CVE-2025-40051 (GCVE-0-2025-40051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 11:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check
The return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can't be negative,
check whether the copied lengths are equal.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b
(git)
Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < 78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d (git) Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1 (git) Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3 (git) Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < 82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.0 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.156 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.112 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.53 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.0",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.156",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.112",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.53",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.156",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvhost: vringh: Modify the return value check\n\nThe return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can\u0027t be negative,\ncheck whether the copied lengths are equal."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable vringh IOTLB copy path is driven entirely through local ioctls on the `/dev/vhost-vdpa-N` character device (VHOST_IOTLB_UPDATE, vring setup, kick), with no network-facing consumer. A malicious guest cannot trigger it because it cannot unmap the host-side VA backing, so the attacker must be a local process.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically forces the short copy by registering an IOTLB mapping over a shared file mapping and then truncating/unmapping it, so `copy_from_user` faults at a chosen offset every time \u2014 no race or unpredictable state is involved. The stale-stack values feeding `hdr.sector` and `struct vring_desc` are groomable with ordinary syscalls.\nPR:L - `vhost_vdpa_open()` and the vhost-vdpa ioctl handlers contain no `capable()`/`CAP_*` checks, so any user holding the device node can drive the full path, and in standard virtualization deployments that node is granted to an unprivileged VMM process. Only device *creation* needs admin, which is the normal host configuration, not an attacker step.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 map, truncate, kick the virtqueue \u2014 within its own process. No victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The corruption and disclosure occur in the host kernel that already governs the attacking process; this is standard local kernel compromise. No IOMMU, VM, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed by the bug itself.\nC:H - A silently-swallowed short pull causes `vdpasim_net_work()` to push a full PAGE_SIZE of the non-zeroed `kvmalloc` buffer `net-\u003ebuffer` into the attacker\u0027s RX ring, directly disclosing stale kernel heap. Additionally the uninitialized `hdr.sector` drives `vringh_iov_push_iotlb(..., blk-\u003ebuffer + offset, ...)` past the wrapped `VDPASIM_BLK_CAPACITY - start_sector` guard, giving an out-of-bounds kernel heap read echoed back to the attacker.\nI:H - In `vdpasim_blk_handle_req()` the uninitialized stack `hdr.sector` becomes the destination offset for `vringh_iov_pull_iotlb(..., blk-\u003ebuffer + (sector \u003c\u003c SECTOR_SHIFT), to_pull)`, an out-of-bounds kernel heap write of attacker-supplied data at a groomable offset. `__vringh_iov()` likewise builds iov entries whose `iov_base`/`iov_len` come from uninitialized kernel stack, giving further attacker-influenced memory corruption.\nA:H - Descriptors and request headers fabricated from uninitialized kernel stack yield bogus IOVAs and lengths up to 4 GB, and the resulting out-of-bounds heap accesses and invalid `pfn_to_page()`/page translations cause kernel oops or panic. The condition is repeatable at will from a single unprivileged process."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:22.761Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b"
}
],
"title": "vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40051",
"datePublished": "2025-10-28T11:48:27.279Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.157Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:22.761Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
"date": "2026-09-24",
"epss": "0.00154",
"percentile": "0.03794"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-10-29T01:02:54.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40051",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "1",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40051.json",
"version": "1"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.0",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.156",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.112",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.53",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvhost: vringh: Modify the return value check\n\nThe return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can\u0027t be negative,\ncheck whether the copied lengths are equal."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40051",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:08.410",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-10-28T12:15:39.273",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:53:18+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
"id": "CVE-2025-40051",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-28T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "184",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40051.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…