CVE-2023-25577 (GCVE-0-2023-25577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:11
VLAI
Title
Werkzeug may allow high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields
Summary
Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug's multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pallets werkzeug Affected: < 2.2.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T11:25:19.228Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-25577",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-03-10T20:58:37.929356Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-10T21:11:31.103Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "werkzeug",
          "vendor": "pallets",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.2.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug\u0027s multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-08-18T13:06:21.732Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Werkzeug may allow high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-25577",
    "datePublished": "2023-02-14T19:56:26.346Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-02-07T17:10:00.742Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-03-10T21:11:31.103Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-25577",
      "date": "2026-06-01",
      "epss": "0.00366",
      "percentile": "0.58839"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2023-25577\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2023-02-14T20:15:17.543\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T07:49:45.740\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug\u0027s multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-770\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-770\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:palletsprojects:werkzeug:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"2.2.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EE8F26B3-94E2-45A2-A114-56AF4D262414\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Release Notes\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Release Notes\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-02T11:25:19.228Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-25577\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-03-10T20:58:37.929356Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-10T20:58:39.334Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Werkzeug may allow high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"pallets\", \"product\": \"werkzeug\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c 2.2.3\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/517cac5a804e8c4dc4ed038bb20dacd038e7a9f1\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/2.2.3\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5470\"}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0003/\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug\u0027s multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-770\", \"description\": \"CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2023-08-18T13:06:21.732Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-25577\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-10T21:11:31.103Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-02-07T17:10:00.742Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-02-14T19:56:26.346Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.