Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-57210 (GCVE-0-2026-57210)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 12:28 – Updated: 2026-10-23 12:28

Title

Heimdall: IP Spoofing via Unvalidated Forwarding Headers

Summary

Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.17, when the trusted_proxies option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the Forwarded (for= parameter) and X-Forwarded-For headers and exposes them as Request.ClientIPAddresses to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 unknown values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks. In addition, the Forwarded header parser splits on , and ; without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments — including trailing quote characters — treated as independent addresses. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.17.

Severity

7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7761 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
dadrus	heimdall	Affected: < 0.17.17	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
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      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "heimdall",
          "vendor": "dadrus",
          "versions": [
            {
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          "value": "Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.17, when the trusted_proxies option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the Forwarded (for= parameter) and X-Forwarded-For headers and exposes them as Request.ClientIPAddresses to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 unknown values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks. In addition, the Forwarded header parser splits on , and ; without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments \u2014 including trailing quote characters \u2014 treated as independent addresses. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.17."
        }
      ],
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            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
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            "version": "4.0",
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            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
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      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-20: Improper Input Validation",
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            }
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            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-290: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
              "lang": "en",
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            }
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        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-23T12:28:09.427Z",
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        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
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          "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advisories/GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v0.17.17",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v0.17.17"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Heimdall: IP Spoofing via Unvalidated Forwarding Headers"
    }
  },
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    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-57210",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-23T12:28:09.427Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-24T02:00:46.801Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-23T12:28:09.427Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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                "product": "heimdall",
                "vendor": "dadrus",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 0.17.17"
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            "value": "Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.17, when the trusted_proxies option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the Forwarded (for= parameter) and X-Forwarded-For headers and exposes them as Request.ClientIPAddresses to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 unknown values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks. In addition, the Forwarded header parser splits on , and ; without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments \u2014 including trailing quote characters \u2014 treated as independent addresses. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.17."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-57210",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-23T19:57:42.660",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
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              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
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                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-23T13:17:11.847",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v0.17.17"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advisories/GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-20"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-116"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-290"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-57210

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-23 13:17 - Updated: 2026-10-23 19:57

Severity

7.0 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v0.17.17
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advisories/GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "heimdall",
          "vendor": "dadrus",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.17.17"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.17, when the trusted_proxies option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the Forwarded (for= parameter) and X-Forwarded-For headers and exposes them as Request.ClientIPAddresses to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 unknown values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks. In addition, the Forwarded header parser splits on , and ; without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments \u2014 including trailing quote characters \u2014 treated as independent addresses. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.17."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-57210",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-23T19:57:42.660",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.0,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-23T13:17:11.847",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v0.17.17"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advisories/GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-20"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-116"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-290"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-38X9-25WX-7FG2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 14:24 – Updated: 2026-07-20 21:28

Summary

Heimdall: IP Spoofing via Unvalidated Forwarding Headers

Details

Summary

When the trusted_proxies option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the Forwarded (for= parameter) and X-Forwarded-For headers and exposes them as Request.ClientIPAddresses to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 unknown values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks. In addition, the Forwarded header parser splits on , and ; without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments — including trailing quote characters — treated as independent addresses.

Impact

Request.ClientIPAddresses is available to all pipeline mechanisms. Its contents can therefore influence rule evaluation in deployments where rules reference this property — for example, in a CEL authorizer that checks whether a request originates from a trusted IP range using the networks() function, or in a Remote authorizer that forwards the client IP as part of its payload to an external authorization system. Whether and how Request.ClientIPAddresses is used is entirely determined by the rule configuration.

Additionally, in proxy mode, Request.ClientIPAddresses is used directly to construct the X-Forwarded-For and Forwarded headers forwarded to upstream services. Injected or malformed values are therefore propagated to upstream services unchanged.

Attack Scenarios

All scenarios require that trusted_proxies is configured. If this option is not set, heimdall ignores forwarding headers entirely, and this vulnerability is not exploitable. Scenarios A and C (see below) additionally require that rules reference Request.ClientIPAddresses in their pipeline.

Scenario A – Manipulation of rule evaluation

An attacker who can influence forwarding headers — either by connecting directly to heimdall or through a proxy that does not sanitize these headers — can inject arbitrary values into Request.ClientIPAddresses. In deployments where a rule references this property (e.g. to restrict access to specific IP ranges), this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended access control logic.

Scenario B – IP spoofing against upstream services (proxy mode)

In proxy mode, injected or malformed values in Request.ClientIPAddresses are written unchanged into the X-Forwarded-For header sent to upstream services. Upstream services that trust this header may therefore receive and act on attacker-controlled IP values.

Scenario C – Malformed entries via quoted-string misparse

A Forwarded header containing a quoted value with embedded delimiters (, or ;) is misparsed, producing unintended additional entries in Request.ClientIPAddresses, including malformed fragments with trailing quote characters.

Workarounds

Ensure at the network level that only trusted proxies can communicate directly with heimdall.
Ensure that the proxy forwarding the requests to heimdall sanitizes or overrides (not merely appends to) Forwarded or X-Forwarded-For headers before forwarding them.
Avoid relying on Request.ClientIPAddresses for security-sensitive decisions until patched

Severity

7.0 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.17.16"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.17.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57210"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T14:24:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWhen the `trusted_proxies` option is configured, heimdall extracts client IP addresses from the `Forwarded` (`for=` parameter) and `X-Forwarded-For` headers and exposes them as `Request.ClientIPAddresses` to the rule pipeline. However, extracted values are not validated to be syntactically valid IP addresses. Arbitrary strings, malformed IP literals, and RFC 7239 `unknown` values and obfuscated identifiers are accepted without further checks.\nIn addition, the `Forwarded` header parser splits on `,` and `;` without accounting for RFC 7239 quoted strings, which can cause a single quoted value to be parsed as multiple entries, with fragments \u2014 including trailing quote characters \u2014 treated as independent addresses.\n\n### Impact\n\n`Request.ClientIPAddresses` is available to all pipeline mechanisms. Its contents can therefore influence rule evaluation in deployments where rules reference this property \u2014 for example, in a `CEL` authorizer that checks whether a request originates from a trusted IP range using the `networks()` function, or in a `Remote` authorizer that forwards the client IP as part of its payload to an external authorization system. Whether and how `Request.ClientIPAddresses` is used is entirely determined by the rule configuration.\n\nAdditionally, in proxy mode, `Request.ClientIPAddresses` is used directly to construct the `X-Forwarded-For` and `Forwarded` headers forwarded to upstream services. Injected or malformed values are therefore propagated to upstream services unchanged.\n\n### Attack Scenarios\n\nAll scenarios require that `trusted_proxies` is configured. If this option is not set, heimdall ignores forwarding headers entirely, and this vulnerability is not exploitable. Scenarios A and C  (see below) additionally require that rules reference `Request.ClientIPAddresses` in their pipeline.\n\n#### Scenario A \u2013 Manipulation of rule evaluation\n\nAn attacker who can influence forwarding headers \u2014 either by connecting directly to heimdall or through a proxy that does not sanitize these headers \u2014 can inject arbitrary values into `Request.ClientIPAddresses`. In deployments where a rule references this property (e.g. to restrict access to specific IP ranges), this may allow an attacker to bypass the intended access control logic.\n\n#### Scenario B \u2013 IP spoofing against upstream services (proxy mode)\n\nIn proxy mode, injected or malformed values in `Request.ClientIPAddresses` are written unchanged into the `X-Forwarded-For` header sent to upstream services. Upstream services that trust this header may therefore receive and act on attacker-controlled IP values.\n\n#### Scenario C \u2013 Malformed entries via quoted-string misparse\n\nA `Forwarded` header containing a quoted value with embedded delimiters (`,` or `;`) is misparsed, producing unintended additional entries in `Request.ClientIPAddresses`, including malformed fragments with trailing quote characters.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n* Ensure at the network level that only trusted proxies can communicate directly with heimdall.\n* Ensure that the proxy forwarding the requests to heimdall sanitizes or overrides (not merely appends to) `Forwarded` or `X-Forwarded-For` headers before forwarding them.\n* Avoid relying on `Request.ClientIPAddresses` for security-sensitive decisions until patched",
  "id": "GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2",
  "modified": "2026-07-20T21:28:51Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T14:24:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advisories/GHSA-38x9-25wx-7fg2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Heimdall: IP Spoofing via Unvalidated Forwarding Headers"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-57210 (GCVE-0-2026-57210)

FKIE_CVE-2026-57210

GHSA-38X9-25WX-7FG2

Summary

Impact

Attack Scenarios

Scenario A – Manipulation of rule evaluation

Scenario B – IP spoofing against upstream services (proxy mode)

Scenario C – Malformed entries via quoted-string misparse

Workarounds

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour