CVE-2025-40242 (GCVE-0-2025-40242)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock
In gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the
DFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn't been released,
yet. In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast().
To prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the
glock if the lockspace has actually been released.
Severity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d
(git)
Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1 (git) Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641 (git) Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40 (git) Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81 (git) Affected: 6aa628c45875e7b8cca81ed9447a12a0e8f3504a (git) Affected: a97e75203733be0a4263a78fb7b29352be150c1c (git) Affected: 3554b46204e67333e1fb8be0e93936fb08267c80 (git) Affected: 5cff77b9827a956d076168b56775aad23bce87e4 (git) Affected: 8deedce385d220f90e435f534d71d27526273515 (git) Affected: 2225a5cd2fbc2ef0e0f78e585db3844f60416a39 (git) Affected: 02e838963fdaa6ce8570b5389aecdc6cf1fb40b0 (git) Affected: 01eb3106f43335fdc02111358dae80a5c3fd324d (git) Affected: 4.4.284 , < 4.5 (semver) Affected: 4.9.283 , < 4.10 (semver) Affected: 4.14.247 , < 4.15 (semver) Affected: 4.19.207 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.4.148 , < 5.5 (semver) Affected: 5.10.67 , < 5.11 (semver) Affected: 5.13.19 , < 5.14 (semver) Affected: 5.14.6 , < 5.15 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.131 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock\n\nIn gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the\nDFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn\u0027t been released,\nyet. In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast().\nTo prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the\nglock if the lockspace has actually been released."
}
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"version": "3.1"
},
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The window is opened by a local umount or a local filesystem withdraw, and the glock free is performed by local filesystem activity (inode eviction, glock shrinker, `glock_work_func`); the DLM bast that dereferences the freed object comes from an authenticated cluster peer on a private interconnect and cannot by itself create the dangling pointer. There is no network-facing service path into `gdlm_put_lock()`.\nAC:H - Exploitation requires winning a race whose opening the attacker does not control \u2014 `DFL_UNMOUNT` is set only by a root-driven umount or an error-driven withdraw \u2014 and additionally requires a DLM ast/bast for that exact resource to arrive after the free but before `dlm_release_lockspace()` completes, plus slab reuse after the RCU grace period. The author explicitly characterises it as an \"unlikely race\" in a \"small window of time\".\nPR:L - Once the teardown window is open (via administrator umount, cluster-manager failover, or a withdraw provoked by storage errors), an ordinary unprivileged user with access to the GFS2 mount drives the vulnerable side: normal file operations force glock disposal through `__gfs2_glock_put \u2192 lm_put_lock`, and creating inodes sprays `gfs2_glock_cachep` to groom the freed object. No capability check exists anywhere on that path.\nUI:N - The attacker only performs ordinary file operations on an already-mounted GFS2 filesystem; no victim must open a file, mount media, or take any deliberate action. The privileged unmount/withdraw is an environmental system state, accounted for in Attack Complexity rather than user interaction.\nS:U - The freed `struct gfs2_glock`, the DLM callback that writes into it, and any resulting corruption all live in the host kernel\u0027s own security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a slab object whose contents the attacker can groom by reallocating glocks, and `gdlm_ast()` reads `gl-\u003egl_flags`, `gl-\u003egl_dstamp`, `gl-\u003egl_name.ln_type` and the `gl-\u003egl_name.ln_sbd` pointer out of the freed memory before the dead-lockref guard, using `ln_sbd` as a dereference target \u2014 giving an attacker-steerable kernel read primitive.\nI:H - Three distinct writes hit the freed object: DLM\u0027s `lksb-\u003esb_status`/`sb_flags` stores, `clear_bit(GLF_BLOCKING, \u0026gl-\u003egl_flags)`, and `gfs2_update_stats(\u0026gl-\u003egl_stats, ...)`; worse, `this_cpu_ptr(gl-\u003egl_name.ln_sbd-\u003esd_lkstats)` turns a groomed pointer in the freed object into the destination of a read-modify-write, and a surviving lockref check leads into `gfs2_glock_complete()` and `gl-\u003egl_ops` indirect calls \u2014 a control-flow hijack path.\nA:H - Dereferencing a freed glock from the DLM callback workqueue produces KASAN splats, oopses on garbage `ln_sbd`/`gl_ops` pointers, and `BUG()` in `gdlm_bast()` on an unrecognised mode, panicking the node. On a clustered filesystem, crashing the node also triggers fencing and cluster-wide recovery."
}
]
}
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81"
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"title": "gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-40242",
"datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:31.497Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:46.271Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
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"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
"date": "2026-09-21",
"epss": "0.00145",
"percentile": "0.04162"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-12-09T01:38:38.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40242",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40242.json",
"version": "3"
},
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{
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"version": "6.12.56",
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},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock\n\nIn gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the\nDFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn\u0027t been released,\nyet. In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast().\nTo prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the\nglock if the lockspace has actually been released."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40242",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:19.547",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.0,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-04T16:16:17.390",
"references": [
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"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:38:10+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
"id": "CVE-2025-40242",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "198",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "76",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40242.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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