminate unexpectedly.
Impact
In affected versions, evaluation of expressions that invoke certain builtin functions on untrusted or insufficiently validated data structures can lead to a process-level crash due to stack exhaustion.
This issue is most relevant in scenarios where:
- Expr is used to evaluate expressions against externally supplied or dynamically constructed environments.
- Cyclic references (directly or indirectly) can be introduced into arrays, maps, or structs.
- There are no application-level safeguards preventing deeply nested input data.
In typical use cases with controlled, acyclic data, the issue may not manifest. However, when present, the resulting panic can be used to reliably crash the application, constituting a denial of service.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in the v1.17.7 versions of Expr.
The patch introduces a maximum recursion depth limit for affected builtin functions. When this limit is exceeded, evaluation aborts gracefully and returns a descriptive error instead of panicking.
Additionally, the maximum depth can be customized by users via builtin.MaxDepth, allowing applications with legitimate
deep structures to raise the limit in a controlled manner.
Users are strongly encouraged to upgrade to the patched release, which includes both the recursion guard and comprehensive test coverage to prevent regressions.
Workarounds
For users who cannot immediately upgrade, the following mitigations are recommended:
- Ensure that evaluation environments cannot contain cyclic references.
- Validate or sanitize externally supplied data structures before passing them to Expr.
- Wrap expression evaluation with panic recovery to prevent a full process crash (as a last-resort defensive measure).
These workarounds reduce risk but do not fully eliminate the issue without the patch.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/expr-lang/expr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-16T22:34:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T19:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Several builtin functions in Expr, including `flatten`, `min`, `max`, `mean`, and `median`, perform\nrecursive traversal over user-provided data structures without enforcing a maximum recursion depth.\n\nIf the evaluation environment contains **deeply nested** or **cyclic** data structures, these functions may recurse\nindefinitely until exceed the Go runtime stack limit. This results in a **stack overflow panic**, causing the host\napplication to crash.\n\nWhile exploitability depends on whether an attacker can influence or inject cyclic or pathologically deep data into the\nevaluation environment, this behavior represents a denial-of-service (DoS) risk and affects overall library robustness.\nInstead of returning a recoverable evaluation error, the process may terminate unexpectedly.\n\n### Impact\n\nIn affected versions, evaluation of expressions that invoke certain builtin functions on untrusted or insufficiently\nvalidated data structures can lead to a **process-level crash** due to stack exhaustion.\n\nThis issue is most relevant in scenarios where:\n\n* Expr is used to evaluate expressions against externally supplied or dynamically constructed environments.\n* Cyclic references (directly or indirectly) can be introduced into arrays, maps, or structs.\n* There are no application-level safeguards preventing deeply nested input data.\n\nIn typical use cases with controlled, acyclic data, the issue may not manifest. However, when present, the resulting\npanic can be used to reliably crash the application, constituting a denial of service.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been fixed in the v1.17.7 versions of Expr.\n\nThe patch introduces a **maximum recursion depth limit** for affected builtin functions. When this limit is exceeded,\nevaluation aborts gracefully and returns a descriptive error instead of panicking.\n\nAdditionally, the maximum depth can be customized by users via `builtin.MaxDepth`, allowing applications with legitimate\ndeep structures to raise the limit in a controlled manner.\n\nUsers are strongly encouraged to upgrade to the patched release, which includes both the recursion guard and\ncomprehensive test coverage to prevent regressions.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor users who cannot immediately upgrade, the following mitigations are recommended:\n\n* Ensure that evaluation environments cannot contain cyclic references.\n* Validate or sanitize externally supplied data structures before passing them to Expr.\n* Wrap expression evaluation with panic recovery to prevent a full process crash (as a last-resort defensive measure).\n\nThese workarounds reduce risk but do not fully eliminate the issue without the patch.",
"id": "GHSA-cfpf-hrx2-8rv6",
"modified": "2025-12-16T22:34:16Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T22:34:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/expr-lang/expr/security/advisories/GHSA-cfpf-hrx2-8rv6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/expr-lang/expr/pull/870"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/expr-lang/expr"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Expr has Denial of Service via Unbounded Recursion in Builtin Functions"
}
GHSA-F6X5-JH6R-WRFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 23:16 – Updated: 2025-11-20 16:35SSH Agent servers do not validate the size of messages when processing new identity requests, which may cause the program to panic if the message is malformed due to an out of bounds read.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "golang.org/x/crypto"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.45.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47914"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-19T23:16:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T21:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SSH Agent servers do not validate the size of messages when processing new identity requests, which may cause the program to panic if the message is malformed due to an out of bounds read.",
"id": "GHSA-f6x5-jh6r-wrfv",
"modified": "2025-11-20T16:35:18Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T23:16:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/721960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/76364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.googlesource.com/crypto"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/w-oX3UxNcZA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4135"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent vulnerable to panic if message is malformed due to out of bounds read"
}
GHSA-78H2-9FRX-2JM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 03:28 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:11Impact
Decrypting a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object will panic if the alg field indicates a key wrapping algorithm (one ending in KW, with the exception of A128GCMKW, A192GCMKW, and A256GCMKW) and the encrypted_key field is empty. The panic happens when cipher.KeyUnwrap() in key_wrap.go attempts to allocate a slice with a zero or negative length based on the length of the encrypted_key.
This code path is reachable from ParseEncrypted() / ParseEncryptedJSON() / ParseEncryptedCompact() followed by Decrypt() on the resulting object. Note that the parse functions take a list of accepted key algorithms. If the accepted key algorithms do not include any key wrapping algorithms, parsing will fail and the application will be unaffected.
This panic is also reachable by calling cipher.KeyUnwrap() directly with any ciphertext parameter less than 16 bytes long, but calling this function directly is less common.
Panics can lead to denial of service.
Fixed In
4.1.4 and v3.0.5
Workarounds
If the list of keyAlgorithms passed to ParseEncrypted() / ParseEncryptedJSON() / ParseEncryptedCompact() does not include key wrapping algorithms (those ending in KW), your application is unaffected.
If your application uses key wrapping, you can prevalidate to the JWE objects to ensure the encrypted_key field is nonempty. If your application accepts JWE Compact Serialization, apply that validation to the corresponding field of that serialization (the data between the first and second .).
Thanks
Thanks to Datadog's Security team for finding this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-jose/go-jose"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34986"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-248"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T03:28:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T17:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nDecrypting a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object will panic if the `alg` field indicates a key wrapping algorithm ([one ending in `KW`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4#pkg-constants), with the exception of `A128GCMKW`, `A192GCMKW`, and `A256GCMKW`) and the `encrypted_key` field is empty. The panic happens when `cipher.KeyUnwrap()` in `key_wrap.go` attempts to allocate a slice with a zero or negative length based on the length of the `encrypted_key`.\n\nThis code path is reachable from `ParseEncrypted()` / `ParseEncryptedJSON()` / `ParseEncryptedCompact()` followed by `Decrypt()` on the resulting object. Note that the parse functions take a list of accepted key algorithms. If the accepted key algorithms do not include any key wrapping algorithms, parsing will fail and the application will be unaffected.\n\nThis panic is also reachable by calling `cipher.KeyUnwrap()` directly with any `ciphertext` parameter less than 16 bytes long, but calling this function directly is less common.\n\nPanics can lead to denial of service.\n\n### Fixed In\n\n4.1.4 and v3.0.5\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf the list of `keyAlgorithms` passed to `ParseEncrypted()` / `ParseEncryptedJSON()` / `ParseEncryptedCompact()` does not include key wrapping algorithms (those ending in `KW`), your application is unaffected.\n\nIf your application uses key wrapping, you can prevalidate to the JWE objects to ensure the `encrypted_key` field is nonempty. If your application accepts JWE Compact Serialization, apply that validation to the corresponding field of that serialization (the data between the first and second `.`).\n\n### Thanks\n\nThanks to Datadog\u0027s Security team for finding this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:11:46Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T03:28:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-jose/go-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34986"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-jose/go-jose"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4#pkg-constants"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Go JOSE Panics in JWE decryption"
}
GHSA-FV92-FJC5-JJ9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 16:24 – Updated: 2025-06-27 16:24Summary
Use of this library in a security-critical context may result in leaking sensitive information, if used to process sensitive fields.
Details
OpenBao (and presumably HashiCorp Vault) have surfaced error messages from mapstructure as follows:
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L43-L50
_, _, err := d.getPrimitive(field, schema)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error converting input for field %q: %w", field, err)
}
where this calls mapstructure.WeakDecode(...): https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L181-L193
func (d *FieldData) getPrimitive(k string, schema *FieldSchema) (interface{}, bool, error) {
raw, ok := d.Raw[k]
if !ok {
return nil, false, nil
}
switch t := schema.Type; t {
case TypeBool:
var result bool
if err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(raw, &result); err != nil {
return nil, false, err
}
return result, true, nil
Notably, WeakDecode(...) eventually calls one of the decode helpers, which surfaces the original value:
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L679-L686
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L726-L730
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L783-L787
& more.
PoC
To reproduce with OpenBao:
$ podman run -p 8300:8300 openbao/openbao:latest server -dev -dev-root-token-id=root -dev-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8300
and in a new tab:
$ BAO_TOKEN=root BAO_ADDR=http://localhost:8300 bao auth enable userpass
Success! Enabled userpass auth method at: userpass/
$ curl -X PUT -H "X-Vault-Request: true" -H "X-Vault-Token: root" -d '{"password":{"asdf":"my-sensitive-value"}}' "http://localhost:8300/v1/auth/userpass/users/adsf"
{"errors":["error converting input for field \"password\": '' expected type 'string', got unconvertible type 'map[string]interface {}', value: 'map[asdf:my-sensitive-value]'"]}
Impact
This is an information disclosure bug with little mitigation. See https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-09-vault-may-expose-sensitive-information-in-error-logs-when-processing-malformed-data-with-the-kv-v2-plugin/74717 for a previous version. That version was fixed, but this is in the second part of that error message (starting at '' expected a map, got 'string' -- when the field type is string and a map is provided, we see the above information leak -- the previous example had a map type field with a string value provided).
This was rated 4.5 Medium by HashiCorp in the past iteration.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-532"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-27T16:24:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nUse of this library in a security-critical context may result in leaking sensitive information, if used to process sensitive fields.\n\n### Details\n\nOpenBao (and presumably HashiCorp Vault) have surfaced error messages from `mapstructure` as follows:\n\nhttps://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L43-L50\n\n```go\n\t\t\t_, _, err := d.getPrimitive(field, schema)\n\t\t\tif err != nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"error converting input for field %q: %w\", field, err)\n\t\t\t}\n```\n\nwhere this calls `mapstructure.WeakDecode(...)`: https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L181-L193\n\n```go\n\nfunc (d *FieldData) getPrimitive(k string, schema *FieldSchema) (interface{}, bool, error) {\n\traw, ok := d.Raw[k]\n\tif !ok {\n\t\treturn nil, false, nil\n\t}\n\n\tswitch t := schema.Type; t {\n\tcase TypeBool:\n\t\tvar result bool\n\t\tif err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(raw, \u0026result); err != nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, false, err\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn result, true, nil\n```\n\nNotably, `WeakDecode(...)` eventually calls one of the decode helpers, which surfaces the original value:\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L679-L686\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L726-L730\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/1a66224d5e54d8757f63bd66339cf764c3292c21/mapstructure.go#L783-L787\n\n\u0026 more.\n\n### PoC\n\nTo reproduce with OpenBao:\n\n```\n$ podman run -p 8300:8300 openbao/openbao:latest server -dev -dev-root-token-id=root -dev-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8300\n```\n\nand in a new tab:\n\n```\n$ BAO_TOKEN=root BAO_ADDR=http://localhost:8300 bao auth enable userpass\nSuccess! Enabled userpass auth method at: userpass/\n$ curl -X PUT -H \"X-Vault-Request: true\" -H \"X-Vault-Token: root\" -d \u0027{\"password\":{\"asdf\":\"my-sensitive-value\"}}\u0027 \"http://localhost:8300/v1/auth/userpass/users/adsf\"\n{\"errors\":[\"error converting input for field \\\"password\\\": \u0027\u0027 expected type \u0027string\u0027, got unconvertible type \u0027map[string]interface {}\u0027, value: \u0027map[asdf:my-sensitive-value]\u0027\"]}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is an information disclosure bug with little mitigation. See https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-09-vault-may-expose-sensitive-information-in-error-logs-when-processing-malformed-data-with-the-kv-v2-plugin/74717 for a previous version. That version was fixed, but this is in the second part of that error message (starting at `\u0027\u0027 expected a map, got \u0027string\u0027` -- when the field type is `string` and a `map` is provided, we see the above information leak -- the previous example had a `map` type field with a `string` value provided).\n\nThis was rated 4.5 Medium by HashiCorp in the past iteration.",
"id": "GHSA-fv92-fjc5-jj9h",
"modified": "2025-06-27T16:24:59Z",
"published": "2025-06-27T16:24:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/security/advisories/GHSA-fv92-fjc5-jj9h"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "mapstructure May Leak Sensitive Information in Logs When Processing Malformed Data"
}
GHSA-J5W8-Q4QC-RX2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 23:01 – Updated: 2025-11-19 23:01SSH servers parsing GSSAPI authentication requests do not validate the number of mechanisms specified in the request, allowing an attacker to cause unbounded memory consumption.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "golang.org/x/crypto"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.45.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-19T23:01:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T21:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SSH servers parsing GSSAPI authentication requests do not validate the number of mechanisms specified in the request, allowing an attacker to cause unbounded memory consumption.",
"id": "GHSA-j5w8-q4qc-rx2x",
"modified": "2025-11-19T23:01:20Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T23:01:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/721961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/76363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/w-oX3UxNcZA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4134"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh allows an attacker to cause unbounded memory consumption"
}
GHSA-2464-8J7C-4CJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 14:37 – Updated: 2026-01-27 21:01Summary
Use of this library in a security-critical context may result in leaking sensitive information, if used to process sensitive fields.
Details
OpenBao (and presumably HashiCorp Vault) have surfaced error messages from mapstructure as follows:
https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L43-L50
_, _, err := d.getPrimitive(field, schema)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error converting input for field %q: %w", field, err)
}
where this calls mapstructure.WeakDecode(...): https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L181-L193
func (d *FieldData) getPrimitive(k string, schema *FieldSchema) (interface{}, bool, error) {
raw, ok := d.Raw[k]
if !ok {
return nil, false, nil
}
switch t := schema.Type; t {
case TypeBool:
var result bool
if err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(raw, &result); err != nil {
return nil, false, err
}
return result, true, nil
Notably, WeakDecode(...) eventually calls one of the decode helpers, which surfaces the original value via strconv helpers:
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/mapstructure.go#L720-L727
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/mapstructure.go#L791-L798
https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/decode_hooks.go#L180
& more. These are different code paths than are fixed in the previous iteration at https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/security/advisories/GHSA-fv92-fjc5-jj9h.
PoC
To reproduce with OpenBao:
$ podman run --pull=always -p 8300:8300 openbao/openbao:latest server -dev -dev-root-token-id=root -dev-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8300
and in a new tab:
$ BAO_TOKEN=root BAO_ADDR=http://localhost:8300 bao auth enable userpass
Success! Enabled userpass auth method at: userpass/
$ curl -X PUT -H "X-Vault-Request: true" -H "X-Vault-Token: root" -d '{"ttl":"asdf"}' "http://localhost:8200/v1/auth/userpass/users/asdf"
--> server logs:
2025-06-25T21:32:25.101-0500 [ERROR] core: failed to run existence check: error="error converting input for field \"ttl\": time: invalid duration \"asdf\""
Impact
This is an information disclosure bug with little mitigation. See https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-09-vault-may-expose-sensitive-information-in-error-logs-when-processing-malformed-data-with-the-kv-v2-plugin/74717 for a previous version. That version was fixed, but this is in the second part of that error message (starting at '' expected a map, got 'string' -- when the field type is string and a map is provided, we see the above information leak -- the previous example had a map type field with a string value provided).
This was rated 4.5 Medium by HashiCorp in the past iteration.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-117"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-21T14:37:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nUse of this library in a security-critical context may result in leaking sensitive information, if used to process sensitive fields.\n\n### Details\n\nOpenBao (and presumably HashiCorp Vault) have surfaced error messages from `mapstructure` as follows:\n\nhttps://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L43-L50\n\n```go\n\t\t\t_, _, err := d.getPrimitive(field, schema)\n\t\t\tif err != nil {\n\t\t\t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"error converting input for field %q: %w\", field, err)\n\t\t\t}\n```\n\nwhere this calls `mapstructure.WeakDecode(...)`: https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/98c3a59c040efca724353ca46ca79bd5cdbab920/sdk/framework/field_data.go#L181-L193\n\n```go\n\nfunc (d *FieldData) getPrimitive(k string, schema *FieldSchema) (interface{}, bool, error) {\n\traw, ok := d.Raw[k]\n\tif !ok {\n\t\treturn nil, false, nil\n\t}\n\n\tswitch t := schema.Type; t {\n\tcase TypeBool:\n\t\tvar result bool\n\t\tif err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(raw, \u0026result); err != nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, false, err\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn result, true, nil\n```\n\nNotably, `WeakDecode(...)` eventually calls one of the decode helpers, which surfaces the original value via `strconv` helpers:\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/mapstructure.go#L720-L727\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/mapstructure.go#L791-L798\n\nhttps://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/blob/8c61ec1924fcfa522f9fc6b4618c672db61d1a38/decode_hooks.go#L180\n\n\u0026 more. These are different code paths than are fixed in the previous iteration at https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/security/advisories/GHSA-fv92-fjc5-jj9h.\n\n### PoC\n\nTo reproduce with OpenBao:\n\n```\n$ podman run --pull=always -p 8300:8300 openbao/openbao:latest server -dev -dev-root-token-id=root -dev-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8300\n```\n\nand in a new tab:\n\n```\n$ BAO_TOKEN=root BAO_ADDR=http://localhost:8300 bao auth enable userpass\nSuccess! Enabled userpass auth method at: userpass/\n$ curl -X PUT -H \"X-Vault-Request: true\" -H \"X-Vault-Token: root\" -d \u0027{\"ttl\":\"asdf\"}\u0027 \"http://localhost:8200/v1/auth/userpass/users/asdf\"\n\n--\u003e server logs:\n\n2025-06-25T21:32:25.101-0500 [ERROR] core: failed to run existence check: error=\"error converting input for field \\\"ttl\\\": time: invalid duration \\\"asdf\\\"\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is an information disclosure bug with little mitigation. See https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-09-vault-may-expose-sensitive-information-in-error-logs-when-processing-malformed-data-with-the-kv-v2-plugin/74717 for a previous version. That version was fixed, but this is in the second part of that error message (starting at `\u0027\u0027 expected a map, got \u0027string\u0027` -- when the field type is `string` and a `map` is provided, we see the above information leak -- the previous example had a `map` type field with a `string` value provided).\n\nThis was rated 4.5 Medium by HashiCorp in the past iteration.",
"id": "GHSA-2464-8j7c-4cjm",
"modified": "2026-01-27T21:01:22Z",
"published": "2025-08-21T14:37:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/security/advisories/GHSA-2464-8j7c-4cjm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/commit/742921c9ba2854d27baa64272487fc5075d2c39c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-11065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2391829"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-viper/mapstructure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3900"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "go-viper\u0027s mapstructure May Leak Sensitive Information in Logs When Processing Malformed Data"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.