CVE-2025-40000 (GCVE-0-2025-40000)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:59 – Updated: 2026-10-15 22:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()
There is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to
access already freed skb_data:
BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110
CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025
Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]
Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):
rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110
rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338
rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979
rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165
rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141
rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012
rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059
rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241
worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache
allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):
__alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659
__netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734
ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844
rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431
rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338
rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979
rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165
rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194
rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012
rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059
rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241
worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):
ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117
rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564
rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651
rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676
rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238
__napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495
net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684
handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580
do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480
__local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407
rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927
irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133
irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
It is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side
of the completion:
Waiting thread Completing thread
rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()
rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data->wait, wait)
/* start waiting */
wait_for_completion_timeout()
rtw89_pci_tx_status()
rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()
rcu_read_lock()
/* signals completion and
---truncated---
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:56 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < 895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145
(git)
Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4 (git) Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6 (git) Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < 3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.4 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.52 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.12 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.1 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-40000",
"options": [
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:06.548644Z",
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"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:36.100Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
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{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
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{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.4",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.52",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.12",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
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"cpeMatch": [
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.52",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
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{
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nThere is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to\naccess already freed skb_data:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache\n\n allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nIt is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side\nof the completion:\n\n Waiting thread Completing thread\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n /* start waiting */\n wait_for_completion_timeout()\n rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()\n rcu_read_lock()\n /* signals completion and\n \n---truncated---"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:A - The bug lives in the rtw89 WiFi driver and is armed/timed by over-the-air events \u2014 scan completion after deauth-forced reconnects, MCC beacon-loss probing, and medium congestion that shifts nullfunc TX-status latency into the 30 ms timeout window. An attacker must be within wireless range of the victim, which is the adjacent-network case.\nAC:L - The attacker influences both sides of the race: deauth/disassoc floods force endless scan\u2192scan-complete cycles that re-arm the UAF, while channel congestion and RX flooding tune the TX-completion latency against the 30 ms wait and delay the waiter\u0027s wakeup. Retries are free and unlimited, and the race was observed firing spontaneously under ordinary traffic in the KFENCE report.\nPR:N - Deauthentication/disassociation injection and channel congestion require no credentials on the victim network, and the scan/roam/MCC-probe paths that trigger the nullfunc TX run automatically without any attacker account on the target. No privileges of any kind are needed.\nUI:N - Background scans, roaming scans, reconnect-after-deauth, and MCC beacon-loss probing are all initiated automatically by the supplicant and firmware. The victim only needs an associated rtw89 WiFi interface, with no action on their part.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory and is exploited entirely within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a freed sk_buff in skbuff_head_cache, a cache the adjacent attacker can re-populate at will simply by transmitting frames. Corrupting length/offset/pointer fields of a replacement object can be leveraged into disclosure of kernel memory, so High is the appropriate rating for a UAF.\nI:H - The bug is an explicit use-after-free *write* \u2014 8 zero bytes at a fixed offset into a freed 232-byte slab object that the attacker can groom. Zeroing a pointer or refcount in the replacement object gives heap corruption chains suitable for control-flow hijacking, so integrity impact is High.\nA:H - The use-after-free write corrupts arbitrary reallocated slab objects and reliably produces oopses and kernel panics, as demonstrated by the KFENCE report. Any kernel crash rates High."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:02.267Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77"
}
],
"title": "wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40000",
"datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:59:14.606Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.151Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:36.100Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-40000",
"date": "2026-11-09",
"epss": "0.00268",
"percentile": "0.19058"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-10-16T01:02:49.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40000",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-40000",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-40000.json",
"version": "1"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77",
"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.4"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.4",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.52",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16.12",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nThere is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to\naccess already freed skb_data:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache\n\n allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nIt is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side\nof the completion:\n\n Waiting thread Completing thread\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n /* start waiting */\n wait_for_completion_timeout()\n rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()\n rcu_read_lock()\n /* signals completion and\n \n---truncated---"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nwifi: rtw89: corregir uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nSe observa un error cuando rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() intenta acceder a skb_data ya liberado:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: escritura de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 No contaminado 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Cola de trabajo: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Escritura de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en 0x0000000020309d9d (en kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, tama\u00f1o=232, cach\u00e9=skbuff_head_cache\n\n asignado por la tarea 41377 en la cpu 6 a las 77869.159548s (hace 0.009551s):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n liberado por la tarea 1045 en la cpu 9 a las 77869.168393s (hace 0.001557s):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nEs una consecuencia de una condici\u00f3n de carrera entre el lado de espera y el lado de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n de la finalizaci\u00f3n:\n\n Hilo en espera Hilo completador\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n /* empezar a esperar */\n wait_for_completion_timeout()\n rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n --TRUNCADO--"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40000",
"lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-40000",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:06.548644Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-10-15T08:15:38.330",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-11-09T17:44:48+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40000",
"id": "CVE-2025-40000",
"initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "158",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40000.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.