CVE-2026-96581 (GCVE-0-2026-96581)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 07:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 14:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
An upsert on the primary key in Ash ignores attribute multitenancy, so one tenant can read, overwrite and take over another tenant's records
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ash-project ash allows a user of one tenant to read, overwrite and take over another tenant's records via an upserting create action.
Under attribute multitenancy, Ash.Actions.Create (lib/ash/actions/create/create.ex) and Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk (lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex) upserted on the primary key, or on an all_tenants? identity, without scoping the conflicting record to the request's tenant. A caller of a create action with upsert? true that accepts the primary key, supplying a record id from another tenant, updated that record's upsert fields and received all of its attributes in the result. With the default upsert fields the tenant attribute was written too, moving the record into the caller's tenant. Read and update policies do not run for upserts, and tenant-scoped create policies pass because the tenant is the caller's own.
This issue affects ash: from 1.22.0 before 3.37.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 14:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advis… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-96581.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-96581 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/2333d01… | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/c9f0cdb… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash |
Affected:
1.22.0 , < 3.37.2
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| ash-project | ash |
Affected:
2333d01ddf37e5909769a513059b27e3183331c5 , < c9f0cdb31e7c084def05f3f5be69dd7bb7721754
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-96581",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-26T14:25:41.244972Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-10-26T08:17:20.423",
"references": [
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-96581.html"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/2333d01ddf37e5909769a513059b27e3183331c5"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/c9f0cdb31e7c084def05f3f5be69dd7bb7721754"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-vw7c-67pf-gh96"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-96581"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-639"
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-11-02T16:21:50+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-96581",
"id": "CVE-2026-96581",
"initial_release_date": "2026-10-26T07:20:07.186000+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "ash: ash: Cross-tenant authorization bypass via unscoped upsert operations",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-96581.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-96581",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
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{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-26T14:25:41.244972Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T14:31:23.602Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Ets\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Mnesia\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/ash",
"product": "ash",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash/actions/create/create.ex",
"lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex",
"lib/ash/data_layer/ets/ets.ex",
"lib/ash/data_layer/mnesia/mnesia.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create\u0027:run/4"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Ets\u0027:upsert/4"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Mnesia\u0027:upsert/4"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.37.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.22.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Ets\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Mnesia\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash-project/ash",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash",
"product": "ash",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash/actions/create/create.ex",
"lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex",
"lib/ash/data_layer/ets/ets.ex",
"lib/ash/data_layer/mnesia/mnesia.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create\u0027:run/4"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk\u0027:run/5"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Ets\u0027:upsert/4"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Ash.DataLayer.Mnesia\u0027:upsert/4"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "c9f0cdb31e7c084def05f3f5be69dd7bb7721754",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2333d01ddf37e5909769a513059b27e3183331c5",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eReachable when a resource uses attribute multitenancy and exposes to callers of one tenant a create action with \u003ccode\u003eupsert? true\u003c/code\u003e that either upserts on the primary key (no \u003ccode\u003eupsert_identity\u003c/code\u003e) and accepts it, or upserts on an \u003ccode\u003eall_tenants?\u003c/code\u003e identity, and the caller knows or can enumerate a key belonging to another tenant (for example a serial integer id, or an id from a shared link or export).\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Reachable when a resource uses attribute multitenancy and exposes to callers of one tenant a create action with `upsert? true` that either upserts on the primary key (no `upsert_identity`) and accepts it, or upserts on an `all_tenants?` identity, and the caller knows or can enumerate a key belonging to another tenant (for example a serial integer id, or an id from a shared link or export)."
}
],
"value": "Reachable when a resource uses attribute multitenancy and exposes to callers of one tenant a create action with upsert? true that either upserts on the primary key (no upsert_identity) and accepts it, or upserts on an all_tenants? identity, and the caller knows or can enumerate a key belonging to another tenant (for example a serial integer id, or an id from a shared link or export)."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.37.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.22.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Will Townsend"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Will Townsend"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Zach Daniel / Ash Project"
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2026-10-26T05:14:04.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ash-project ash allows a user of one tenant to read, overwrite and take over another tenant\u0027s records via an upserting create action.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder attribute multitenancy, \u003ccode\u003eAsh.Actions.Create\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003elib/ash/actions/create/create.ex\u003c/code\u003e) and \u003ccode\u003eAsh.Actions.Create.Bulk\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003elib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex\u003c/code\u003e) upserted on the primary key, or on an \u003ccode\u003eall_tenants?\u003c/code\u003e identity, without scoping the conflicting record to the request\u0027s tenant. A caller of a create action with \u003ccode\u003eupsert? true\u003c/code\u003e that accepts the primary key, supplying a record id from another tenant, updated that record\u0027s upsert fields and received all of its attributes in the result. With the default upsert fields the tenant attribute was written too, moving the record into the caller\u0027s tenant. Read and update policies do not run for upserts, and tenant-scoped create policies pass because the tenant is the caller\u0027s own.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash: from 1.22.0 before 3.37.2.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ash-project ash allows a user of one tenant to read, overwrite and take over another tenant\u0027s records via an upserting create action.\n\nUnder attribute multitenancy, `Ash.Actions.Create` (`lib/ash/actions/create/create.ex`) and `Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk` (`lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex`) upserted on the primary key, or on an `all_tenants?` identity, without scoping the conflicting record to the request\u0027s tenant. A caller of a create action with `upsert? true` that accepts the primary key, supplying a record id from another tenant, updated that record\u0027s upsert fields and received all of its attributes in the result. With the default upsert fields the tenant attribute was written too, moving the record into the caller\u0027s tenant. Read and update policies do not run for upserts, and tenant-scoped create policies pass because the tenant is the caller\u0027s own.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 1.22.0 before 3.37.2."
}
],
"value": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ash-project ash allows a user of one tenant to read, overwrite and take over another tenant\u0027s records via an upserting create action.\n\nUnder attribute multitenancy, Ash.Actions.Create (lib/ash/actions/create/create.ex) and Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk (lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex) upserted on the primary key, or on an all_tenants? identity, without scoping the conflicting record to the request\u0027s tenant. A caller of a create action with upsert? true that accepts the primary key, supplying a record id from another tenant, updated that record\u0027s upsert fields and received all of its attributes in the result. With the default upsert fields the tenant attribute was written too, moving the record into the caller\u0027s tenant. Read and update policies do not run for upserts, and tenant-scoped create policies pass because the tenant is the caller\u0027s own.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 1.22.0 before 3.37.2."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-1",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eA signed-in user of one tenant posts another tenant\u0027s record id to an upserting create action, receives that record\u0027s attributes, overwrites its upsert fields, and with the default upsert fields moves it into their own tenant.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "A signed-in user of one tenant posts another tenant\u0027s record id to an upserting create action, receives that record\u0027s attributes, overwrites its upsert fields, and with the default upsert fields moves it into their own tenant."
}
],
"value": "A signed-in user of one tenant posts another tenant\u0027s record id to an upserting create action, receives that record\u0027s attributes, overwrites its upsert fields, and with the default upsert fields moves it into their own tenant."
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-639",
"description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T07:20:07.186Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "An upsert on the primary key in Ash ignores attribute multitenancy, so one tenant can read, overwrite and take over another tenant\u0027s records",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-vw7c-67pf-gh96"
},
{
"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-96581",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-96581.html"
},
{
"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-96581",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-96581"
},
{
"name": "Introducing commit 2333d01 in ash-project/ash",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/2333d01ddf37e5909769a513059b27e3183331c5"
},
{
"name": "Fix commit c9f0cdb in ash-project/ash",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/c9f0cdb31e7c084def05f3f5be69dd7bb7721754"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "An upsert on the primary key in Ash ignores attribute multitenancy, so one tenant can read, overwrite and take over another tenant\u0027s records",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAdd \u003ccode\u003eupsert_condition expr(\u0026lt;tenant attribute\u0026gt; == ^tenant())\u003c/code\u003e to every create action that upserts on the primary key or on an \u003ccode\u003eall_tenants?\u003c/code\u003e identity, and do not combine it with \u003ccode\u003ereturn_skipped_upsert?\u003c/code\u003e. An upsert into another tenant\u0027s record then fails with \u003ccode\u003eAsh.Error.Changes.StaleRecord\u003c/code\u003e (or is skipped in a bulk create) and leaves that record unchanged. This does not help on the Mnesia data layer, which ignores upsert conditions in affected versions.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Add `upsert_condition expr(\u003ctenant attribute\u003e == ^tenant())` to every create action that upserts on the primary key or on an `all_tenants?` identity, and do not combine it with `return_skipped_upsert?`. An upsert into another tenant\u0027s record then fails with `Ash.Error.Changes.StaleRecord` (or is skipped in a bulk create) and leaves that record unchanged. This does not help on the Mnesia data layer, which ignores upsert conditions in affected versions."
}
],
"value": "Add upsert_condition expr(\u003ctenant attribute\u003e == ^tenant()) to every create action that upserts on the primary key or on an all_tenants? identity, and do not combine it with return_skipped_upsert?. An upsert into another tenant\u0027s record then fails with Ash.Error.Changes.StaleRecord (or is skipped in a bulk create) and leaves that record unchanged. This does not help on the Mnesia data layer, which ignores upsert conditions in affected versions."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-96581",
"datePublished": "2026-10-26T07:20:07.186Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-25T17:30:02.206Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T14:35:19.745Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.