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CVE-2026-72112 (GCVE-0-2026-72112)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 05:52 – Updated: 2026-08-17 05:40
VLAI
Title
io_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops io_install_bpf() only rejects a second registration on the ctx side (ctx->bpf_ops) and sets the per-map back-pointer ops->priv unconditionally. The struct_ops link path never advances a map past BPF_STRUCT_OPS_STATE_READY, so the same io_uring_bpf_ops map can be registered more than once, and bpf_io_reg() re-resolves the target ring via fget(ops->ring_fd) on every call. A caller can therefore point the same ring_fd at a different io_ring_ctx between two BPF_LINK_CREATE calls. The second registration passes the ctx->bpf_ops check (the new ctx has none) and overwrites ops->priv, orphaning the first ctx. Teardown (io_eject_bpf()/bpf_io_unreg()) only reaches a ctx through ops->priv, so the orphaned ctx is never torn down: its ctx->loop_step keeps pointing into the struct_ops trampoline, which is freed once the map is gone. A later io_uring_enter() on the orphaned ring then calls the dangling ctx->loop_step from io_run_loop() -- a use-after-free of freed executable memory, reachable by a task with CAP_BPF + CAP_PERFMON. Reject registration when ops->priv is already set, as hid_bpf_reg() does for its struct_ops.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 98f37634b12b17ad5c56db8fb63cf9d7dc55d74c , < 0639ea767fe04c288a8d6cb826100fe3d95d4936 (git)
Affected: 98f37634b12b17ad5c56db8fb63cf9d7dc55d74c , < 3afc64c61ce906a04f073ca350b46de10e8302f9 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 7.1
Unaffected: 0 , < 7.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "io_uring/bpf-ops.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
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        }
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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          "nodes": [
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nio_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops\n\nio_install_bpf() only rejects a second registration on the ctx side\n(ctx-\u003ebpf_ops) and sets the per-map back-pointer ops-\u003epriv\nunconditionally. The struct_ops link path never advances a map past\nBPF_STRUCT_OPS_STATE_READY, so the same io_uring_bpf_ops map can be\nregistered more than once, and bpf_io_reg() re-resolves the target ring\nvia fget(ops-\u003ering_fd) on every call. A caller can therefore point the\nsame ring_fd at a different io_ring_ctx between two BPF_LINK_CREATE\ncalls.\n\nThe second registration passes the ctx-\u003ebpf_ops check (the new ctx has\nnone) and overwrites ops-\u003epriv, orphaning the first ctx. Teardown\n(io_eject_bpf()/bpf_io_unreg()) only reaches a ctx through ops-\u003epriv, so\nthe orphaned ctx is never torn down: its ctx-\u003eloop_step keeps pointing\ninto the struct_ops trampoline, which is freed once the map is gone. A\nlater io_uring_enter() on the orphaned ring then calls the dangling\nctx-\u003eloop_step from io_run_loop() -- a use-after-free of freed\nexecutable memory, reachable by a task with CAP_BPF + CAP_PERFMON.\n\nReject registration when ops-\u003epriv is already set, as hid_bpf_reg()\ndoes for its struct_ops."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through local bpf() syscalls (BPF_MAP_CREATE/UPDATE_ELEM, BPF_PROG_LOAD, BPF_LINK_CREATE) and io_uring_setup/io_uring_enter on an orphaned ring; per kernel guidance io_uring and BPF are Local attack vectors with no remote packet path.\nAC:L - Exploitation is fully deterministic and attacker-controlled: create two DEFER_TASKRUN rings, link the same struct_ops map twice after dup2 repointing ring_fd, free the map/link, then io_uring_enter on the orphaned ring; no race or conditions outside attacker control are required.\nPR:L - The commit requires CAP_BPF and CAP_PERFMON, but bpf_token_capable() can delegate these into non-init user namespaces via BPF tokens in containerized deployments, and io_uring is commonly available to local users; under uncertainty this is scored Low rather than High.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is needed; once the attacker has BPF and io_uring access they can perform every setup, teardown, and triggering step themselves without any other user opening files or taking action.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory and execution within the same kernel security authority (standard local privilege-escalation/memory-corruption class), not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-scope boundary.\nC:H - Orphaned ctx-\u003eloop_step retains a pointer into a freed BPF struct_ops trampoline page; executing or dereferencing that UAF can expose reclaimed slab contents and supports building arbitrary read primitives, so confidentiality impact is High per UAF guidance.\nI:H - The dangling loop_step calls freed executable trampoline memory from io_run_loop(); with heap grooming an attacker can reclaim those pages with controlled contents, enabling control-flow hijack and arbitrary kernel write, so integrity impact is High.\nA:H - Invoking the dangling ctx-\u003eloop_step after trampoline teardown causes use-after-free of executable kernel memory during io_uring_enter, which can reliably trigger kernel oops, BUG, or panic and is repeatable on demand."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:40:26.740Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0639ea767fe04c288a8d6cb826100fe3d95d4936"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3afc64c61ce906a04f073ca350b46de10e8302f9"
        }
      ],
      "title": "io_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72112",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:52:53.275Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.906Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:40:26.740Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-72112",
      "date": "2026-09-05",
      "epss": "0.00154",
      "percentile": "0.04822"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-72112\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-08-15T06:21:25.563\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-17T06:18:10.417\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nio_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops\\n\\nio_install_bpf() only rejects a second registration on the ctx side\\n(ctx-\u003ebpf_ops) and sets the per-map back-pointer ops-\u003epriv\\nunconditionally. The struct_ops link path never advances a map past\\nBPF_STRUCT_OPS_STATE_READY, so the same io_uring_bpf_ops map can be\\nregistered more than once, and bpf_io_reg() re-resolves the target ring\\nvia fget(ops-\u003ering_fd) on every call. A caller can therefore point the\\nsame ring_fd at a different io_ring_ctx between two BPF_LINK_CREATE\\ncalls.\\n\\nThe second registration passes the ctx-\u003ebpf_ops check (the new ctx has\\nnone) and overwrites ops-\u003epriv, orphaning the first ctx. Teardown\\n(io_eject_bpf()/bpf_io_unreg()) only reaches a ctx through ops-\u003epriv, so\\nthe orphaned ctx is never torn down: its ctx-\u003eloop_step keeps pointing\\ninto the struct_ops trampoline, which is freed once the map is gone. A\\nlater io_uring_enter() on the orphaned ring then calls the dangling\\nctx-\u003eloop_step from io_run_loop() -- a use-after-free of freed\\nexecutable memory, reachable by a task with CAP_BPF + CAP_PERFMON.\\n\\nReject registration when ops-\u003epriv is already set, as hid_bpf_reg()\\ndoes for its struct_ops.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"io_uring/bpf-ops.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"98f37634b12b17ad5c56db8fb63cf9d7dc55d74c\",\"lessThan\":\"0639ea767fe04c288a8d6cb826100fe3d95d4936\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"98f37634b12b17ad5c56db8fb63cf9d7dc55d74c\",\"lessThan\":\"3afc64c61ce906a04f073ca350b46de10e8302f9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"io_uring/bpf-ops.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"7.1\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"7.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1.5\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0639ea767fe04c288a8d6cb826100fe3d95d4936\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3afc64c61ce906a04f073ca350b46de10e8302f9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-17T22:44:54+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-72112",
      "id": "CVE-2026-72112",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: io_uring/bpf-ops: reject re-registration of an already-bound ops",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-72112.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


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