CVE-2025-2817 (GCVE-0-2025-2817)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-29 13:13 – Updated: 2026-04-13 14:27
VLAI
Title
Privilege escalation in Thunderbird Updater
Summary
Thunderbird's update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
mozilla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 38/100 over 679 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Mozilla Firefox Unaffected: 115.23 , ≤ 115.* (rpm)
Unaffected: 128.10 , ≤ 128.* (rpm)
Unaffected: 138 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Mozilla Thunderbird Unaffected: 128.10 , ≤ 128.* (rpm)
Unaffected: 138 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Dong-uk Kim (@justlikebono)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 8.8,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-30T03:56:27.621494Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-22",
                "description": "CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:57.172Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:46:41.197Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00022.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Firefox",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "115.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "115.23",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "128.10",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "138",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "Thunderbird",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "128.10",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "138",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Dong-uk Kim (@justlikebono)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Thunderbird\u0027s update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Thunderbird\u0027s update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:13.873Z",
        "orgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
        "shortName": "mozilla"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1917536"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-30/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Privilege escalation in Thunderbird Updater"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
    "assignerShortName": "mozilla",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-2817",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-29T13:13:33.783Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-26T14:08:36.146Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:13.873Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-2817",
      "date": "2026-11-07",
      "epss": "0.00667",
      "percentile": "0.52134"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "Firefox",
                "vendor": "Mozilla",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "115.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "115.23",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "128.10",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "138",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "product": "Thunderbird",
                "vendor": "Mozilla",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "128.10",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "138",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@mozilla.org"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "844477E0-B931-4583-94F3-2C9871DB0D07",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "115.23.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "EB8A8C7B-B65D-4DF5-BDB5-0C3C4E2DB72C",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "01B708BC-00EE-41A1-80B7-0C845DAE30E8",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "128.10.0",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "116.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "47A000D1-78D1-43A0-BBA8-5018439291D3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "128.10.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "8EBE9403-75DD-46EE-AD64-B950562130D1",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "129.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Thunderbird\u0027s update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "El mecanismo de actualizaci\u00f3n de Mozilla Firefox permit\u00eda que un proceso de usuario de integridad media interfiriera con el actualizador a nivel de SYSTEM manipulando el comportamiento de bloqueo de archivos. Al inyectar c\u00f3digo en el proceso con privilegios de usuario, un atacante pod\u00eda eludir los controles de acceso previstos, lo que permit\u00eda operaciones con archivos a nivel de SYSTEM en rutas controladas por un usuario sin privilegios y habilitaba la escalada de privilegios. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox menor que 138, Firefox ESR menor que 128.10, Firefox ESR menor que 115.23, Thunderbird menor que 138 y Thunderbird ESR menor que 128.10."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-05T15:10:00.590",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-30T03:56:27.621494Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-04-29T14:15:32.220",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Permissions Required"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1917536"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-30/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00022.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security@mozilla.org",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-22"
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-04T21:30:49+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-2817",
      "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-29T13:13:33.783000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "296",
      "product_status:known_affected": "10",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "firefox: thunderbird: Privilege escalation in Firefox Updater",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-2817.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:46:41.197Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00022.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                  "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                  "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "baseScore": 8.8,
                  "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-04-30T03:56:27.621494Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-22",
                    "description": "CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T14:21:04.331Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "Firefox",
              "vendor": "Mozilla",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "115.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "115.23",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "128.10",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "138",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "product": "Thunderbird",
              "vendor": "Mozilla",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "128.10",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "138",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Dong-uk Kim (@justlikebono)"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "Thunderbird\u0027s update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Thunderbird\u0027s update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:13.873Z",
            "orgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
            "shortName": "mozilla"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1917536"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-30/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Privilege escalation in Thunderbird Updater"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
        "assignerShortName": "mozilla",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-2817",
        "datePublished": "2025-04-29T13:13:33.783Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-03-26T14:08:36.146Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:13.873Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.