CVE-2025-40242 (GCVE-0-2025-40242)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08
VLAI
Title
gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock In gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the DFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn't been released, yet. In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast(). To prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the glock if the lockspace has actually been released.
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d (git)
Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1 (git)
Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641 (git)
Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40 (git)
Affected: d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857 , < 28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81 (git)
Affected: 6aa628c45875e7b8cca81ed9447a12a0e8f3504a (git)
Affected: a97e75203733be0a4263a78fb7b29352be150c1c (git)
Affected: 3554b46204e67333e1fb8be0e93936fb08267c80 (git)
Affected: 5cff77b9827a956d076168b56775aad23bce87e4 (git)
Affected: 8deedce385d220f90e435f534d71d27526273515 (git)
Affected: 2225a5cd2fbc2ef0e0f78e585db3844f60416a39 (git)
Affected: 02e838963fdaa6ce8570b5389aecdc6cf1fb40b0 (git)
Affected: 01eb3106f43335fdc02111358dae80a5c3fd324d (git)
Affected: 4.4.284 , < 4.5 (semver)
Affected: 4.9.283 , < 4.10 (semver)
Affected: 4.14.247 , < 4.15 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.207 , < 4.20 (semver)
Affected: 5.4.148 , < 5.5 (semver)
Affected: 5.10.67 , < 5.11 (semver)
Affected: 5.13.19 , < 5.14 (semver)
Affected: 5.14.6 , < 5.15 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.131 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.56 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.6 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Show details on NVD website

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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock\n\nIn gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the\nDFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn\u0027t been released,\nyet.  In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast().\nTo prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the\nglock if the lockspace has actually been released."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The window is opened by a local umount or a local filesystem withdraw, and the glock free is performed by local filesystem activity (inode eviction, glock shrinker, `glock_work_func`); the DLM bast that dereferences the freed object comes from an authenticated cluster peer on a private interconnect and cannot by itself create the dangling pointer. There is no network-facing service path into `gdlm_put_lock()`.\nAC:H - Exploitation requires winning a race whose opening the attacker does not control \u2014 `DFL_UNMOUNT` is set only by a root-driven umount or an error-driven withdraw \u2014 and additionally requires a DLM ast/bast for that exact resource to arrive after the free but before `dlm_release_lockspace()` completes, plus slab reuse after the RCU grace period. The author explicitly characterises it as an \"unlikely race\" in a \"small window of time\".\nPR:L - Once the teardown window is open (via administrator umount, cluster-manager failover, or a withdraw provoked by storage errors), an ordinary unprivileged user with access to the GFS2 mount drives the vulnerable side: normal file operations force glock disposal through `__gfs2_glock_put \u2192 lm_put_lock`, and creating inodes sprays `gfs2_glock_cachep` to groom the freed object. No capability check exists anywhere on that path.\nUI:N - The attacker only performs ordinary file operations on an already-mounted GFS2 filesystem; no victim must open a file, mount media, or take any deliberate action. The privileged unmount/withdraw is an environmental system state, accounted for in Attack Complexity rather than user interaction.\nS:U - The freed `struct gfs2_glock`, the DLM callback that writes into it, and any resulting corruption all live in the host kernel\u0027s own security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a slab object whose contents the attacker can groom by reallocating glocks, and `gdlm_ast()` reads `gl-\u003egl_flags`, `gl-\u003egl_dstamp`, `gl-\u003egl_name.ln_type` and the `gl-\u003egl_name.ln_sbd` pointer out of the freed memory before the dead-lockref guard, using `ln_sbd` as a dereference target \u2014 giving an attacker-steerable kernel read primitive.\nI:H - Three distinct writes hit the freed object: DLM\u0027s `lksb-\u003esb_status`/`sb_flags` stores, `clear_bit(GLF_BLOCKING, \u0026gl-\u003egl_flags)`, and `gfs2_update_stats(\u0026gl-\u003egl_stats, ...)`; worse, `this_cpu_ptr(gl-\u003egl_name.ln_sbd-\u003esd_lkstats)` turns a groomed pointer in the freed object into the destination of a read-modify-write, and a surviving lockref check leads into `gfs2_glock_complete()` and `gl-\u003egl_ops` indirect calls \u2014 a control-flow hijack path.\nA:H - Dereferencing a freed glock from the DLM callback workqueue produces KASAN splats, oopses on garbage `ln_sbd`/`gl_ops` pointers, and `BUG()` in `gdlm_bast()` on an unrecognised mode, panicking the node. On a clustered filesystem, crashing the node also triggers fencing and cluster-wide recovery."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:46.271Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81"
        }
      ],
      "title": "gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40242",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-04T15:31:31.497Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.181Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:46.271Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
      "date": "2026-08-07",
      "epss": "0.00142",
      "percentile": "0.03965"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-12-09T01:38:38.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40242",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40242.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40242\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-12-04T16:16:17.390\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:19.547\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ngfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock\\n\\nIn gdlm_put_lock(), there is a small window of time in which the\\nDFL_UNMOUNT flag has been set but the lockspace hasn\u0027t been released,\\nyet.  In that window, dlm may still call gdlm_ast() and gdlm_bast().\\nTo prevent it from dereferencing freed glock objects, only free the\\nglock if the lockspace has actually been released.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/gfs2/lock_dlm.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857\",\"lessThan\":\"5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857\",\"lessThan\":\"4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857\",\"lessThan\":\"279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857\",\"lessThan\":\"64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d1340f80f0b8066321b499a376780da00560e857\",\"lessThan\":\"28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"6aa628c45875e7b8cca81ed9447a12a0e8f3504a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a97e75203733be0a4263a78fb7b29352be150c1c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3554b46204e67333e1fb8be0e93936fb08267c80\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5cff77b9827a956d076168b56775aad23bce87e4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8deedce385d220f90e435f534d71d27526273515\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"2225a5cd2fbc2ef0e0f78e585db3844f60416a39\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"02e838963fdaa6ce8570b5389aecdc6cf1fb40b0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"01eb3106f43335fdc02111358dae80a5c3fd324d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.4.284\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.9.283\",\"lessThan\":\"4.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.14.247\",\"lessThan\":\"4.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.207\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.148\",\"lessThan\":\"5.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.67\",\"lessThan\":\"5.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.13.19\",\"lessThan\":\"5.14\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.14.6\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/gfs2/lock_dlm.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.15\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.168\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.131\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.56\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/279bde3bbb0ac0bad5c729dfa85983d75a5d7641\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28c4d9bc0708956c1a736a9e49fee71b65deee81\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4913592a3358f6ec366b8346b733d5e2360b08e1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5fdc1474e678eea1700aa266c0b7c2c96f81dd0d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64c61b4ac645222fa7b724cef616c1f862a72a40\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:38:10+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40242",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40242",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "198",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "76",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: gfs2: Fix unlikely race in gdlm_put_lock",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40242.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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