CVE-2025-38395 (GCVE-0-2025-38395)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-25 12:53 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:01
VLAI
Title
regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods drvdata::gpiods is supposed to hold an array of 'gpio_desc' pointers. But the memory is allocated for only one pointer. This will lead to out-of-bounds access later in the code if 'config::ngpios' is > 1. So fix the code to allocate enough memory to hold 'config::ngpios' of GPIO descriptors. While at it, also move the check for memory allocation failure to be below the allocation to make it more readable.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < a3cd5ae7befbac849e0e0529c94ca04e8093cfd2 (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 9fe71972869faed1f8f9b3beb9040f9c1b300c79 (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 56738cbac3bbb1d39a71a07f57484dec1db8b239 (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < a1e12fac214d4f49fcb186dbdf9c5592e7fa0a7a (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 24418bc77a66cb5be9f5a837431ba3674ed8b52f (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606 (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < 3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f (git)
Affected: d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916 , < c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.1
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.296 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.240 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.187 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.144 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.97 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.37 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.6 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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              "value": "AV:L - The flaw is in a platform driver bound from device-tree/ACPI data on the local system; the out-of-bounds write occurs in local kernel context during probe with no network or physical interaction required for the corruption itself. Matches the AV:L convention used for analogous probe-time allocation-size bugs such as CVE-2025-39869 and CVE-2025-38446.\nAC:L - On any affected board the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 it fires on every single boot with no race, no timing window, and no dependence on unpredictable state, since ngpios\u003e=2 is a binding-documented configuration (maxItems: 8, and the binding\u0027s own example uses 2 GPIOs). No condition beyond the attacker\u0027s control must be won per attempt.\nPR:N - The out-of-bounds write executes during subsys_initcall driver probe at boot, before any user logs in or is authenticated, so zero privileges are required for the memory corruption to occur. This matches the PR:N assignment given to the directly analogous probe-time undersized-allocation heap overflow in CVE-2025-39869.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed; the corruption happens automatically when the gpio-regulator driver probes the device, and the subsequent out-of-bounds reads occur on routine in-kernel regulator voltage changes.\nS:U - The heap corruption and the wild-pointer dereferences are confined to kernel memory managed by the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Beyond the OOB write, gpio_regulator_set_voltage() and gpio_regulator_set_current_limit() read gpiods[0..nr_gpios-1] past the 8-byte allocation and treat adjacent slab contents as struct gpio_desc pointers, exposing kernel heap data; a heap overflow of this kind is leverageable for arbitrary read.\nI:H - Up to seven attacker/firmware-influenced pointer values are written past the end of the allocation into an adjacent slab object, and the out-of-bounds pointers are then passed to gpiod_set_value_cansleep(), yielding a controlled write primitive exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Slab corruption plus dereference of out-of-bounds heap data as gpio_desc pointers reliably produces a kernel oops or panic \u2014 the identical bug class in CVE-2025-39869 manifested as \"Oops - undefined instruction\" crashes during driver probe."
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    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.011Z",
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      "title": "regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods",
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So\\nfix the code to allocate enough memory to hold \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 of GPIO\\ndescriptors.\\n\\nWhile at it, also move the check for memory allocation failure to be below\\nthe allocation to make it more readable.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: regulator: gpio: Se corrige el acceso fuera de los l\u00edmites a drvdata::gpiods. drvdata::gpiods debe contener una matriz de punteros \u0027gpio_desc\u0027. Sin embargo, la memoria solo est\u00e1 asignada a un puntero. Esto provocar\u00e1 un acceso fuera de los l\u00edmites m\u00e1s adelante en el c\u00f3digo si \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 es \u0026gt; 1. Por lo tanto, corrija el c\u00f3digo para asignar suficiente memoria para contener \u0027config::ngpios\u0027 de descriptores GPIO. Adem\u00e1s, mueva la comprobaci\u00f3n de fallos de asignaci\u00f3n de memoria a un valor inferior a la asignaci\u00f3n para que sea m\u00e1s legible.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/regulator/gpio-regulator.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"a3cd5ae7befbac849e0e0529c94ca04e8093cfd2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"9fe71972869faed1f8f9b3beb9040f9c1b300c79\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"56738cbac3bbb1d39a71a07f57484dec1db8b239\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"a1e12fac214d4f49fcb186dbdf9c5592e7fa0a7a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"24418bc77a66cb5be9f5a837431ba3674ed8b52f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"e4d19e5d71b217940e33f2ef6c6962b7b68c5606\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"3830ab97cda9599872625cc0dc7b00160193634f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d6cd33ad71029a3f77ba1686caf55d4dea58d916\",\"lessThan\":\"c9764fd88bc744592b0604ccb6b6fc1a5f76b4e3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/regulator/gpio-regulator.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.1\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.296\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.240\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.187\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.144\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.97\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.37\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.4,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.5,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.2}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-125\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.296\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BA83D9AF-4719-4FCD-9399-01CCCDD81A0C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.240\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0E73A49A-F9B2-470F-91B2-6FAB6239BDB6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.187\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4BD28D29-423C-4173-9DB8-3BA14E9F665D\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.144\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"81CF08DB-B7A2-4556-8AE3-ED9144F50E31\"},{\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Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:17:22+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38395",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38395",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-25T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "76",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "198",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38395.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.