CVE-2026-114610 (GCVE-0-2026-114610)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 17:21 – Updated: 2026-10-22 17:21
VLAI
Title
fpdf2: Exponential SVG '<use>' expansion causes CPU and memory exhaustion in 'FPDF.image()'
Summary
fpdf2 is a PDF creation library for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.8.8, fpdf2's SVGObject.build_xref() passes nested SVG <use> references to GraphicsContext.add_item(), whose default clone=True deep-copy behavior copies the complete referenced graphics tree during FPDF.image() processing. Repeating references at each nesting level makes the in-memory object count and processing work grow exponentially, allowing a small user-controlled SVG to consume excessive CPU and memory, raise MemoryError, fail PDF generation jobs, and reduce or exhaust worker capacity. ResourceAccessPolicy does not prevent the issue because the references are inline and require no external resource, XML entity, local file, or permissive network setting. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.8.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7761 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
py-pdf fpdf2 Affected: >= 2.5.0, < 2.8.8
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "fpdf2",
          "vendor": "py-pdf",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.5.0, \u003c 2.8.8"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "fpdf2 is a PDF creation library for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.8.8, fpdf2\u0027s SVGObject.build_xref() passes nested SVG \u003cuse\u003e references to GraphicsContext.add_item(), whose default clone=True deep-copy behavior copies the complete referenced graphics tree during FPDF.image() processing. Repeating references at each nesting level makes the in-memory object count and processing work grow exponentially, allowing a small user-controlled SVG to consume excessive CPU and memory, raise MemoryError, fail PDF generation jobs, and reduce or exhaust worker capacity. ResourceAccessPolicy does not prevent the issue because the references are inline and require no external resource, XML entity, local file, or permissive network setting. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.8."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-22T17:21:11.788Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-wqw6-wpr3-45rh",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-wqw6-wpr3-45rh"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/pull/1889",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/pull/1889"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/commit/d7bd1061205d50da6a541dadfdb9d66beb763f2f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/commit/d7bd1061205d50da6a541dadfdb9d66beb763f2f"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/releases/tag/2.8.8",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/releases/tag/2.8.8"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-wqw6-wpr3-45rh",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "fpdf2: Exponential SVG \u0027\u003cuse\u003e\u0027 expansion causes CPU and memory exhaustion in \u0027FPDF.image()\u0027"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-114610",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-22T17:21:11.788Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-21T20:34:25.599Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-22T17:21:11.788Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-114610",
      "date": "2026-10-24",
      "epss": "0.00305",
      "percentile": "0.22135"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "fpdf2",
                "vendor": "py-pdf",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 2.5.0, \u003c 2.8.8"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "fpdf2 is a PDF creation library for Python. From 2.5.0 until 2.8.8, fpdf2\u0027s SVGObject.build_xref() passes nested SVG \u003cuse\u003e references to GraphicsContext.add_item(), whose default clone=True deep-copy behavior copies the complete referenced graphics tree during FPDF.image() processing. Repeating references at each nesting level makes the in-memory object count and processing work grow exponentially, allowing a small user-controlled SVG to consume excessive CPU and memory, raise MemoryError, fail PDF generation jobs, and reduce or exhaust worker capacity. ResourceAccessPolicy does not prevent the issue because the references are inline and require no external resource, XML entity, local file, or permissive network setting. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.8."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-114610",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-23T19:42:24.553",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 6.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-22T18:17:28.227",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/commit/d7bd1061205d50da6a541dadfdb9d66beb763f2f"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/pull/1889"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/releases/tag/2.8.8"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/fpdf2/security/advisories/GHSA-wqw6-wpr3-45rh"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-400"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-770"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}



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