CVE-2026-74628 (GCVE-0-2026-74628)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 12:39
VLAI
Title
net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers The x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with timer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a cancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU. x25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall sk->sk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point. The following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still queued, and the next expiry uses freed memory. KASAN reports a slab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close(). timer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and x25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they would wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect(). Arm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer() so that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry handlers. Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true, since __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it. Arm the deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in x25_destroy_timer(). Reproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the window recurs. With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a report and /proc/net/x25 drains. Discovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee <baul.lee@xbow.com>
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6665 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < fdd9ac50b9b61ef2b2d52c5156aff788be91454d (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 1fc9f6d2c7c9fdb341bfe8ca449c990632299ea6 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 3c4919be5d910db4beebca420953858606fba7d8 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 4bc522b33438fefc3272840ae5988771863a4f1f (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.267 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.217 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.184 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.153 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.105 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.45 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.9 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers\n\nThe x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with\ntimer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a\ncancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU.\n\nx25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall\nsk-\u003esk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point.\nThe following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still\nqueued, and the next expiry uses freed memory.  KASAN reports a\nslab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close().\n\ntimer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and\nx25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they\nwould wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect().\n\nArm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer()\nso that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry\nhandlers.  Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true,\nsince __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it.  Arm\nthe deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in\nx25_destroy_timer().\n\nReproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the\nwindow recurs.  With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a\nreport and /proc/net/x25 drains.\n\nDiscovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - Remote X.25 frames reach x25_lapb_receive_frame() on init_net gateways, where unauthenticated CALL_REQUEST/CLEAR handling arms heartbeat timers and drives server socket teardown through __x25_destroy_socket() during close.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by opening/closing sockets or sending concurrent connect/clear traffic, repeatedly forcing __x25_destroy_socket() against sk_timer callbacks that re-arm via mod_timer().\nPR:N - X.25 call setup and clearing are unauthenticated on the wire; a remote peer can create sockets via CALL_REQUEST and force teardown without any local account or CAP_NET_ADMIN.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires no end-user action; automated server handling of remote X.25 connect/clear suffices to reach the vulnerable close/timer path.\nS:U - Impact stays within kernel memory via standard slab UAF on the AF_X25 socket object; this is not a guest/host or IOMMU boundary escape.\nC:H - KASAN reports slab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k socket freed by close(), and UAF on struct sock gives attacker-controlled reuse enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Use-after-free of the socket structure enables heap grooming and corrupting freed object contents for control-flow or arbitrary kernel writes/code execution.\nA:H - The freed socket timer expiry dereferences released memory and can oops/panic the kernel; UAF reliably threatens system availability even before full exploitation."
            }
          ]
        }
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74628",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:10.135Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.921Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T12:39:49.703Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
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      "date": "2026-10-14",
      "epss": "0.005",
      "percentile": "0.41316"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-24T02:01:05.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-74628",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-24T01:02:38.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-74628.json",
      "version": "5"
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      "cve": {
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        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers\n\nThe x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with\ntimer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a\ncancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU.\n\nx25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall\nsk-\u003esk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point.\nThe following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still\nqueued, and the next expiry uses freed memory.  KASAN reports a\nslab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close().\n\ntimer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and\nx25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they\nwould wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect().\n\nArm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer()\nso that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry\nhandlers.  Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true,\nsince __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it.  Arm\nthe deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in\nx25_destroy_timer().\n\nReproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the\nwindow recurs.  With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a\nreport and /proc/net/x25 drains.\n\nDiscovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e"
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet/x25: corregir uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n del socket por sus temporizadores\n\nLos temporizadores x25 se arman con mod_timer() y se cancelan con timer_delete(), por lo que un temporizador pendiente no mantiene ninguna referencia en el socket y una cancelaci\u00f3n no espera por una devoluci\u00f3n de llamada ya ejecut\u00e1ndose en otra CPU.\n\nx25_heartbeat_expiry() tambi\u00e9n rearma incondicionalmente, por lo que puede reinstalar sk -\u003e sk_timer despu\u00e9s de que __x25_destroy_socket() haya pasado su punto de cancelaci\u00f3n. La siguiente __sock_put() libera el socket mientras el temporizador todav\u00eda est\u00e1 en cola, y la siguiente expiraci\u00f3n usa memoria liberada. KASAN informa un uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n de slab en el objeto kmalloc-2k liberado por close().\n\ntimer_delete_sync() no puede usarse aqu\u00ed: x25_heartbeat_expiry() y x25_timer_expiry() ambos alcanzan las cancelaciones desde dentro del temporizador que esperar\u00edan, a trav\u00e9s de __x25_destroy_socket() y x25_disconnect().\n\nArmar los temporizadores con sk_reset_timer() y cancelarlos con sk_stop_timer() para que un temporizador armado posea una referencia, y liberarla en ambos manejadores de expiraci\u00f3n. Rearmar el latido solo mientras sk_hashed(sk) siga siendo verdadero, ya que __x25_destroy_socket() desvincula el socket antes de soltarlo. Armar el temporizador de destrucci\u00f3n diferida de la misma manera y soltar su referencia en x25_destroy_timer().\n\nReproducido en net con KASAN, con el per\u00edodo del latido acortado para que la ventana se repita. Con este parche el reproductor ya no activa un informe y /proc/net/x25 se vac\u00eda.\n\nDescubierto por XBOW, clasificado por Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-74628",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-14T13:10:00.187",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-08-22T16:16:35.737",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fc9f6d2c7c9fdb341bfe8ca449c990632299ea6"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c4919be5d910db4beebca420953858606fba7d8"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4bc522b33438fefc3272840ae5988771863a4f1f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fdd9ac50b9b61ef2b2d52c5156aff788be91454d"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-25T08:51:37+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "id": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-74628.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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