CVE-2025-40254 (GCVE-0-2025-40254)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 16:08 – Updated: 2026-06-16 19:43
VLAI
Title
net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields The validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong. It runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the same function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the push_nsh() action. However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different memory layout. Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in case of the masked set(). That makes proper validation impossible. There is also confusion in the code between the 'masked' flag, that says that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both the value and the mask, and the 'is_mask' that says that the value we're parsing is the mask. This is causing kernel crash on trying to write into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during validation, while validate_nsh() doesn't allocate any memory for it: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary) RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch] Call Trace: <TASK> validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch] validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch] __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch] ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch] ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch] genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130 genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220 genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100 genl_rcv+0x24/0x40 netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0 netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430 ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0 ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0 __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e The third issue with this process is that while trying to convert the non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles the size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn't have any nested attributes. It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling them in size independently. And the process must be properly reversed during the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during the flow dump. In the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are either validation failure or a kernel crash. And if somehow someone manages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely not do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are mixed up. Fixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing most of the validation code. Given that and the fact that this functionality never worked since introduction, let's just remove it altogether. It's better to re-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying to fix it in stable releases.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 19:43 UTC
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6992 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 3d2e7d3b28469081ccf08301df07cc411a1cc5e9 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < f95bef5ba0b88d971b02c776f24bd17544930a3a (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 87d2429381ddcf8cbd30c8c36793a4f7916d5f99 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 0b903f33c31c82b1c3591279fd8a23893802b987 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 9c61d8fe1350b7322f4953318165d6719c3b1475 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < 4689ba45296dbb3a47e70a1bc2ed0328263e48f3 (git)
Affected: b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 , < dfe28c4167a9259fc0c372d9f9473e1ac95cff67 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.302 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.247 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.197 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.159 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.118 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.60 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.10 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V4.0 (custom)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields\n\nThe validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong.\nIt runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the\nsame function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the\npush_nsh() action.  However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different\nmemory layout.  Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in\ncase of the masked set().  That makes proper validation impossible.\n\nThere is also confusion in the code between the \u0027masked\u0027 flag, that\nsays that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both\nthe value and the mask, and the \u0027is_mask\u0027 that says that the value\nwe\u0027re parsing is the mask.  This is causing kernel crash on trying to\nwrite into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during\nvalidation, while validate_nsh() doesn\u0027t allocate any memory for it:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]\n   validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]\n   __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0\n   __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe third issue with this process is that while trying to convert\nthe non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles\nthe size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn\u0027t have any nested\nattributes.  It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling\nthem in size independently.  And the process must be properly reversed\nduring the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during\nthe flow dump.\n\nIn the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are\neither validation failure or a kernel crash.  And if somehow someone\nmanages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely\nnot do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are\nmixed up.\n\nFixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing\nmost of the validation code.\n\nGiven that and the fact that this functionality never worked since\nintroduction, let\u0027s just remove it altogether.  It\u0027s better to\nre-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying\nto fix it in stable releases."
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          },
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            "affectedData": [
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                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "RUGGEDCOM RST2428P",
                "vendor": "Siemens",
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                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
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            "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"
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        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields\n\nThe validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong.\nIt runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the\nsame function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the\npush_nsh() action.  However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different\nmemory layout.  Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in\ncase of the masked set().  That makes proper validation impossible.\n\nThere is also confusion in the code between the \u0027masked\u0027 flag, that\nsays that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both\nthe value and the mask, and the \u0027is_mask\u0027 that says that the value\nwe\u0027re parsing is the mask.  This is causing kernel crash on trying to\nwrite into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during\nvalidation, while validate_nsh() doesn\u0027t allocate any memory for it:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]\n   validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]\n   __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0\n   __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe third issue with this process is that while trying to convert\nthe non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles\nthe size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn\u0027t have any nested\nattributes.  It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling\nthem in size independently.  And the process must be properly reversed\nduring the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during\nthe flow dump.\n\nIn the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are\neither validation failure or a kernel crash.  And if somehow someone\nmanages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely\nnot do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are\nmixed up.\n\nFixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing\nmost of the validation code.\n\nGiven that and the fact that this functionality never worked since\nintroduction, let\u0027s just remove it altogether.  It\u0027s better to\nre-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying\nto fix it in stable releases."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet: openvswitch: eliminar el soporte que nunca funcion\u00f3 para establecer campos nsh\n\nLa validaci\u00f3n de la acci\u00f3n set(nsh(...)) es completamente err\u00f3nea.\nSe realiza a trav\u00e9s de la funci\u00f3n nsh_key_put_from_nlattr(), que es la misma funci\u00f3n que valida las claves NSH para la coincidencia de flujo y la acci\u00f3n push_nsh(). Sin embargo, la acci\u00f3n set(nsh(...)) tiene una disposici\u00f3n de memoria muy diferente. Los atributos anidados en ella duplican su tama\u00f1o en el caso del set() enmascarado. Eso hace que una validaci\u00f3n adecuada sea imposible.\n\nTambi\u00e9n hay confusi\u00f3n en el c\u00f3digo entre el indicador \u0027masked\u0027, que indica que los atributos anidados duplican su tama\u00f1o conteniendo tanto el valor como la m\u00e1scara, y el \u0027is_mask\u0027 que indica que el valor que estamos analizando es la m\u00e1scara. Esto est\u00e1 causando un fallo del kernel al intentar escribir en la parte de la m\u00e1scara de la coincidencia con SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() durante la validaci\u00f3n, mientras que validate_nsh() no asigna memoria para ello:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]\n   validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]\n   __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0\n   __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nEl tercer problema con este proceso es que, al intentar convertir el conjunto no enmascarado en uno enmascarado, validate_set() copia y duplica el tama\u00f1o de OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH como si no tuviera atributos anidados. Deber\u00eda copiar cada atributo anidado y duplicar su tama\u00f1o de forma independiente. Y el proceso debe revertirse correctamente durante la conversi\u00f3n de vuelta de la variante enmascarada a una no enmascarada durante el volcado de flujo.\n\nAl final, los \u00fanicos dos resultados de intentar usar esta acci\u00f3n son un fallo de validaci\u00f3n o un fallo del kernel. Y si de alguna manera alguien logra instalar un flujo con dicha acci\u00f3n, definitivamente no har\u00e1 lo que se supone que debe hacer, ya que todas las claves y las m\u00e1scaras est\u00e1n mezcladas.\n\nSolucionar todos los problemas es una tarea compleja, ya que requiere reescribir la mayor parte del c\u00f3digo de validaci\u00f3n.\n\nDado eso y el hecho de que esta funcionalidad nunca funcion\u00f3 desde su introducci\u00f3n, simplemente elimin\u00e9mosla por completo. Es mejor reintroducirla m\u00e1s tarde con una implementaci\u00f3n adecuada en lugar de intentar corregirla en versiones estables."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40254",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T19:10:00.130",
        "metrics": {
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        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:34:28+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40254",
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      "product_status:known_affected": "246",
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      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40254.json",
      "version": "3"
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              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
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              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
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                "net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.c",
                "net/openvswitch/flow_netlink.h"
              ],
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              ],
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                },
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                },
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                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.17.10",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
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                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.18",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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              ]
            }
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields\n\nThe validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong.\nIt runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the\nsame function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the\npush_nsh() action.  However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different\nmemory layout.  Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in\ncase of the masked set().  That makes proper validation impossible.\n\nThere is also confusion in the code between the \u0027masked\u0027 flag, that\nsays that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both\nthe value and the mask, and the \u0027is_mask\u0027 that says that the value\nwe\u0027re parsing is the mask.  This is causing kernel crash on trying to\nwrite into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during\nvalidation, while validate_nsh() doesn\u0027t allocate any memory for it:\n\n  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n  RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch]\n   validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch]\n   __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch]\n   ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch]\n   genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130\n   genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220\n   genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0\n   netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100\n   genl_rcv+0x24/0x40\n   netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0\n   netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430\n   ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0\n   ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0\n   __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe third issue with this process is that while trying to convert\nthe non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles\nthe size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn\u0027t have any nested\nattributes.  It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling\nthem in size independently.  And the process must be properly reversed\nduring the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during\nthe flow dump.\n\nIn the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are\neither validation failure or a kernel crash.  And if somehow someone\nmanages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely\nnot do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are\nmixed up.\n\nFixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing\nmost of the validation code.\n\nGiven that and the fact that this functionality never worked since\nintroduction, let\u0027s just remove it altogether.  It\u0027s better to\nre-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying\nto fix it in stable releases."
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:45:46.643Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d2e7d3b28469081ccf08301df07cc411a1cc5e9"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f95bef5ba0b88d971b02c776f24bd17544930a3a"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87d2429381ddcf8cbd30c8c36793a4f7916d5f99"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b903f33c31c82b1c3591279fd8a23893802b987"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c61d8fe1350b7322f4953318165d6719c3b1475"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4689ba45296dbb3a47e70a1bc2ed0328263e48f3"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfe28c4167a9259fc0c372d9f9473e1ac95cff67"
            }
          ],
          "title": "net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-40254",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-04T16:08:16.305Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T19:43:48.728Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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