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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvxlan: do not arm the ageing timer on a device that is down\n\nvxlan_changelink() arms vxlan-\u003eage_timer whenever the requested ageing\ninterval differs from the configured one:\n\n\tif (conf.age_interval != vxlan-\u003ecfg.age_interval)\n\t\tmod_timer(\u0026vxlan-\u003eage_timer, jiffies);\n\nThere is no netif_running() test, so the timer is armed even on a device\nthat was never brought up.  The only synchronous cancel in the driver is\nthe timer_delete_sync() in vxlan_stop(), which is .ndo_stop.\nnetif_close_many() drops devices without IFF_UP before\n__dev_close_many() runs, so that cancel is skipped for such a device.\n\nvxlan_setup() sets dev-\u003eneeds_free_netdev = true and age_timer is a\nmember of struct vxlan_dev, so free_netdev() releases the allocation the\ntimer lives in while it is still queued on a timer_base.\nexpire_timers() unlinks the entry before it loads timer-\u003efunction, so\nthe timer core writes through the freed object\u0027s list pointers:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __run_timers+0x208/0x654\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff00001adace68 by task true/192\n   __asan_store8+0x84/0xac\n   __run_timers+0x208/0x654\n   run_timer_softirq+0x154/0x18c\n  Allocated by task 189:\n   alloc_netdev_mqs+0x64/0x720\n   rtnl_create_link+0x4ac/0x520\n   rtnl_newlink+0x758/0xd00\n  Freed by task 191:\n   netdev_release+0x40/0x58\n   netdev_run_todo+0x4a4/0x8c0\n   rtnl_dellink+0x200/0x4e8\n\nThe rtnl operations involved are netns-scoped, so an unprivileged user\ncan perform them in a new user and network namespace.\n\nArming the timer on a down device never had an effect: vxlan_cleanup()\nreturns early on !netif_running(), and vxlan_open() arms the timer for\nany non-zero interval once the device is brought up.  Add the missing\ntest.\n\nDiscovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e"
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only via local RTNETLINK on AF_NETLINK: RTM_NEWLINK creates a vxlan netdev, changelink with IFLA_VXLAN_AGEING arms age_timer, and RTM_DELLINK frees it; remote VXLAN encapsulation/packet receive is not involved.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls a deterministic sequence on a never-up device: changelink calls mod_timer(jiffies) and dellink frees netdev while the timer stays queued because netif_close_many skips IFF_UP-less devices so vxlan_stop/timer_delete_sync never runs.\nPR:L - rtnetlink_rcv_msg requires CAP_NET_ADMIN for RTM_NEWLINK, RTM_SETLINK, and RTM_DELLINK; unprivileged local users obtain this capability inside a new user and network namespace (unshare -Urn), as stated in the fix commit.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker alone issues netlink create/changelink/delete operations on their own down vxlan interface without bringing the device up or requiring mounts or file access.\nS:C - Slab UAF corruption triggered from CAP_NET_ADMIN inside an unprivileged user/network namespace affects host kernel timer-list memory outside the namespace sandbox, crossing the container-to-host security boundary.\nC:H - KASAN reports slab-use-after-free with an 8-byte write through freed vxlan_dev-\u003eage_timer list pointers in __run_timers; UAF on kernel timer structures enables arbitrary kernel memory disclosure via slab heap reuse.\nI:H - expire_timers() writes to freed timer_list entry fields before loading the callback, providing controlled slab corruption; UAF on embedded vxlan_dev timers is exploitable for arbitrary kernel writes and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Confirmed KASAN slab-use-after-free in run_timer_softirq can kernel oops/panic; the dangling timer remains armed after rtnl_dellink and the sequence can be repeated for reliable denial of service."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b37971686ec59fb027fa4910ba16805e68fddb97"
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      "title": "vxlan: do not arm the ageing timer on a device that is down",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74615",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:00.588Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.920Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:40:42.219Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxdp: reject clones that overrun skb_shared_info tailroom\n\nxdpf_clone() clones broadcast copies into a single page and sets\nframe_sz to PAGE_SIZE. __xdp_build_skb_from_frame() later treats that\npage like a normal XDP frame and expects the usual skb_shared_info\ntailroom at the end of the buffer.\n\nThe current check only rejects frames whose linear xdp_frame header,\nheadroom, and packet data exceed PAGE_SIZE. A source frame backed by a\nlarger allocation can still satisfy that check while extending into the\nclone\u0027s required shared-info area. When such a clone is converted back\ninto an skb, build_skb_around() places skb_shared_info over live packet\nbytes and later writes can corrupt XDP return metadata.\n\nReject clones unless their linear area fits inside\nSKB_WITH_OVERHEAD(PAGE_SIZE), matching the tailroom requirement already\nenforced by the XDP-to-skb conversion path."
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              "value": "AV:N - Remote packets on an XDP ingress netdev whose program calls bpf_xdp_redirect_map() with BPF_F_BROADCAST reach xdpf_clone() through dev_map_enqueue_multi(); edge L4 load balancers and container fan-out to veth peers are common deployments where cloned frames later hit __xdp_build_skb_from_frame() without any local attacker access.\nAC:L - Once broadcast devmap redirect is deployed, an attacker can reliably craft linear frames whose headroom plus payload fall in the SKB_WITH_OVERHEAD(PAGE_SIZE)..PAGE_SIZE window; no race, timing luck, or uncontrollable memory layout is required and the condition can be retried with each packet.\nPR:N - Loading/attaching the XDP program and populating the devmap requires CAP_BPF and CAP_NET_ADMIN on the host, but an unauthenticated remote sender on the already-configured datapath needs no privileges on the victim system, matching the CNA pattern used for the related devmap broadcast clone issue CVE-2026-64355.\nUI:N - Exploitation is driven entirely by network traffic processed in NAPI/softirq after XDP redirect; no victim mount, file open, or other interactive action is required beyond packets reaching the configured interface.\nS:U - The flaw corrupts skb_shared_info placement and metadata within the host kernel address space during skb construction; it does not inherently cross VM, hypervisor, or IOMMU security boundaries.\nC:H - build_skb_around() places skb_shared_info over live packet bytes and memset initializes it there; subsequent skb/shinfo access can read kernel metadata and adjacent buffer contents beyond intended bounds, constituting exploitable out-of-bounds memory disclosure.\nI:H - Overlapping skb_shared_info tailroom lets kernel writes corrupt packet data and lets attacker-influenced bytes corrupt shinfo fields used by later stack, GRO, and transmit paths, giving an out-of-bounds write primitive over frame metadata.\nA:H - Tailroom overlap during __xdp_build_skb_from_frame() can fault or corrupt state during skb construction and downstream processing, producing kernel oops/panic; an attacker can trigger this repeatedly with crafted packets on the broadcast redirect path."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e48e8edbef2eb824201495daa5234560f632b23c"
        }
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      "title": "xdp: reject clones that overrun skb_shared_info tailroom",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74616",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:01.313Z",
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    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:40:43.432Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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              "value": "AV:N - The leak is triggered in tcf_ct_act() on the packet datapath (netif_receive_skb \u2192 sch_handle_ingress/egress \u2192 tc_run \u2192 tcf_classify); on OVN/Kubernetes/SDN gateways and mlx5-offload nodes with act_ct on clsact, a remote peer sends malformed IP packets with no local access required.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls packet contents; a 54-byte IPv6 frame with nexthdr=0 (hop-by-hop) and no trailing data deterministically makes ipv6_find_hdr() return -EPROTO, leaking one skb per packet without races or uncontrollable layout dependencies.\nPR:N - Installing act_ct requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but triggering the leak on an already-configured internet-facing or tenant-facing gateway needs no target credentials; a remote attacker only sends crafted malformed IP packets, matching CNA precedent for packet-driven act_ct issues (e.g., CVE-2026-72057).\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-generated malformed packets reaching a host with act_ct on clsact/ingress or egress; no victim login, mount, or other interactive action is needed beyond normal network traffic processing.\nS:U - The leaked sk_buff objects remain within the host kernel memory domain; this is not a VM escape, sandbox breakout, or IOMMU boundary bypass, only unbounded kernel heap consumption on the affected node.\nC:N - This is a pure sk_buff ownership leak on an error path; skb memory is orphaned, not exposed to the attacker, with no out-of-bounds read, use-after-free, or other disclosure primitive.\nI:N - The flaw only fails to kfree_skb() when header validation rejects a packet; it does not corrupt, overwrite, or modify any memory contents and provides no write or code-execution primitive.\nA:H - Each malformed packet leaks one sk_buff plus its data buffer (~936 bytes); sustained remote flooding causes unbounded kernel memory exhaustion and OOM denial of service, matching CNA precedent for repeatable network-triggered skb leaks (e.g., CVE-2026-52974)."
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              "lessThan": "d45cc8020d7c0a9f01dee42ff5c40bc14c9af72f",
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              "version": "3c171f496ef57774f8e5d509923372549734877f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/bridge/netfilter/nf_conntrack_bridge.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.3"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.3",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.265",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.216",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.183",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.152",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.104",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.45",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.265",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.216",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.183",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.152",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.104",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.45",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.9",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: bridge: release template ct on non-IP path\n\nA bridge nftables ct zone set rule can attach a conntrack template to\nan skb before nf_ct_bridge_pre() sees it. For non-IPv4 and non-IPv6\nEtherTypes, nf_ct_bridge_pre() currently overwrites skb-\u003e_nfct with\nIP_CT_UNTRACKED without releasing the existing template reference.\n\nThat makes the per-cpu template, and any temporary templates allocated\nfor concurrent use, unreachable and leaks memory until the host runs out\nof slab.\n\nReset the skb conntrack state before marking the frame untracked so the\nexisting template reference is dropped on the non-IP path."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - Non-IP L2 frames (ARP/LLDP) injected into a Linux bridge reach NF_BR_PRE_ROUTING via br_handle_frame\u2192nf_hook_bridge_pre; on overlay/container hosts (VXLAN/GRE bridges in Docker/k8s/OpenStack) remote peers can deliver those frames across routed networks to the victim bridge port.\nAC:L - Once a bridge nftables ct zone set rule runs before NF_IP_PRI_CONNTRACK (-200), every non-IPv4/IPv6 EtherType frame deterministically leaks template references; the attacker controls rule priority, zone value, and can flood ARP/LLDP to accelerate the leak without races.\nPR:N - On bridge firewalls/routers with deployed nftables ct zone marking, exploitation needs only unauthenticated L2 packet delivery\u2014no host UID, capability, or namespace privilege; CAP_NET_ADMIN (obtainable via user namespaces) is an alternate Low path for self-setup but not required on pre-configured appliances.\nUI:N - Bridge netfilter processes received frames automatically in softirq; no victim mount, click, or administrative action is required beyond normal bridge forwarding of attacker-supplied non-IP traffic.\nS:U - Impact is unbounded kernel slab consumption from leaked nf_conn template objects within the host kernel; it does not cross VM, container, IOMMU, or hypervisor security boundaries.\nC:N - The bug is a missing nf_conntrack_put()\u2014a reference-count leak\u2014not a use-after-free, out-of-bounds read, or disclosure primitive; orphaned templates are unreachable and their contents are never returned to the attacker.\nI:N - Only template reference counts are leaked via skb-\u003e_nfct overwrite; no heap corruption, type confusion, or attacker-controlled writes occur, so integrity cannot be compromised beyond availability loss from memory pressure.\nA:H - Each leaked per-CPU and temporary conntrack template is never freed; sustained non-IP frame flooding can exhaust kernel slab until OOM, causing severe host unavailability or panic on memory-allocation failure paths."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:40:48.341Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc90df37540627d092af770215fb4b7befe9409b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daa6e070f8e1e7a4dddec8b64ca37663f8cda917"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd7b16494dacf87e9336a1dcfdada83b9e40edd6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ea88401e10e04e0b3bb7a7adea54932fb60b93b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46d559f00b1ab1d114f92d2f16c5ef0093b3b9dd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c58d34fe8b7e47bb0b350a7625023b1261342be5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cff440d702616022769f2643168d7f9820547a0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d45cc8020d7c0a9f01dee42ff5c40bc14c9af72f"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: bridge: release template ct on non-IP path",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74625",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:07.929Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.921Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T05:40:48.341Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}