{
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                "id": "CVE-2025-40240",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-16T19:41:12.884839Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: avoid NULL dereference when chunk data buffer is missing\n\nchunk-\u003eskb pointer is dereferenced in the if-block where it\u0027s supposed\nto be NULL only.\n\nchunk-\u003eskb can only be NULL if chunk-\u003ehead_skb is not. Check for frag_list\ninstead and do it just before replacing chunk-\u003eskb. We\u0027re sure that\notherwise chunk-\u003eskb is non-NULL because of outer if() condition."
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:N - The bug is in the SCTP packet input path (`sctp_rcv` \u2192 `sctp_inq_push` \u2192 `sctp_assoc_bh_rcv` \u2192 `sctp_inq_pop`), processing chunk data supplied by a peer over IP; the vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and is driven entirely by received SCTP packets, including from a container/veth peer on the other side of a security boundary.\nAC:L - The trigger is a re-read of `skb_shinfo(skb)-\u003efrag_list` on a shared/cloned GSO skb, and the attacker controls both sides \u2014 generating the large GSO SCTP packets and the concurrent clone/consumer that mutates the shared shinfo \u2014 which is exactly the pattern syzbot reproduced for the sibling bug in the same lines of `sctp_inq_pop()`.\nPR:N - `sctp_inq_pop()` runs before any chunk is validated by the state machine \u2014 OOTB packets and INIT chunks from a completely unauthenticated peer reach it, and no capability or credential check exists anywhere on the `sctp_rcv()` path.\nUI:N - Processing happens automatically in softirq/backlog context as soon as the packets are received; no victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The NULL dereference faults inside the kernel\u0027s own SCTP receive processing; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The fault is a read of an unmapped low address (`NULL-\u003edev`) that immediately oopses; no attacker-controlled memory is read back or returned to userspace.\nI:N - Nothing is written \u2014 the bug is a read of a NULL pointer field, so no kernel memory is modified and no control-flow hijack primitive is produced.\nA:H - The path first hits `WARN_ON()` (an immediate panic on `panic_on_warn=1` systems, common on hardened/cloud kernels) and then dereferences NULL, producing a kernel oops in softirq/backlog context that kills SCTP receive processing and typically brings down the machine; it is repeatable by simply resending traffic."
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:44.117Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61cda2777b07d27459f5cac5a047c3edf9c8a1a9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08165c296597075763130919f2aae59b5822f016"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/441f0647f7673e0e64d4910ef61a5fb8f16bfb82"
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      "title": "sctp: avoid NULL dereference when chunk data buffer is missing",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40240",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:29.715Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:44.117Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhfs: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits()\n\nThe syzbot reported issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits():\n\n=====================================================\nBUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in hfs_find_set_zero_bits+0x74d/0xb60 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:45\n hfs_find_set_zero_bits+0x74d/0xb60 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:45\n hfs_vbm_search_free+0x13c/0x5b0 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:151\n hfs_extend_file+0x6a5/0x1b00 fs/hfs/extent.c:408\n hfs_get_block+0x435/0x1150 fs/hfs/extent.c:353\n __block_write_begin_int+0xa76/0x3030 fs/buffer.c:2151\n block_write_begin fs/buffer.c:2262 [inline]\n cont_write_begin+0x10e1/0x1bc0 fs/buffer.c:2601\n hfs_write_begin+0x85/0x130 fs/hfs/inode.c:52\n cont_expand_zero fs/buffer.c:2528 [inline]\n cont_write_begin+0x35a/0x1bc0 fs/buffer.c:2591\n hfs_write_begin+0x85/0x130 fs/hfs/inode.c:52\n hfs_file_truncate+0x1d6/0xe60 fs/hfs/extent.c:494\n hfs_inode_setattr+0x964/0xaa0 fs/hfs/inode.c:654\n notify_change+0x1993/0x1aa0 fs/attr.c:552\n do_truncate+0x28f/0x310 fs/open.c:68\n do_ftruncate+0x698/0x730 fs/open.c:195\n do_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:210 [inline]\n __do_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:215 [inline]\n __se_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:213 [inline]\n __x64_sys_ftruncate+0x11b/0x250 fs/open.c:213\n x64_sys_call+0xfe3/0x3db0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:78\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x210 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nUninit was created at:\n slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4154 [inline]\n slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4197 [inline]\n __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x7f7/0xed0 mm/slub.c:4354\n kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline]\n hfs_mdb_get+0x1cc8/0x2a90 fs/hfs/mdb.c:175\n hfs_fill_super+0x3d0/0xb80 fs/hfs/super.c:337\n get_tree_bdev_flags+0x6e3/0x920 fs/super.c:1681\n get_tree_bdev+0x38/0x50 fs/super.c:1704\n hfs_get_tree+0x35/0x40 fs/hfs/super.c:388\n vfs_get_tree+0xb0/0x5c0 fs/super.c:1804\n do_new_mount+0x738/0x1610 fs/namespace.c:3902\n path_mount+0x6db/0x1e90 fs/namespace.c:4226\n do_mount fs/namespace.c:4239 [inline]\n __do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:4450 [inline]\n __se_sys_mount+0x6eb/0x7d0 fs/namespace.c:4427\n __x64_sys_mount+0xe4/0x150 fs/namespace.c:4427\n x64_sys_call+0xfa7/0x3db0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:166\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x210 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 12609 Comm: syz.1.2692 Not tainted 6.16.0-syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(none)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025\n=====================================================\n\nThe HFS_SB(sb)-\u003ebitmap buffer is allocated in hfs_mdb_get():\n\nHFS_SB(sb)-\u003ebitmap = kmalloc(8192, GFP_KERNEL);\n\nFinally, it can trigger the reported issue because kmalloc()\ndoesn\u0027t clear the allocated memory. If allocated memory contains\nonly zeros, then everything will work pretty fine.\nBut if the allocated memory contains the \"garbage\", then\nit can affect the bitmap operations and it triggers\nthe reported issue.\n\nThis patch simply exchanges the kmalloc() on kzalloc()\nwith the goal to guarantee the correctness of bitmap operations.\nBecause, newly created allocation bitmap should have all\navailable blocks free. Potentially, initialization bitmap\u0027s read\noperation could not fill the whole allocated memory and\n\"garbage\" in the not initialized memory will be the reason of\nvolume coruptions and file system driver bugs."
        }
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only by mounting an HFS block device or image locally and then issuing ordinary file syscalls (ftruncate/write) against it, as in the syzbot trace via `__x64_sys_ftruncate`. There is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `hfs_mdb_get()` or `hfs_find_set_zero_bits()`; local mounting of attacker-supplied media is routine via udisks2/automount, loop devices, and fstab `user` entries.\nAC:L - `kmalloc(8192)` never zeroes and the disk read only covers `(fs_ablocks + 8) / 8` bytes, so on every mount the tail of the bitmap object is stale slab data \u2014 the vulnerable state exists unconditionally, with no race and no memory-layout luck. Every remaining precondition is attacker-authored on-disk metadata (`drNmAlBlks`, `drClpSiz`, extent `block`/`count` feeding `goal`), the residual slab contents are groomable with standard heap-spray techniques, and the syzbot reproducer triggers it reliably.\nPR:L - hfs is registered `FS_REQUIRES_DEV` without `FS_USERNS_MOUNT`, so the mount step needs `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` in the initial namespace and is not obtainable via `unshare -Ur`; however, once a privileged automounter such as udisks2 has mounted the removable volume, an ordinary unprivileged local user drives the entire `hfs_inode_setattr \u2192 hfs_file_truncate \u2192 hfs_get_block \u2192 hfs_extend_file \u2192 hfs_vbm_search_free` path with a plain `ftruncate()`/`write()`, with no capability check anywhere along it.\nUI:N - In the removable-media/udisks2 automount scenario the crafted HFS volume is mounted without any deliberate victim action, and the trigger itself is a normal file truncate or write performed by the attacker on their own image. No action by another user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The uninitialized-memory consumption, the out-of-bounds slab access at the tail of the bitmap object, and any resulting fault all occur inside the host kernel\u0027s own security authority. No VM, hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Stale kmalloc\u0027d slab contents \u2014 potentially remnants of any prior 8 KiB kernel allocation \u2014 are consumed directly as volume allocation state and steer which blocks are handed out; the resulting run lengths and extents are persisted into on-disk metadata the attacker can read back, forming an oracle for leaked heap bytes. Because `goal` from on-disk extents is unvalidated against `fs_ablocks`, the search can also produce extents pointing past the end of the volume, causing `hfs_get_block`/`map_bh` to read device sectors outside the filesystem, and the tail write-back reads a `__be32` past the end of the kmalloc-8k object.\nI:H - The garbage bits drive `hfs_find_set_zero_bits()` to mark uninitialized regions \"used\" and return `*num_bits` exceeding the volume, underflowing `HFS_SB(sb)-\u003efree_ablocks -= *num_bits` (u32) to a huge value and installing extent records that extend past the volume end, which subsequent writes then commit to sectors outside the filesystem \u2014 exactly the \"volume corruptions\" the fix author cites. At the 64 K-bit boundary the `*curr = cpu_to_be32(n)` store at `done:` performs a 4-byte out-of-bounds read-modify-write on the slab object adjacent to the 8192-byte bitmap allocation, which per the OOB-write guidance is High.\nA:H - Consuming uninitialized memory as filesystem allocation state yields the reported KMSAN uninit-value bug plus a slab out-of-bounds access that trips KASAN/panics on hardened kernels, corrupted `free_ablocks` accounting, and extents referencing sectors beyond the volume that drive the block layer into repeated I/O failure. A persistent crafted volume retriggers the condition on every file-extension operation, at will."
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      "references": [
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    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:32.422Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:47.346Z",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhfsplus: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent()\n\nThe syzbot reported issue in __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent():\n\n[   70.194323][ T9350] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent+0x7d0/0x990\n[   70.195022][ T9350]  __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent+0x7d0/0x990\n[   70.195530][ T9350]  hfsplus_file_extend+0x74f/0x1cf0\n[   70.195998][ T9350]  hfsplus_get_block+0xe16/0x17b0\n[   70.196458][ T9350]  __block_write_begin_int+0x962/0x2ce0\n[   70.196959][ T9350]  cont_write_begin+0x1000/0x1950\n[   70.197416][ T9350]  hfsplus_write_begin+0x85/0x130\n[   70.197873][ T9350]  generic_perform_write+0x3e8/0x1060\n[   70.198374][ T9350]  __generic_file_write_iter+0x215/0x460\n[   70.198892][ T9350]  generic_file_write_iter+0x109/0x5e0\n[   70.199393][ T9350]  vfs_write+0xb0f/0x14e0\n[   70.199771][ T9350]  ksys_write+0x23e/0x490\n[   70.200149][ T9350]  __x64_sys_write+0x97/0xf0\n[   70.200570][ T9350]  x64_sys_call+0x3015/0x3cf0\n[   70.201065][ T9350]  do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0\n[   70.201506][ T9350]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n[   70.202054][ T9350]\n[   70.202279][ T9350] Uninit was created at:\n[   70.202693][ T9350]  __kmalloc_noprof+0x621/0xf80\n[   70.203149][ T9350]  hfsplus_find_init+0x8d/0x1d0\n[   70.203602][ T9350]  hfsplus_file_extend+0x6ca/0x1cf0\n[   70.204087][ T9350]  hfsplus_get_block+0xe16/0x17b0\n[   70.204561][ T9350]  __block_write_begin_int+0x962/0x2ce0\n[   70.205074][ T9350]  cont_write_begin+0x1000/0x1950\n[   70.205547][ T9350]  hfsplus_write_begin+0x85/0x130\n[   70.206017][ T9350]  generic_perform_write+0x3e8/0x1060\n[   70.206519][ T9350]  __generic_file_write_iter+0x215/0x460\n[   70.207042][ T9350]  generic_file_write_iter+0x109/0x5e0\n[   70.207552][ T9350]  vfs_write+0xb0f/0x14e0\n[   70.207961][ T9350]  ksys_write+0x23e/0x490\n[   70.208375][ T9350]  __x64_sys_write+0x97/0xf0\n[   70.208810][ T9350]  x64_sys_call+0x3015/0x3cf0\n[   70.209255][ T9350]  do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0\n[   70.209680][ T9350]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n[   70.210230][ T9350]\n[   70.210454][ T9350] CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 9350 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5 #5\n[   70.211174][ T9350] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n[   70.212115][ T9350] =====================================================\n[   70.212734][ T9350] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n[   70.213284][ T9350] Kernel panic - not syncing: kmsan.panic set ...\n[   70.213858][ T9350] CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 9350 Comm: repro Tainted: G    B              6.12.0-rc5 #5\n[   70.214679][ T9350] Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE\n[   70.215057][ T9350] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n[   70.215999][ T9350] Call Trace:\n[   70.216309][ T9350]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[   70.216585][ T9350]  dump_stack_lvl+0x1fd/0x2b0\n[   70.217025][ T9350]  dump_stack+0x1e/0x30\n[   70.217421][ T9350]  panic+0x502/0xca0\n[   70.217803][ T9350]  ? kmsan_get_metadata+0x13e/0x1c0\n\n[   70.218294][ Message fromT sy9350]  kmsan_report+0x296/slogd@syzkaller 0x2aat Aug 18 22:11:058 ...\n kernel\n:[   70.213284][ T9350] Kernel panic - not syncing: kmsan.panic [   70.220179][ T9350]  ? kmsan_get_metadata+0x13e/0x1c0\nset ...\n[   70.221254][ T9350]  ? __msan_warning+0x96/0x120\n[   70.222066][ T9350]  ? __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent+0x7d0/0x990\n[   70.223023][ T9350]  ? hfsplus_file_extend+0x74f/0x1cf0\n[   70.224120][ T9350]  ? hfsplus_get_block+0xe16/0x17b0\n[   70.224946][ T9350]  ? __block_write_begin_int+0x962/0x2ce0\n[   70.225756][ T9350]  ? cont_write_begin+0x1000/0x1950\n[   70.226337][ T9350]  ? hfsplus_write_begin+0x85/0x130\n[   70.226852][ T9350]  ? generic_perform_write+0x3e8/0x1060\n[   70.227405][ T9350]  ? __generic_file_write_iter+0x215/0x460\n[   70.227979][ T9350]  ? generic_file_write_iter+0x109/0x5e0\n[   70.228540][ T9350]  ? vfs_write+0xb0f/0x14e0\n[   70.228997][ T9350]  ? ksys_write+0x23e/0x490\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The defect is only reachable by mounting an attacker-authored HFS+ block device or image locally and then issuing ordinary file syscalls (read/write/unlink) against it; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into hfsplus_get_block() or hfs_brec_find(). Local mounting of attacker-supplied images is routinely available via udisks2/automount, loop devices, and fstab `user` entries.\nAC:L - Every precondition comes from attacker-authored on-disk metadata: setting vhdr-\u003enext_cnid to 0 deterministically yields inode-\u003ei_ino == 0 so the cnid comparison matches, and an extents b-tree header with root == 0 (or an index node with a zero record offset) deterministically forces the uninitialized-field return path; the residual uninitialized slab/stack values are groomable from userspace with standard techniques and the syzbot reproducer triggers the bug reliably with no race or uncontrollable condition.\nPR:L - hfsplus is registered FS_REQUIRES_DEV without FS_USERNS_MOUNT, so the mount itself needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the initial namespace and is not obtainable via unshare -Ur; however, once a privileged automounter such as udisks2 has mounted the removable volume, an ordinary unprivileged local user drives the entire hfsplus_get_block \u2192 hfsplus_file_extend \u2192 __hfsplus_ext_read_extent path with a plain write(), with no capability check anywhere along it.\nUI:N - In the removable-media/udisks2 automount scenario the crafted volume is mounted without any deliberate victim action, and the trigger itself is a normal file read or write performed by the attacker on their own image.\nS:U - The uninitialized-memory consumption, the resulting out-of-bounds page accesses, and any fault all occur inside the host kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The uninitialized fd-\u003erecord and fd-\u003eentryoffset gate and then feed hfs_bnode_read(bnode, \u0026data, off, 4) in the hfs_brec_find() index-node loop, where the unvalidated offset indexes node-\u003epage[] out of bounds and dereferences arbitrary slab contents as a struct page *, giving an unbounded kernel-memory read; in addition, stale kmalloc\u0027d bytes from fd-\u003ekey seed hip-\u003ecached_start/cached_extents, which are persisted into on-disk metadata the attacker reads back.\nI:H - On the hfsplus_free_fork() path, __hfsplus_ext_read_extent() can return success with uninitialized fields, after which hfs_brec_remove() performs hfs_bnode_write_u16() and hfs_bnode_move() using the garbage fd-\u003erecord, fd-\u003ekeyoffset and fd-\u003ekeylength+fd-\u003eentrylength, producing out-of-bounds writes into kernel page data; garbage extent records additionally steer map_bh() to arbitrary device sectors.\nA:H - On the tree-\u003eroot == 0 path fd-\u003ebnode is NULL, so once the uninitialized entrylength passes the \"!= sizeof(hfsplus_extent_rec)\" check the code dereferences a NULL bnode in hfs_bnode_read(); the reported syzbot outcome is already \"Kernel panic - not syncing\", and a persistent crafted volume retriggers the fault on every access."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields\n\nThe validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong.\nIt runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the\nsame function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the\npush_nsh() action.  However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different\nmemory layout.  Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in\ncase of the masked set().  That makes proper validation impossible.\n\nThere is also confusion in the code between the \u0027masked\u0027 flag, that\nsays that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both\nthe value and the mask, and the \u0027is_mask\u0027 that says that the value\nwe\u0027re parsing is the mask.  This is causing kernel crash on trying to\nwrite into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during\nvalidation, while validate_nsh() doesn\u0027t allocate any memory for it:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]\n   validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]\n   __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0\n   __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe third issue with this process is that while trying to convert\nthe non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles\nthe size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn\u0027t have any nested\nattributes.  It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling\nthem in size independently.  And the process must be properly reversed\nduring the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during\nthe flow dump.\n\nIn the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are\neither validation failure or a kernel crash.  And if somehow someone\nmanages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely\nnot do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are\nmixed up.\n\nFixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing\nmost of the validation code.\n\nGiven that and the fact that this functionality never worked since\nintroduction, let\u0027s just remove it altogether.  It\u0027s better to\nre-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying\nto fix it in stable releases."
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    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T19:43:48.728Z",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: fix a race in mptcp_pm_del_add_timer()\n\nmptcp_pm_del_add_timer() can call sk_stop_timer_sync(sk, \u0026entry-\u003eadd_timer)\nwhile another might have free entry already, as reported by syzbot.\n\nAdd RCU protection to fix this issue.\n\nAlso change confusing add_timer variable with stop_timer boolean.\n\nsyzbot report:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __timer_delete_sync+0x372/0x3f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1616\nRead of size 4 at addr ffff8880311e4150 by task kworker/1:1/44\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 44 Comm: kworker/1:1 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT_{RT,(full)}\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025\nWorkqueue: events mptcp_worker\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n  dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n  print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n  print_report+0xca/0x240 mm/kasan/report.c:482\n  kasan_report+0x118/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n  __timer_delete_sync+0x372/0x3f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1616\n  sk_stop_timer_sync+0x1b/0x90 net/core/sock.c:3631\n  mptcp_pm_del_add_timer+0x283/0x310 net/mptcp/pm.c:362\n  mptcp_incoming_options+0x1357/0x1f60 net/mptcp/options.c:1174\n  tcp_data_queue+0xca/0x6450 net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:5361\n  tcp_rcv_established+0x1335/0x2670 net/ipv4/tcp_input.c:6441\n  tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x98b/0xbf0 net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:1931\n  tcp_v4_rcv+0x252a/0x2dc0 net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2374\n  ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x221/0x440 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:205\n  ip_local_deliver_finish+0x3bb/0x6f0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:239\n  NF_HOOK+0x30c/0x3a0 include/linux/netfilter.h:318\n  NF_HOOK+0x30c/0x3a0 include/linux/netfilter.h:318\n  __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6079 [inline]\n  __netif_receive_skb+0x143/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6192\n  process_backlog+0x31e/0x900 net/core/dev.c:6544\n  __napi_poll+0xb6/0x540 net/core/dev.c:7594\n  napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7657 [inline]\n  net_rx_action+0x5f7/0xda0 net/core/dev.c:7784\n  handle_softirqs+0x22f/0x710 kernel/softirq.c:622\n  __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline]\n  __local_bh_enable_ip+0x1a0/0x2e0 kernel/softirq.c:302\n  mptcp_pm_send_ack net/mptcp/pm.c:210 [inline]\n mptcp_pm_addr_send_ack+0x41f/0x500 net/mptcp/pm.c:-1\n  mptcp_pm_worker+0x174/0x320 net/mptcp/pm.c:1002\n  mptcp_worker+0xd5/0x1170 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2762\n  process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3263 [inline]\n  process_scheduled_works+0xae1/0x17b0 kernel/workqueue.c:3346\n  worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3427\n  kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463\n  ret_from_fork+0x4bc/0x870 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 44:\n  kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:56 [inline]\n  kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:77\n  poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:400 [inline]\n  __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:417\n  kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:262 [inline]\n  __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x1ef/0x6c0 mm/slub.c:5748\n  kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:957 [inline]\n  mptcp_pm_alloc_anno_list+0x104/0x460 net/mptcp/pm.c:385\n  mptcp_pm_create_subflow_or_signal_addr+0xf9d/0x1360 net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:355\n  mptcp_pm_nl_fully_established net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:409 [inline]\n  __mptcp_pm_kernel_worker+0x417/0x1ef0 net/mptcp/pm_kernel.c:1529\n  mptcp_pm_worker+0x1ee/0x320 net/mptcp/pm.c:1008\n  mptcp_worker+0xd5/0x1170 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2762\n  process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3263 [inline]\n  process_scheduled_works+0xae1/0x17b0 kernel/workqueue.c:3346\n  worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3427\n  kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463\n  ret_from_fork+0x4bc/0x870 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245\n\nFreed by task 6630:\n  kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:56 [inline]\n  kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:77\n  __kasan_save_free_info+0x46/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:587\n  kasan_save_free_info mm/kasan/kasan.h:406 [inline]\n  poison_slab_object m\n---truncated---"
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            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:N - The use-after-free is dereferenced inside `mptcp_incoming_options()` while parsing an MPTCP ADD_ADDR echo option received from a remote peer (`tcp_v4_rcv \u2192 tcp_rcv_established \u2192 tcp_data_queue \u2192 mptcp_incoming_options \u2192 mptcp_pm_del_add_timer`), as shown verbatim in the syzbot stack. Any remote MPTCP peer of an internet-facing MPTCP-enabled server reaches this code with ordinary TCP packets.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 the ADD_ADDR echo can be emitted at will and repeatedly to keep a thread parked in the unlocked window, while the freeing side (`FLUSH_ADDRS`/`DEL_ADDR`/userspace-PM `REMOVE`) is either driven by the PM daemon reacting to the attacker\u0027s own MPTCP address events or issued directly by a local attacker looping netlink calls. Both `mptcp_pm_del_add_timer()` callers are trivially invokable in a tight loop, so the window is hit reliably.\nPR:N - A remote MPTCP peer needs no credentials or privileges on the target \u2014 only an established MPTCP connection, whose keys are what `add_addr_hmac_valid()` checks. Even the netlink half of the race is only `GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM`, i.e. CAP_NET_ADMIN reachable by an unprivileged user via `unshare -Urn`, so no real privilege is required anywhere on the path.\nUI:N - Exploitation happens entirely in the kernel\u0027s TCP receive path and the MPTCP path-manager worker; no victim action, mount, or file open is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel slab memory and the compromised component is the kernel itself, so there is no crossing into a different security authority.\nC:H - The freed `mptcp_pm_add_entry` lives in a sprayable general kmalloc cache; after reclaim, `__timer_delete_sync()` reads attacker-groomed memory and a fired `mptcp_pm_add_timer()` re-announces `entry-\u003eaddr` from the reclaimed object, leaking kernel heap contents onto the wire and yielding an arbitrary-read primitive via the confused `entry-\u003esock` pointer.\nI:H - `__timer_delete_sync()` writes into the freed timer during detach, and a timer firing out of a reallocated object drives `sk_reset_timer()`/`__sock_put()` on a fully attacker-controlled `entry-\u003esock` pointer \u2014 a wild-pointer write and refcount decrement suitable for heap grooming into control-flow hijack.\nA:H - KASAN confirms a slab-use-after-free in `__timer_delete_sync()`; unmitigated this reliably corrupts timer-base list state and oopses or panics the kernel, and the race can be re-triggered repeatedly from the network for a persistent denial of service."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmptcp: fix race condition in mptcp_schedule_work()\n\nsyzbot reported use-after-free in mptcp_schedule_work() [1]\n\nIssue here is that mptcp_schedule_work() schedules a work,\nthen gets a refcount on sk-\u003esk_refcnt if the work was scheduled.\nThis refcount will be released by mptcp_worker().\n\n[A] if (schedule_work(...)) {\n[B]     sock_hold(sk);\n        return true;\n    }\n\nProblem is that mptcp_worker() can run immediately and complete before [B]\n\nWe need instead :\n\n    sock_hold(sk);\n    if (schedule_work(...))\n        return true;\n    sock_put(sk);\n\n[1]\nrefcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 29 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0xfa/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:25\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline]\n  __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:366 [inline]\n  refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:383 [inline]\n  sock_hold include/net/sock.h:816 [inline]\n  mptcp_schedule_work+0x164/0x1a0 net/mptcp/protocol.c:943\n  mptcp_tout_timer+0x21/0xa0 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2316\n  call_timer_fn+0x17e/0x5f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1747\n  expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1798 [inline]\n  __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:2372 [inline]\n  __run_timer_base+0x648/0x970 kernel/time/timer.c:2384\n  run_timer_base kernel/time/timer.c:2393 [inline]\n  run_timer_softirq+0xb7/0x180 kernel/time/timer.c:2403\n  handle_softirqs+0x22f/0x710 kernel/softirq.c:622\n  __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline]\n  run_ktimerd+0xcf/0x190 kernel/softirq.c:1138\n  smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160\n  kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463\n  ret_from_fork+0x4bc/0x870 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158\n  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245"
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable function is reached directly from the packet receive path (`tcp_input.c` \u2192 `mptcp_incoming_options()` on received MP_FASTCLOSE and DATA_FIN options) and from the mp_fail/close timeouts armed by remote peer behaviour such as a bad DSS checksum or subflow reset. A remote MPTCP peer drives the connection state machine that schedules the work, making this reachable over the network with no local access.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by opening and tearing down large numbers of MPTCP connections/subflows, generating an unbounded stream of work-scheduling events (timer expiry, MP_FASTCLOSE, DATA_FIN, subflow close) that each retry the race. The window is further widened on threaded-softirq/PREEMPT_RT kernels (as in the syzbot trace, `run_ktimerd`) and under vCPU preemption in virtualized deployments, so success is achievable at will through repetition.\nPR:N - No credentials or capabilities are checked anywhere on the path; a remote peer of an MPTCP connection (or an unauthenticated client connecting to an MPTCP-enabled listener) triggers the option-parsing and timeout paths in softirq context. Locally the same code is reachable by any unprivileged user simply creating and closing `IPPROTO_MPTCP` sockets.\nUI:N - The race is triggered entirely by attacker-generated traffic and normal MPTCP connection teardown/timeout processing. No victim action of any kind is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary. This is a standard in-kernel use-after-free.\nC:H - The `struct sock` is freed while still referenced, and the freed slab object can be reallocated and read back through the still-live MPTCP socket/timer state, exposing arbitrary kernel heap contents. Use-after-free on a socket object gives an attacker control over the contents of the freed object, enabling kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - After the premature free, `sock_hold()` performs a refcount increment write at a fixed offset into freed (and potentially reallocated) memory, and the trailing `sock_put()` can re-enter `sk_free()`/`sk_destruct` on that object, producing a double free and freelist corruption. These are established primitives for heap grooming and control-flow hijacking, i.e. full integrity loss.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a refcount underflow warning followed by use-after-free of the MPTCP socket, which readily results in an oops or panic when the freed object is dereferenced by the timer, workqueue, or destructor path. Any UAF of this kind reliably crashes the kernel, and it can be triggered repeatedly."
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:N - The race is driven by data and events from the remote NVMe-oF/FC peer \u2014 `nvme_fc_fcpio_done()` queues `-\u003eioerr_work` on any transport-detected I/O error (aborted exchange, bad ERSP IU, bad transfer length), and controller teardown itself is remotely inducible via remote-port loss/LOGO leading to `nvme_fc_unregister_remoteport()` or `dev_loss_tmo` expiry in `nvme_fc_reconnect_or_delete()` calling `nvme_delete_ctrl()`. A malicious or compromised NVMe/FC target (or a peer able to inject frames on the fabric, which may be extended over routed links via FCIP/FCoE) needs no host access to drive both halves.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it supplies the erroring I/O completions and triggers the association teardown, and during `nvme_fc_delete_association()` every aborted I/O unconditionally re-queues `ioerr_work` (state is DELETING, not RESETTING, so the `check_error` guard passes) after `cancel_work_sync()` has already run, so the work is reliably resurrected whenever I/O is outstanding at delete time.\nPR:N - A remote FC/NVMe-oF peer needs no credentials or privileges on the victim host; the vulnerable path is reached purely through normal transport error completions and fabric port-loss events on an already-established association.\nUI:N - No victim action is required \u2014 connectivity loss and `dev_loss_tmo` expiry delete the controller automatically while in-flight I/O is aborted, with no administrator involvement.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory and workqueue state within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `nvme_fc_ctrl` is read after `kfree()` \u2014 the workqueue dereferences the embedded `work_struct` (`work-\u003efunc`, `work-\u003eentry`) and `nvme_fc_ctrl_ioerr_work()`/`nvme_fc_error_recovery()` read `ctrl-\u003ectrl` state from freed memory, a use-after-free that with slab reuse yields an information-disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The workqueue performs `list_del_init(\u0026work-\u003eentry)` and `move_linked_works()` list manipulation writing into the freed object, and `process_one_work()` loads and calls `work-\u003efunc` from it; reclaiming the slab with sprayed data gives an attacker-controlled indirect call and arbitrary-write primitive.\nA:H - The reported failure is an immediate kernel BUG/oops (`list_del corruption ... kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:52` in `move_linked_works()` from a `nvme-wq` worker), i.e. a system panic and loss of the storage path."
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nInput: imx_sc_key - fix memory corruption on unload\n\nThis is supposed to be \"priv\" but we accidentally pass \"\u0026priv\" which is\nan address in the stack and so it will lead to memory corruption when\nthe imx_sc_key_action() function is called.  Remove the \u0026."
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The corrupted teardown is reached through local operations on the platform device (module unload, sysfs driver unbind, or automatic devres unwind on probe failure), not through any network or remote data path. No physical hardware access is needed to initiate it.\nAC:L - The wrong pointer is passed unconditionally on every probe, so the corrupt teardown is fully deterministic with no race to win. Turning the subsequent freed-`priv` notifier/work UAF into a controlled call is standard heap grooming the attacker performs from userspace.\nPR:L - The teardown path is normally entered by driver unbind/module unload, and the identical corrupted action also executes automatically on the probe-failure unwind with no privilege at all; a local unprivileged process supplies the slab contents that the freed `priv` is reallocated into. Scored at the higher-severity option consistent with kernel CNA treatment of devres-lifetime corruption.\nUI:N - No victim action is required \u2014 unbind/unload or probe-failure unwind executes the bad devres action directly, and the resulting stale notifier is invoked by ordinary SCU interrupt activity.\nS:U - The corruption and the resulting use-after-free are confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `notifier_block` and `delayed_work` live in freed devm_kzalloc memory that an attacker can reallocate and shape, and the wild pointer reads reused kernel stack memory, giving a path to disclose arbitrary kernel data.\nI:H - `cancel_delayed_work_sync()` performs writes (`atomic_long_set` on `work-\u003edata`, timer/worker list manipulation) through an unrelated stale stack address, and the never-unregistered notifier yields an indirect call through a function pointer read from freed slab memory \u2014 both usable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Operating on a garbage `timer_list`/`work_struct` and later walking a notifier chain containing freed memory reliably produces an oops or panic, and the flush path can hang on a bogus work item."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40262",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T16:08:22.043Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.182Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:00.219Z",
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