Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-110952 (GCVE-0-2026-110952)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 16:37 – Updated: 2026-10-28 16:37

Title

Apache Kafka: Broker does not enforce JWT issuer and audience validation for SASL/OAUTHBEARER by default

Summary

A Kafka broker that authenticates clients with SASL/OAUTHBEARER using the bundled JWKS-backed validator always verifies the JWT signature, but two further checks are only performed when explicitly configured: - The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it. - An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is still rejected when no expected audience is configured.) Both options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0). Impact: The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate — potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default. Mitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required): Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider's exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0. Resolution: - From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true.

Severity

No CVSS data available.

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity)
CWE-1188 - Initialization of a resource with an insecure default

Assigner

apache CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1090 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Apache Software Foundation	Apache Kafka	Affected: 3.1.0 , < 4.4.0 (semver)	guessed

Credits

Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>, SnailSploit Evan Zhou <ezhou@confluent.io>

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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      "providerMetadata": {
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      "title": "Apache Kafka: Broker does not enforce JWT issuer and audience validation for SASL/OAUTHBEARER by default",
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    "datePublished": "2026-10-28T16:37:34.723Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-15T09:13:40.750Z",
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    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-110952",
      "date": "2026-10-29",
      "epss": "0.00123",
      "percentile": "0.02062"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2",
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "org.apache.kafka:kafka",
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                "product": "Apache Kafka",
                "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
                "versions": [
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                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3.1.0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@apache.org"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A Kafka broker that authenticates clients with SASL/OAUTHBEARER using the bundled JWKS-backed validator always verifies the JWT signature, but two further checks are only performed when explicitly configured:\n\n- The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it.\n- An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is\n  still rejected when no expected audience is configured.)\n\nBoth options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0).\n\nImpact:\n  The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token\n  minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate \u2014 potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss\n  claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the\n  signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default.\n\nMitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required):\n  Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider\u0027s exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform\n  exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0.\n\nResolution:\n  - From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that\n  intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-110952",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-29T15:04:37.187",
        "metrics": {},
        "published": "2026-10-28T17:17:37.997",
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            "source": "security@apache.org",
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        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
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                "value": "CWE-345"
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            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

CERTFR-2026-AVI-1415

Vulnerability from certfr_avis - Published: 2026-10-29 - Updated: 2026-10-29

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Apache Kafka. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Solutions

Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Description
Apache	Kafka	Apache Kafka versions antérieures à 4.2.2
Apache	Kafka	Apache Kafka versions antérieures à 4.4.0 pour la vulnérabilité CVE-2026-110952
Apache	Kafka	Apache Kafka versions 4.3.x antérieures à 4.3.2

References

Title

Publication Time

GHSA-R6JR-F97R-9CC7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-28 18:32 – Updated: 2026-10-28 18:32

Details

The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it.
An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is still rejected when no expected audience is configured.)

Both options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0).

Impact: The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate — potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default.

Mitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required): Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider's exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0.

Resolution: - From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true.

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-110952"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-345"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-28T17:17:37Z",
    "severity": null
  },
  "details": "A Kafka broker that authenticates clients with SASL/OAUTHBEARER using the bundled JWKS-backed validator always verifies the JWT signature, but two further checks are only performed when explicitly configured:\n\n- The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it.\n- An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is\n  still rejected when no expected audience is configured.)\n\nBoth options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0).\n\nImpact:\n  The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token\n  minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate \u2014 potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss\n  claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the\n  signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default.\n\nMitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required):\n  Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider\u0027s exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform\n  exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0.\n\nResolution:\n  - From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that\n  intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6jr-f97r-9cc7",
  "modified": "2026-10-28T18:32:03Z",
  "published": "2026-10-28T18:32:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-110952 (CVE-2026-110952)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2026-10-29 00:00 – Updated: 2026-10-29 00:00 – Source website

Details

Severity

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-110952	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-110952	REPORT
	https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "kafka",
            "binary_version": "2.2.2u1-0ubuntu1+esm2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "kafka",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/kafka@2.2.2u1-0ubuntu1+esm2?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/bionic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.2.0u2-0ubuntu3.1",
        "2.2.0u2-0ubuntu3.2",
        "2.2.2u1-0ubuntu1+esm2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "A Kafka broker that authenticates clients with SASL/OAUTHBEARER using the bundled JWKS-backed validator always verifies the JWT signature, but two further checks are only performed when explicitly configured: - The issuer (iss) claim is verified only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token carrying the expected audience is accepted regardless of which issuer minted it. - An audience (aud) claim is required only when sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience is set. When it is unset, a validly-signed token that omits the aud claim is accepted. (A token that carries an aud claim is   still rejected when no expected audience is configured.) Both options default to unset and have been documented as optional (Importance LOW) since KIP-768 (3.1.0). Impact:   The exposure is realizable mainly in deployments whose JWKS endpoint serves signing keys for more than one issuer (a multi-tenant identity provider, an aggregated/shared JWKS, or shared signing keys): a token   minted for a different issuer, or a token lacking an audience, may be accepted to authenticate \u2014 potentially as a higher-privileged principal. In a single-issuer deployment where the provider controls the iss   claim and issues audience-scoped tokens, exposure is limited. The signature trust anchor remains enforced in all cases. This is distinct from CVE-2026-33557 (acceptance of unsigned/unvalidated tokens); here the   signature is validated and only the issuer/audience checks are not enforced by default. Mitigation (all affected versions, no upgrade required):   Set both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer (to your provider\u0027s exact iss value) and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience (to the audience(s) your brokers expect), per listener. Brokers that set these perform   exact-match issuer/audience checks and are not affected. Both have been available since 3.1.0. Resolution:   - From Apache Kafka 4.4.0: a broker configured with a JWKS endpoint fails to start unless both sasl.oauthbearer.expected.issuer and sasl.oauthbearer.expected.audience are set (secure by default). Deployments that   intentionally do not restrict the issuer and/or audience may opt out per axis with sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.issuer=true and/or sasl.oauthbearer.allow.unverified.audience=true.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2026-110952",
  "modified": "2026-10-29T00:00:00Z",
  "published": "2026-10-29T00:00:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-110952"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-110952"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/cve-list"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-110952"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-110952 (GCVE-0-2026-110952)

CERTFR-2026-AVI-1415

Solutions

GHSA-R6JR-F97R-9CC7

UBUNTU-CVE-2026-110952 (CVE-2026-110952)

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Related by attack behaviour