CVE-2026-72054 (GCVE-0-2026-72054)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 05:52 – Updated: 2026-10-19 21:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink
vti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the
tunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or
moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl
changelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a
caller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that
lives in t->net.
Gate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,
before any attribute is parsed.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 15:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699
(git)
Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15 (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03 (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394 (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724 (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68 (git) Affected: 895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e , < 95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.15 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.261 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.212 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.97 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.40 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-72054",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:50:59.364061Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.15"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.15",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.261",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.212",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.178",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.145",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.97",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.40",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.261",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.212",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.178",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t-\u003enet can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t-\u003enet.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.\nAC:L - Once a VTI device exists with t-\u003enet differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t-\u003enet is required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker\u0027s own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t-\u003enet via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker\u0027s net/user namespace into another tenant\u0027s or the host\u0027s network namespace.\nC:H - An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t-\u003enet, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the namespace boundary.\nA:H - Rewriting tunnel remote/local addresses, IPsec keys, or the underlay link breaks site-to-site IPsec VPN connectivity, causing sustained loss of service for every workload depending on the affected VTI tunnel."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:39:51.024Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"
}
],
"title": "net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-72054",
"datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:52:10.679Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.903Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-72054",
"date": "2026-10-20",
"epss": "0.0015",
"percentile": "0.03825"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.15"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.15",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.261",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.212",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.178",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.145",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.97",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.40",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t-\u003enet can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t-\u003enet.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-72054",
"lastModified": "2026-10-19T22:17:24.453",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.0,
"impactScore": 6.0,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-72054",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:50:59.364061Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-08-15T06:21:14.760",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Received",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-862"
}
],
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-10-06T19:34:01+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-72054",
"id": "CVE-2026-72054",
"initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "261",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-72054.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-72054",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:50:59.364061Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T15:50:59.905Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425",
"status": "affected",
"version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.15"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.15",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.261",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.212",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.178",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.145",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.97",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.40",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.261",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.212",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.178",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.15",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t-\u003enet can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t-\u003enet.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.\nAC:L - Once a VTI device exists with t-\u003enet differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t-\u003enet is required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker\u0027s own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t-\u003enet via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker\u0027s net/user namespace into another tenant\u0027s or the host\u0027s network namespace.\nC:H - An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t-\u003enet, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the namespace boundary.\nA:H - Rewriting tunnel remote/local addresses, IPsec keys, or the underlay link breaks site-to-site IPsec VPN connectivity, causing sustained loss of service for every workload depending on the affected VTI tunnel."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:39:51.024Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"
}
],
"title": "net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-72054",
"datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:52:10.679Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.903Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.