Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-40000

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-15 08:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() There is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to access already freed skb_data: BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110 CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025 Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211] Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251): rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110 rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338 rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979 rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165 rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141 rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012 rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059 rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241 worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400 kthread kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154 ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258 kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago): __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659 __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734 ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844 rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431 rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338 rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979 rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165 rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194 rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012 rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059 rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241 worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400 kthread kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154 ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258 freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago): ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117 rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564 rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651 rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676 rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238 __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495 net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684 handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580 do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480 __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407 rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927 irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133 irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257 kthread kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154 ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258 It is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side of the completion: Waiting thread Completing thread rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data->wait, wait) /* start waiting */ wait_for_completion_timeout() rtw89_pci_tx_status() rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete() rcu_read_lock() /* signals completion and ---truncated---

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.52",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.12",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nThere is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to\naccess already freed skb_data:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted  6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache\n\n allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nIt is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side\nof the completion:\n\n            Waiting thread                            Completing thread\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n  rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n  /* start waiting */\n  wait_for_completion_timeout()\n                                                rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n                                                  rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()\n                                                    rcu_read_lock()\n                                                    /* signals completion and\n   \n---truncated---"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nwifi: rtw89: corregir uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nSe observa un error cuando rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() intenta acceder a skb_data ya liberado:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: escritura de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 No contaminado 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Cola de trabajo: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Escritura de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n en 0x0000000020309d9d (en kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, tama\u00f1o=232, cach\u00e9=skbuff_head_cache\n\n asignado por la tarea 41377 en la cpu 6 a las 77869.159548s (hace 0.009551s):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n liberado por la tarea 1045 en la cpu 9 a las 77869.168393s (hace 0.001557s):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nEs una consecuencia de una condici\u00f3n de carrera entre el lado de espera y el lado de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n de la finalizaci\u00f3n:\n\n            Hilo en espera                            Hilo completador\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n  rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n  /* empezar a esperar */\n  wait_for_completion_timeout()\n                                                rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n                                                  --TRUNCADO--"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-40000",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-40000",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:06.548644Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-15T08:15:38.330",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}

CVE-2025-40000 (GCVE-0-2025-40000)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:59 – Updated: 2026-10-15 22:02

Title

wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()

Summary

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:56 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7064 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b2344…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d9…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < 895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145 (git) Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4 (git) Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6 (git) Affected: 1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f , < 3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.4 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.4 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.52 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.12 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.1 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-40000",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:06.548644Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:36.100Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1ae5ca615285d5d4f72d1de464716d85dffef19f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/ser.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.52",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.12",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.52",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.12",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n\nThere is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to\naccess already freed skb_data:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n\n CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted  6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025\n Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]\n\n Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):\n rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache\n\n allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):\n __alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659\n __netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734\n ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844\n rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431\n rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165\n rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194\n rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012\n rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059\n rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758\n process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241\n worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\n freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):\n ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117\n rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564\n rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651\n rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676\n rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238\n __napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495\n net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684\n handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580\n do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480\n __local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407\n rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927\n irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133\n irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257\n kthread kernel/kthread.c:463\n ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154\n ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258\n\nIt is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side\nof the completion:\n\n            Waiting thread                            Completing thread\n\nrtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()\n  rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data-\u003ewait, wait)\n  /* start waiting */\n  wait_for_completion_timeout()\n                                                rtw89_pci_tx_status()\n                                                  rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()\n                                                    rcu_read_lock()\n                                                    /* signals completion and\n   \n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The bug lives in the rtw89 WiFi driver and is armed/timed by over-the-air events \u2014 scan completion after deauth-forced reconnects, MCC beacon-loss probing, and medium congestion that shifts nullfunc TX-status latency into the 30 ms timeout window. An attacker must be within wireless range of the victim, which is the adjacent-network case.\nAC:L - The attacker influences both sides of the race: deauth/disassoc floods force endless scan\u2192scan-complete cycles that re-arm the UAF, while channel congestion and RX flooding tune the TX-completion latency against the 30 ms wait and delay the waiter\u0027s wakeup. Retries are free and unlimited, and the race was observed firing spontaneously under ordinary traffic in the KFENCE report.\nPR:N - Deauthentication/disassociation injection and channel congestion require no credentials on the victim network, and the scan/roam/MCC-probe paths that trigger the nullfunc TX run automatically without any attacker account on the target. No privileges of any kind are needed.\nUI:N - Background scans, roaming scans, reconnect-after-deauth, and MCC beacon-loss probing are all initiated automatically by the supplicant and firmware. The victim only needs an associated rtw89 WiFi interface, with no action on their part.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory and is exploited entirely within the kernel\u0027s own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on a freed sk_buff in skbuff_head_cache, a cache the adjacent attacker can re-populate at will simply by transmitting frames. Corrupting length/offset/pointer fields of a replacement object can be leveraged into disclosure of kernel memory, so High is the appropriate rating for a UAF.\nI:H - The bug is an explicit use-after-free *write* \u2014 8 zero bytes at a fixed offset into a freed 232-byte slab object that the attacker can groom. Zeroing a pointer or refcount in the replacement object gives heap corruption chains suitable for control-flow hijacking, so integrity impact is High.\nA:H - The use-after-free write corrupts arbitrary reallocated slab objects and reliably produces oopses and kernel panics, as demonstrated by the KFENCE report. Any kernel crash rates High."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:02.267Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/895cccf639ac015f3d5f993218cf098db82ac145"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f21f530b03b4b23448edb531a0cfea434cb76bb4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb3c41b358cf87d99e39d393e164f9e4a6088e6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77"
        }
      ],
      "title": "wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40000",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:59:14.606Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.151Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:36.100Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

Loading timeline…

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted