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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: Avoid releasing netdev before teardown completes\n\nThe patch cited in the Fixes tag below changed the teardown code for\nOVS ports to no longer unconditionally take the RTNL. After this change,\nthe netdev_destroy() callback can proceed immediately to the call_rcu()\ninvocation if the IFF_OVS_DATAPATH flag is already cleared on the\nnetdev.\n\nThe ovs_netdev_detach_dev() function clears the flag before completing\nthe unregistration, and if it gets preempted after clearing the flag (as\ncan happen on an -rt kernel), netdev_destroy() can complete and the\ndevice can be freed before the unregistration completes. This leads to a\nsplat like:\n\n[  998.393867] Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xff00000001000239: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI\n[  998.393877] CPU: 42 UID: 0 PID: 55177 Comm: ip Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.12.0-211.1.1.el10_2.x86_64+rt #1 PREEMPT_RT\n[  998.393886] Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R740/0JMK61, BIOS 2.24.0 03/27/2025\n[  998.393889] RIP: 0010:dev_set_promiscuity+0x8d/0xa0\n[  998.393901] Code: 00 00 75 d8 48 8b 53 08 48 83 ba b0 02 00 00 00 75 ca 48 83 c4 08 5b c3 cc cc cc cc 48 83 bf 48 09 00 00 00 75 91 48 8b 47 08 \u003c48\u003e 83 b8 b0 02 00 00 00 74 97 eb 81 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 90 90 90\n[  998.393906] RSP: 0018:ffffce5864a5f6a0 EFLAGS: 00010246\n[  998.393912] RAX: ff00000000ffff89 RBX: ffff894d0adf5a05 RCX: 0000000000000000\n[  998.393917] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000ffffffff RDI: ffff894d0adf5a05\n[  998.393921] RBP: ffff894d19252000 R08: ffff894d19252000 R09: 0000000000000000\n[  998.393924] R10: ffff894d19252000 R11: ffff894d192521b8 R12: 0000000000000006\n[  998.393927] R13: ffffce5864a5f738 R14: 00000000ffffffe2 R15: 0000000000000000\n[  998.393931] FS:  00007fad61971800(0000) GS:ffff894cc0140000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[  998.393936] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[  998.393940] CR2: 000055df0a2a6e40 CR3: 000000011c7fe003 CR4: 00000000007726f0\n[  998.393944] PKRU: 55555554\n[  998.393946] Call Trace:\n[  998.393949]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[  998.393952]  ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1b0/0x2f0\n[  998.393961]  ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1b0/0x2f0\n[  998.393975]  ? dp_device_event+0x41/0x80 [openvswitch]\n[  998.394009]  ? __die_body.cold+0x8/0x12\n[  998.394016]  ? die_addr+0x3c/0x60\n[  998.394027]  ? exc_general_protection+0x16d/0x390\n[  998.394042]  ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x26/0x30\n[  998.394058]  ? dev_set_promiscuity+0x8d/0xa0\n[  998.394066]  ? ovs_netdev_detach_dev+0x3a/0x80 [openvswitch]\n[  998.394092]  dp_device_event+0x41/0x80 [openvswitch]\n[  998.394102]  notifier_call_chain+0x5a/0xd0\n[  998.394106]  unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x51b/0xa60\n[  998.394110]  rtnl_dellink+0x169/0x3e0\n[  998.394121]  ? rt_mutex_slowlock.constprop.0+0x95/0xd0\n[  998.394125]  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x142/0x3f0\n[  998.394128]  ? avc_has_perm_noaudit+0x69/0xf0\n[  998.394130]  ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\n[  998.394132]  netlink_rcv_skb+0x50/0x100\n[  998.394138]  netlink_unicast+0x292/0x3f0\n[  998.394141]  netlink_sendmsg+0x21b/0x470\n[  998.394145]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x39d/0x3d0\n[  998.394149]  ___sys_sendmsg+0x9a/0xe0\n[  998.394156]  __sys_sendmsg+0x7a/0xd0\n[  998.394160]  do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x170\n[  998.394162]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n[  998.394165] RIP: 0033:0x7fad61bf4724\n[  998.394188] Code: 89 02 b8 ff ff ff ff eb bb 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d c5 e9 0c 00 00 74 13 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 89\n[  998.394189] RSP: 002b:00007ffd7e2f7cb8 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n[  998.394191] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 00007fad61bf4724\n[  998.394193] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffd7e2f7d20 RDI: 0000000000000003\n[  998.394194] RBP: 00007ffd7e2f7d90 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 000000000000003f\n[  998.394195] R10: 000055df11558010 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007ffd7e2\n---truncated---"
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local netlink/rtnetlink operations that create/delete Open vSwitch vports and delete the underlying netdevice. It is not directly reachable by remote network packets.\nAC:L - The bug is a teardown race, but an attacker with the needed namespace network privileges can control both sides by concurrently deleting the OVS vport/datapath and the attached netdevice. The race is repeatable through local operations, so complexity is low.\nPR:L - The OVS generic netlink commands require CAP_NET_ADMIN via GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM, and rtnetlink deletion requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the socket network namespace. These are reachable with low privileges in deployments allowing unprivileged user and network namespaces.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required once the attacker can issue the local netlink operations. The attacker can create and tear down the OVS/netdevice state directly.\nS:U - The impact is within the local kernel security authority. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-authority boundary change.\nC:H - The flaw can free the vport/net_device before teardown completes, producing a use-after-free on kernel objects. Under the required overestimating rule, this memory corruption is treated as capable of enabling kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same use-after-free can plausibly be exploited with heap reuse/spraying to corrupt kernel state or hijack control flow. Therefore integrity impact is high.\nA:H - The reported failure is a kernel general protection fault during OVS/netdevice teardown. A local attacker can repeatedly trigger the race to crash or destabilize the kernel."
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:10.229Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df3c95be76103604e752131d9495a24814915ece"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c770dadfda5cbbde6aa3c4363ed513f1d212bf8"
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      "title": "net: openvswitch: Avoid releasing netdev before teardown completes",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31508",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:54:26.599Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.106Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:10.229Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: blk-cgroup: fix use-after-free in cgwb_release_workfn()\n\ncgwb_release_workfn() calls css_put(wb-\u003eblkcg_css) and then later accesses\nwb-\u003eblkcg_css again via blkcg_unpin_online().  If css_put() drops the last\nreference, the blkcg can be freed asynchronously (css_free_rwork_fn -\u003e\nblkcg_css_free -\u003e kfree) before blkcg_unpin_online() dereferences the\npointer to access blkcg-\u003eonline_pin, resulting in a use-after-free:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in blkcg_unpin_online (./include/linux/instrumented.h:112 ./include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:400 ./include/linux/refcount.h:389 ./include/linux/refcount.h:432 ./include/linux/refcount.h:450 block/blk-cgroup.c:1367)\n  Write of size 4 at addr ff11000117aa6160 by task kworker/71:1/531\n   Workqueue: cgwb_release cgwb_release_workfn\n   Call Trace:\n    \u003cTASK\u003e\n     blkcg_unpin_online (./include/linux/instrumented.h:112 ./include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:400 ./include/linux/refcount.h:389 ./include/linux/refcount.h:432 ./include/linux/refcount.h:450 block/blk-cgroup.c:1367)\n     cgwb_release_workfn (mm/backing-dev.c:629)\n     process_scheduled_works (kernel/workqueue.c:3278 kernel/workqueue.c:3385)\n\n   Freed by task 1016:\n    kfree (./include/linux/kasan.h:235 mm/slub.c:2689 mm/slub.c:6246 mm/slub.c:6561)\n    css_free_rwork_fn (kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c:5542)\n    process_scheduled_works (kernel/workqueue.c:3302 kernel/workqueue.c:3385)\n\n** Stack based on commit 66672af7a095 (\"Add linux-next specific files\nfor 20260410\")\n\nI am seeing this crash sporadically in Meta fleet across multiple kernel\nversions.  A full reproducer is available at:\nhttps://github.com/leitao/debug/blob/main/reproducers/repro_blkcg_uaf.sh\n\n(The race window is narrow.  To make it easily reproducible, inject a\nmsleep(100) between css_put() and blkcg_unpin_online() in\ncgwb_release_workfn().  With that delay and a KASAN-enabled kernel, the\nreproducer triggers the splat reliably in less than a second.)\n\nFix this by moving blkcg_unpin_online() before css_put(), so the\ncgwb\u0027s CSS reference keeps the blkcg alive while blkcg_unpin_online()\naccesses it."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached by local cgroup/writeback activity: creating/removing cgroup v2 subgroups, moving a task into them, and dirtying files on a block-backed filesystem. There is no network or physical packet/device entry point.\nAC:L - Although the timing window is narrow, the attacker can repeatedly drive both cgroup teardown and cgwb creation/release through cgroup churn and buffered writes. Per the scoring rule for attacker-driven races and UAFs, this is low complexity.\nPR:L - The attacker needs local ability to manipulate a delegated cgroup subtree and run file I/O, which is available to low-privileged users in reasonable delegated cgroup v2 or container/user-slice deployments. It does not require real init-namespace root in those scenarios.\nUI:N - No victim action is required once the attacker has local execution and cgroup access. The attacker triggers creation, writeback, and removal directly.\nS:U - The vulnerability is in the host kernel\u2019s cgroup/writeback lifetime management and impacts the same kernel security authority. Standard local kernel privilege escalation is scored as unchanged scope.\nC:H - The bug is a use-after-free of a freed blkcg object after css_put can lead to blkcg_css_free and kfree before blkcg_unpin_online dereferences it. Kernel UAFs are scored high for confidentiality because reclaimed slab contents can be abused for memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - The immediate UAF performs a refcount decrement/write through freed memory, and reclaimed-object corruption can plausibly be shaped into broader kernel heap corruption or control-flow compromise. Kernel UAF memory corruption is scored high for integrity.\nA:H - The reported failure is a slab-use-after-free in a kernel worker and can cause an oops, panic, or persistent kernel instability. Repeated local triggering makes availability impact high."
            }
          ]
        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:37.101Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23acef4156c260e8598397a1a2e8b3a23e919893"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bd36e93b542d9dd020190c6607c6a3663405195"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/740ba1ebb223f137ff088ab74d533a13f9167bd8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/115a5266749dcde7fe4127e8623d19c752088f69"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfc8292a1d6782c76b626315605e0585a5a18447"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea3af09eb87d8f8708c66747fcf1a2762902e839"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50879a3c1faf06e661090015d59e2127255cff27"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67cb119d32f35e32acd0393bbeb318b2bb1fdafe"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f5857be99f1ed1fa80991c72449541f634626ee"
        }
      ],
      "title": "mm: blk-cgroup: fix use-after-free in cgwb_release_workfn()",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31586",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-24T14:42:14.937Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.120Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:37.101Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}