CVE-2025-40051 (GCVE-0-2025-40051)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 11:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07
VLAI
Title
vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check The return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can't be negative, check whether the copied lengths are equal.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b (git)
Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < 78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d (git)
Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1 (git)
Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3 (git)
Affected: 309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0 , < 82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.156 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.112 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.53 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
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              "version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "version": "309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
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        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/vhost/vringh.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.156",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.112",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.53",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.156",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
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                }
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvhost: vringh: Modify the return value check\n\nThe return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can\u0027t be negative,\ncheck whether the copied lengths are equal."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable vringh IOTLB copy path is driven entirely through local ioctls on the `/dev/vhost-vdpa-N` character device (VHOST_IOTLB_UPDATE, vring setup, kick), with no network-facing consumer. A malicious guest cannot trigger it because it cannot unmap the host-side VA backing, so the attacker must be a local process.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically forces the short copy by registering an IOTLB mapping over a shared file mapping and then truncating/unmapping it, so `copy_from_user` faults at a chosen offset every time \u2014 no race or unpredictable state is involved. The stale-stack values feeding `hdr.sector` and `struct vring_desc` are groomable with ordinary syscalls.\nPR:L - `vhost_vdpa_open()` and the vhost-vdpa ioctl handlers contain no `capable()`/`CAP_*` checks, so any user holding the device node can drive the full path, and in standard virtualization deployments that node is granted to an unprivileged VMM process. Only device *creation* needs admin, which is the normal host configuration, not an attacker step.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 map, truncate, kick the virtqueue \u2014 within its own process. No victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The corruption and disclosure occur in the host kernel that already governs the attacking process; this is standard local kernel compromise. No IOMMU, VM, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed by the bug itself.\nC:H - A silently-swallowed short pull causes `vdpasim_net_work()` to push a full PAGE_SIZE of the non-zeroed `kvmalloc` buffer `net-\u003ebuffer` into the attacker\u0027s RX ring, directly disclosing stale kernel heap. Additionally the uninitialized `hdr.sector` drives `vringh_iov_push_iotlb(..., blk-\u003ebuffer + offset, ...)` past the wrapped `VDPASIM_BLK_CAPACITY - start_sector` guard, giving an out-of-bounds kernel heap read echoed back to the attacker.\nI:H - In `vdpasim_blk_handle_req()` the uninitialized stack `hdr.sector` becomes the destination offset for `vringh_iov_pull_iotlb(..., blk-\u003ebuffer + (sector \u003c\u003c SECTOR_SHIFT), to_pull)`, an out-of-bounds kernel heap write of attacker-supplied data at a groomable offset. `__vringh_iov()` likewise builds iov entries whose `iov_base`/`iov_len` come from uninitialized kernel stack, giving further attacker-influenced memory corruption.\nA:H - Descriptors and request headers fabricated from uninitialized kernel stack yield bogus IOVAs and lengths up to 4 GB, and the resulting out-of-bounds heap accesses and invalid `pfn_to_page()`/page translations cause kernel oops or panic. The condition is repeatable at will from a single unprivileged process."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:22.761Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b"
        }
      ],
      "title": "vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40051",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-28T11:48:27.279Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.157Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:22.761Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
      "date": "2026-08-08",
      "epss": "0.00154",
      "percentile": "0.05051"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-10-29T01:02:54.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40051",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40051.json",
      "version": "1"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40051\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-28T12:15:39.273\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:24:08.410\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nvhost: vringh: Modify the return value check\\n\\nThe return value of copy_from_iter and copy_to_iter can\u0027t be negative,\\ncheck whether the copied lengths are equal.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/vhost/vringh.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0\",\"lessThan\":\"db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0\",\"lessThan\":\"78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0\",\"lessThan\":\"baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0\",\"lessThan\":\"cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"309bba39c945ac8ab8083ac05cd6cfe5822968e0\",\"lessThan\":\"82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/vhost/vringh.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.156\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.112\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.53\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17.3\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.17.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78dc7362662fedaa1928fb8e4f27401c8322905d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82a8d0fda55b35361ee7f35b54fa2b66d7847d2b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa37b1c7e29546f79c39bef0d18c4edc9f39bb1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfa0654402c06d086201a9ff167eb95da5844fc3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db042925a5ab7a550b710addeadbf6f72e3a8a4b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:53:18+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40051",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40051",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40051.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.