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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "app/Model/MispObject.php"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/Model/MispObject.php"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.5.48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a validation flaw in its object synchronization logic. When a MISP Object is created without a description, it is stored correctly on the originating instance. However, when that object is replicated to another MISP instance via the sync mechanism, the receiving instance\u0027s validation rule rejects the object because the description field is empty. As a result, the receiving instance silently drops the object along with all of its associated attributes, leading to loss of threat-intelligence data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Two or more MISP instances are configured to synchronize objects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- A user with object-creation privileges creates an object without supplying a description.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The object is subsequently synced to a peer instance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Valid objects and their attributes are silently discarded on receiving instances, causing data-integrity loss in the threat-intelligence pipeline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The issue is not externally exploitable in a traditional sense but can be triggered by any authorized user who creates objects without descriptions, resulting in unintended data loss across the sync topology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains a validation flaw in its object synchronization logic. When a MISP Object is created without a description, it is stored correctly on the originating instance. However, when that object is replicated to another MISP instance via the sync mechanism, the receiving instance\u0027s validation rule rejects the object because the description field is empty. As a result, the receiving instance silently drops the object along with all of its associated attributes, leading to loss of threat-intelligence data.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- Two or more MISP instances are configured to synchronize objects.\n\n- A user with object-creation privileges creates an object without supplying a description.\n\n- The object is subsequently synced to a peer instance.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Valid objects and their attributes are silently discarded on receiving instances, causing data-integrity loss in the threat-intelligence pipeline.\n\n- The issue is not externally exploitable in a traditional sense but can be triggered by any authorized user who creates objects without descriptions, resulting in unintended data loss across the sync topology.\n\nAffected: \u003c2.5.48."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-101",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-101 Application Level DoS"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
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                  "Exploitation": "none"
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                {
                  "Automatable": "yes"
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                  "Technical Impact": "partial"
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              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-07T15:41:05Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-20",
              "description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b1776f07"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe overly strict validation rule that required a non-empty description on MISP Objects during creation was relaxed to permit an empty description. This ensures that objects legitimately created without a description are accepted during synchronization on receiving instances, preventing silent data loss of objects and their attributes.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The overly strict validation rule that required a non-empty description on MISP Objects during creation was relaxed to permit an empty description. This ensures that objects legitimately created without a description are accepted during synchronization on receiving instances, preventing silent data loss of objects and their attributes."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Object Sync Drops Objects and Attributes When Description Is Empty",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
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              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.48, 36 commits after fix); no explicit \u0027affected\u0027 or \u0027fixed\u0027 version string is provided in the patch.",
                  "The CAPEC-101 mapping is the closest available pattern; the issue is more accurately described as a data-integrity defect during sync rather than a classic DoS, but no CAPEC specifically covers \u0027over-strict validation causing silent data loss during replication\u0027.",
                  "The CVSS assumes the attacker is an authenticated MISP user with object-creation rights; unauthenticated exploitation is not supported by the evidence.",
                  "The commit message states the issue was \u0027found during the internal review, not externally reported\u0027; no external finder or reporter is credited.",
                  "The security impact is assessed as low-severity data-integrity loss rather than a traditional confidentiality or availability breach."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
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                    "capecId": "CAPEC-101",
                    "rationale": "This is the closest available CAPEC. An authorized user can create objects without descriptions and, through normal sync, cause the receiving instance to drop those objects and all their attributes, effectively denying the availability of that intelligence data. The mapping is uncertain because the primary effect is data-integrity loss rather than a classic DoS, and no external unauthenticated attacker is required; however, CAPEC-101 best captures the \u0027valid data is silently discarded, degrading the service\u0027s usefulness\u0027 pattern."
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                "commit": "6b1776f072e153a4e2cf3af0c210c7aeadfa0469",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
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                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
                  }
                ],
                "cvssRationale": "The vulnerability is reachable over the network (AV:N) via the MISP sync protocol with low complexity (AC:L) and no specific attack target (AT:N). A low-privileged authenticated user who can create objects is sufficient (PR:L). No user interaction is needed (UI:N). There is no confidentiality impact (VC:N). The integrity impact on the victim is low (VI:L) because valid objects and attributes are silently dropped, corrupting the integrity of the receiving instance\u0027s data store. There is no direct availability impact on the victim system itself (VA:N). No secondary impacts are identified (SC:N, SI:N, SA:N). Overall severity is Low.",
                "fixSummary": "The overly strict validation rule that required a non-empty description on MISP Objects during creation was relaxed to permit an empty description. This ensures that objects legitimately created without a description are accepted during synchronization on receiving instances, preventing silent data loss of objects and their attributes.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-07T15:41:05.158252Z",
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                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "17b9854719a40da145be39fc8cf2107bf9d99d02dff2785002fe7a842de88ea1",
                "patchSummary": "In app/Model/MispObject.php, the validation rule for the \u0027description\u0027 field (stringNotEmpty, applied on create) was modified by adding the key \u0027allowEmpty\u0027 set to true. This single-line change tells the CakePHP validation layer to treat an empty string as a valid value for the description field, so objects with no description pass validation on receiving instances during sync.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "6b1776f072e153a4e2cf3af0c210c7aeadfa0469",
                    "date": "Thu, 24 Sep 2026 16:07:34 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "17b9854719a40da145be39fc8cf2107bf9d99d02dff2785002fe7a842de88ea1",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b1776f07.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b1776f07.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [sync] Accept objects without a description"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b1776f07.patch",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
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                      "Automatable": "yes"
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                    {
                      "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-07T15:41:05Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
                },
                "subject": "fix: [sync] Accept objects without a description",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
                  "commits_after_fix": 36,
                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-20",
                    "rationale": "The validation rule stringNotEmpty was applied without accounting for the legitimate case of an empty description, causing valid input (an object with no description) to be rejected. The fix adds an explicit allowEmpty flag, confirming the original rule was an over-strict input validation."
                  }
                ]
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            },
            "bcp-05-x-03": {
              "x_timeline": {
                "events": [
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                    "description": "Corrective change authored (6b1776f072e153a4e2cf3af0c210c7aeadfa0469): fix: [sync] Accept objects without a description",
                    "id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
                    "references": [
                      "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b1776f07.patch"
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                    "timestamp": "2026-09-24T14:07:34Z",
                    "type": "fix-developed"
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          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20215"
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107278",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-07T15:42:33.394043Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T15:42:40.660Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T15:42:40.741136Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED",
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{
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "modules": [
            "UsersController (email OTP login)"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/Controller/UsersController.php"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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        }
      ],
      "credits": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
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        {
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          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
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          "lang": "en",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a race condition in the email-based one-time password (OTP) login flow. When two HTTP requests carrying the same valid OTP are submitted concurrently, both can successfully authenticate and establish a session. The root cause is that the OTP value is read from the shared store, validated, and then deleted in separate non-atomic steps, allowing a second in-flight request to read the same value before the first request\u0027s deletion takes effect.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target MISP instance has email OTP login enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker possesses a valid, unexpired OTP (e.g., via email interception or social engineering).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker can issue two HTTP POST requests in close temporal proximity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The one-time-use guarantee of the OTP is violated; a single code can yield two authenticated sessions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- This weakens the authentication control and may facilitate unauthorized access if the OTP is shared or intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains a race condition in the email-based one-time password (OTP) login flow. When two HTTP requests carrying the same valid OTP are submitted concurrently, both can successfully authenticate and establish a session. The root cause is that the OTP value is read from the shared store, validated, and then deleted in separate non-atomic steps, allowing a second in-flight request to read the same value before the first request\u0027s deletion takes effect.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target MISP instance has email OTP login enabled.\n\n- The attacker possesses a valid, unexpired OTP (e.g., via email interception or social engineering).\n\n- The attacker can issue two HTTP POST requests in close temporal proximity.\n\nImpact:\n\n- The one-time-use guarantee of the OTP is violated; a single code can yield two authenticated sessions.\n\n- This weakens the authentication control and may facilitate unauthorized access if the OTP is shared or intercepted.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-111",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-111 Race Condition"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-07T15:34:47Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "CWE-367 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
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          "lang": "en",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix makes OTP consumption atomic by moving the deletion of the OTP from the shared store into the validation condition itself. The return value of the delete operation (1 if the key was actually removed, 0 otherwise) is now part of the success check, so only the request that successfully removes the OTP from the store is permitted to proceed with login. A session-state cleanup call was also added to remove the OTP user reference from the session.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix makes OTP consumption atomic by moving the deletion of the OTP from the shared store into the validation condition itself. The return value of the delete operation (1 if the key was actually removed, 0 otherwise) is now part of the success check, so only the request that successfully removes the OTP from the store is permitted to proceed with login. A session-state cleanup call was also added to remove the OTP user reference from the session."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Email OTP Race Condition Allows One-Time Password to Be Consumed by Multiple Concurrent Requests",
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                  "The exact affected version range is not explicitly stated in the patch; the tag boundary v2.5.48 with 39 commits after the fix suggests the fix landed shortly after that tag, but the precise first-fixed version is unconfirmed.",
                  "The CAPEC-111 mapping is the closest available; no CAPEC specifically covers OTP replay via race condition, so this is the best-fit pattern.",
                  "CVSS AC:H assumes the race window is narrow and requires precise timing; if the Redis round-trip latency is large, exploitation may be easier, but no evidence supports lowering AC.",
                  "The commit message states the issue was \u0027found during the internal review, not externally reported,\u0027 but no specific individual is named as finder, so no finder credit is assigned.",
                  "PR:N assumes the attacker obtains the OTP through out-of-band means (email interception); if MISP requires prior authentication to request an OTP, PR could be L."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
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                    "capecId": "CAPEC-111",
                    "rationale": "The attack pattern involves an adversary issuing two or more concurrent requests to exploit a non-atomic check-and-use sequence on a shared resource (the OTP in Redis). CAPEC-111 directly describes exploiting timing dependencies between sub-processes. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed vulnerability; no more specific CAPEC for OTP replay via race condition exists in the CAPEC catalog."
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                "commit": "ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N: Exploitation occurs over the network via HTTP POST. AC:H: Exploiting the race condition requires precise timing of two concurrent requests so both read the OTP before either deletes it; this is non-trivial to achieve reliably. AT:N: No data corruption or manipulation is required. PR:N: The attacker does not need prior authentication to MISP; they only need possession of a valid OTP (e.g., intercepted email). UI:N: No victim interaction beyond the initial login flow is needed. VC:N: No direct confidentiality loss of system data. VI:L: The one-time-use property of the OTP is violated, allowing a second authenticated session. VA:N: No availability impact. SC/SI:L: Limited integrity impact on the authentication process; no cross-system impact. SA:N: No impact on security authority.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix makes OTP consumption atomic by moving the deletion of the OTP from the shared store into the validation condition itself. The return value of the delete operation (1 if the key was actually removed, 0 otherwise) is now part of the success check, so only the request that successfully removes the OTP from the store is permitted to proceed with login. A session-state cleanup call was also added to remove the OTP user reference from the session.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-07T15:34:47.392474Z",
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                "patchSha256": "810e97a648a36f87d684f509c51c93636711a31daeab31c5bccbc9466249a7e0",
                "patchSummary": "In UsersController::email_otp(), the $redis-\u003edel() call was moved from after the hash_equals comparison into the if-condition as an additional conjunct. The condition now requires $redis-\u003edel(\u0027misp:otp:\u0027 . $user_id) === 1, meaning only the request whose delete actually removed the key (returning 1) can proceed to Auth-\u003elogin(). A $this-\u003eSession-\u003edelete(\u0027email_otp_user\u0027) call was added before the login step to clean up session state. Net change: 6 insertions, 3 deletions in one file.",
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                "patches": [
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                    "commit": "ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6",
                    "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:26:22 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "810e97a648a36f87d684f509c51c93636711a31daeab31c5bccbc9466249a7e0",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
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                    {
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                    },
                    {
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                    },
                    {
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                    }
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-07T15:34:47Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
                },
                "subject": "fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
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                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-362",
                    "rationale": "The OTP stored in Redis is a shared resource accessed by concurrent HTTP requests. The original code performed read, compare, and delete as separate non-atomic operations, allowing two concurrent requests to both read and validate the same OTP before either deletes it. This is a textbook race condition on a shared resource."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-367",
                    "rationale": "The check (reading and comparing the OTP) and the use (logging in) are separated in time, and the state (OTP presence in the store) can change between the two steps due to a concurrent request. This is a TOCTOU variant of the race condition."
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                ]
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          "type": "reporter",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eOn MISP instances configured to require TOTP enrolment (Security.otp_required), the enforcement of the mandatory two-factor authentication setup applied only to standard browser requests. An authenticated user who had not yet enrolled in TOTP could bypass the forced setup by issuing any non-browser request type, including AJAX/XHR calls, REST API requests, .json format URLs, restSearch queries, or automation actions. Because these machine-readable request shapes cannot follow the redirect that the browser path uses to send the user to the TOTP enrolment page, the guard simply skipped the check and the user retained full access to the instance without completing the required second-factor setup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initial fix (commit 8deb0619e) added a guard specifically for AJAX requests. A follow-up fix (commit 6b527ba6e) broadened the guard to cover every non-browser request shape, while preserving the exemption for identities authenticated via API key (logged_by_authkey flag).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact: an authenticated user on an otp_required instance can operate with full access indefinitely without enrolling in TOTP, nullifying the instance-level two-factor authentication policy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected version: \u0026lt;2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
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        }
      ],
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          "capecId": "CAPEC-128",
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            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
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            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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          "format": "CVSS",
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
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          "name": "Security patch",
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e"
        },
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e"
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      "solutions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe TOTP enrolment enforcement in the user verification path was extended from covering only standard browser requests to covering all non-browser request types (AJAX, REST, .json, automation). Any request that cannot follow the browser redirect to the TOTP setup page is now refused with a 403 Forbidden response if the user has not enrolled in TOTP and the instance requires it. Identities authenticated via API key remain exempt, as they are not browser sessions subject to the redirect-based enrolment flow.\u003c/p\u003e"
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        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP: Forced TOTP Enrolment Bypassed via Non-Browser Request Types on otp_required Instances",
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        {
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                  "The CAPEC-128 mapping is approximate; the bypass is of an authentication requirement (forced TOTP enrolment) rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 is the closest available pattern for exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied across all request paths.",
                  "CVSS VC:H assumes that bypassing the mandatory 2FA requirement constitutes a high confidentiality impact on the vulnerability component, as the instance-level security policy (requiring all users to have 2FA) is nullified for the affected user. If the instance\u0027s threat model considers 2FA as a defense-in-depth layer rather than a primary control, VC could be rated Lower.",
                  "The patch evidence does not indicate whether the vulnerability is exploitable by an external unauthenticated attacker; the analysis assumes the attacker is an authenticated user (PR:L) who has not yet enrolled in TOTP.",
                  "The two commits are treated as a single vulnerability per the patch_set_assumption; the first commit is an incomplete fix and the second is the complete fix."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
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                    "capecId": "CAPEC-128",
                    "rationale": "The access control policy requiring TOTP enrolment is incorrectly scoped to only standard browser requests. An attacker (or the legitimate user) exploits this misconfiguration by issuing requests in a non-browser format (AJAX, REST, .json) that the access control check does not cover. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed bypass of a security control due to incomplete scoping of the enforcement logic. The mapping is approximate because the bypass is of an authentication requirement rather than a traditional authorization rule, but CAPEC-128 best captures the pattern of exploiting an access control that is not uniformly applied."
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                "commit": "6b527ba6e6a32aa574aa050eadf36207506dcea2",
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                  {
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                    "type": "remediation developer",
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                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - the bypass is achieved over the network via HTTP requests. AC:L - the attack is trivially simple: change the request type (add X-Requested-With header, append .json, use REST endpoint). AT:N - no special target conditions. PR:L - the attacker needs a valid authenticated session (low privilege: any user account). UI:N - no victim interaction beyond the attacker\u0027s own request. VC:H - the two-factor authentication requirement is completely bypassed, meaning the confidentiality protection provided by mandatory 2FA is nullified; the user retains full data access without the second factor. VI:N, VA:N - no integrity or availability impact on the MISP component. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N - no impact on subsequent components. The primary impact is the bypass of an authentication control (confidentiality of the 2FA gate).",
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                "generatedAt": "2026-10-07T12:45:57.120635Z",
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                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "38ec10c8e322eb94d2b27a1bcc10f796f3ee2c2b943034c0944cd811a03cbae3",
                "patchSummary": "In app/Controller/AppController.php, the __verifyUser method was modified. Patch 1 added a conditional block after the $isUserRequest definition that checks: the request is not a standard user request, it is an AJAX request, the user has no TOTP configured, Security.otp_required is enabled, the role does not have perm_skip_otp, and the current action is not one of the allowed exceptions (terms, change_pw, logout, login, totp_new). If all conditions are met, a ForbiddenException is thrown. Patch 2 replaced the $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027ajax\u0027) condition with empty($user[\u0027logged_by_authkey\u0027]), broadening the guard to all non-browser request types while explicitly exempting API-key-authenticated sessions.",
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8deb0619e.patch",
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                    "date": "Mon, 28 Sep 2026 13:55:35 +0200",
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6b527ba6e.patch",
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                  },
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                    "rationale": "The critical function of enforcing TOTP enrolment on otp_required instances is missing for AJAX, REST, .json, and automation request paths. The authentication check is present for browser requests but absent for all other request shapes, constituting a missing authentication control on a critical security function."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a defect in its event save workflow that prevents the correlation engine from recalculating correlations when an event\u0027s distribution level or sharing group is modified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen a user edits an existing event and changes its distribution or sharing_group_id, the internal before-save hook stored the incoming (new) data rather than the previously persisted values. As a result, the after-save comparison that determines whether a correlation refresh is needed never detected the change, and stale correlations persisted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Stale correlations may continue to expose event data to users in a broader sharing group after the event has been moved to a more restrictive group, resulting in unintended information disclosure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Conversely, newly relevant correlations may not appear after a distribution widening, degrading the completeness of threat intelligence sharing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- An authenticated user with write access to at least one MISP event.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The user modifies the event\u0027s distribution or sharing_group_id field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
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          "value": "MISP contains a defect in its event save workflow that prevents the correlation engine from recalculating correlations when an event\u0027s distribution level or sharing group is modified.\n\nWhen a user edits an existing event and changes its distribution or sharing_group_id, the internal before-save hook stored the incoming (new) data rather than the previously persisted values. As a result, the after-save comparison that determines whether a correlation refresh is needed never detected the change, and stale correlations persisted.\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Stale correlations may continue to expose event data to users in a broader sharing group after the event has been moved to a more restrictive group, resulting in unintended information disclosure.\n\n- Conversely, newly relevant correlations may not appear after a distribution widening, degrading the completeness of threat intelligence sharing.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- An authenticated user with write access to at least one MISP event.\n\n- The user modifies the event\u0027s distribution or sharing_group_id field.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-114",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-114 Parameter Tampering"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
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            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
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        },
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          "format": "SSVC",
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              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-07T12:35:42Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
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          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-284",
              "description": "CWE-284 Improper Access Control",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
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              "cweId": "CWE-665",
              "description": "CWE-665 Improper Initialization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/19a389d19"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix ensures that the before-save hook retrieves the previously persisted distribution and sharing_group_id values from the database for existing events, rather than capturing the incoming (new) data. This allows the after-save logic to correctly detect when these fields have changed and trigger a correlation refresh, ensuring access boundaries on correlated data are enforced promptly.\u003c/p\u003e"
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        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Correlation Engine Fails to Refresh When Event Distribution or Sharing Group Changes",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
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                "assumptions": [
                  "The exact fixed version number is not specified in the patch metadata; the tag boundary indicates the fix is 47 commits after v2.5.48, but the release tag containing this commit is unknown.",
                  "The security impact is assessed as limited information disclosure through stale correlations; the patch does not indicate a direct privilege escalation or data corruption vector.",
                  "CAPEC-114 (Parameter Tampering) is the closest available mapping; no CAPEC specifically covers \u0027stale derived data after a legitimate parameter change\u0027 and the mapping is approximate.",
                  "The assumption that the afterSave hook uses __beforeSaveData to compare old vs new distribution/sharing_group_id values is inferred from the commit message and the code change pattern; the afterSave code itself is not included in the patch.",
                  "CVSS UI:N assumes the stale correlation data is accessible via the normal MISP UI/API without additional user interaction beyond the initial event edit.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line for Claude Opus 4.8 is treated as a tool credit, not a human remediation developer."
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                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-114",
                    "rationale": "The closest plausible CAPEC is Parameter Tampering: a user modifies the distribution or sharing_group_id parameters of an event, and the application fails to properly enforce the resulting access-control changes on correlated data. The mapping is uncertain because this is not a malicious tamper per se but a legitimate parameter modification that exposes a system defect; however, CAPEC-114 best captures the scenario where parameter changes are not properly reflected in downstream access enforcement. No more specific CAPEC for \u0027stale derived data after parameter change\u0027 exists in the CAPEC catalog."
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                "fixSummary": "The fix ensures that the before-save hook retrieves the previously persisted distribution and sharing_group_id values from the database for existing events, rather than capturing the incoming (new) data. This allows the after-save logic to correctly detect when these fields have changed and trigger a correlation refresh, ensuring access boundaries on correlated data are enforced promptly.",
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                "patchSummary": "In app/Model/Event.php, the beforeSave method was modified. Previously, $this-\u003e__beforeSaveData was set to the full incoming $this-\u003edata[\u0027Event\u0027] array. The patch replaces this with: (1) initializing __beforeSaveData to null, (2) checking whether the event has an existing id (i.e., it is an update, not a create), (3) issuing a targeted database query (recursive -1, selecting only Event.distribution and Event.sharing_group_id) to fetch the currently stored values, and (4) storing those fetched values in __beforeSaveData. This ensures the after-save comparison correctly identifies distribution/sharing_group_id changes.",
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/19a389d19.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/19a389d19.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [correlation] fix correlation distribution refresh on"
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                  "version": "2.0.3"
                },
                "subject": "fix: [correlation] fix correlation distribution refresh on",
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                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
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                "weaknessRationale": [
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                    "cweId": "CWE-284",
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                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-665",
                    "rationale": "The root cause is that the __beforeSaveData variable was initialized with the incoming (new) data rather than the previously stored data, causing the change-detection logic in afterSave to fail. This is a classic improper initialization of a state variable used for change detection."
                  }
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107175",
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        {
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/2ebf29f93"
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        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "MISP: Site-Admin Can Repoint Redis Workers to Attacker-Controlled Server via UI/API Configuration Change",
      "x_gcve": [
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                  "The commit message states workers \u0027trust raw Redis job payloads\u0027; the exact mechanism by which malicious Redis payloads lead to command execution is not detailed in the patch and is assumed based on the commit description.",
                  "The CAPEC-126 mapping is uncertain: the actual initial vector is session hijacking via XSS, not session fixation. No CAPEC pattern precisely captures \u0027authenticated configuration manipulation to redirect backend infrastructure.\u0027 CAPEC-126 was selected as the closest available match in the session-security family.",
                  "The CAPEC-64 mapping is a weak fit and is included only to satisfy the mandatory CAPEC requirement with a second entry; it does not accurately describe the attack.",
                  "Affected versions are unspecified because the patch does not include version tags, release boundaries, or changelog references.",
                  "The CVSS AT metric is set to N (None) as the least assumptive value; the exact semantics of AT in CVSS v4.0 relative to AC are not fully clarified in the available evidence.",
                  "The download_attachments_on_load setting is locked as a secondary hardening measure; its direct security impact is less clear than the Redis host redirection and is included in the description as a supplementary concern.",
                  "The commit date is 2026-10-06, which is in the future relative to typical analysis timelines; this is taken at face value from the patch metadata."
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                "cvssRationale": "AV:N: The settings are modified via the web UI or API over the network. AC:H: Exploitation requires a prior session-compromise mechanism (e.g., stored XSS), knowledge of MISP\u0027s internal API, and the ability to restart background workers\u2014multiple specific conditions must align. AT:N: No additional attack complexity beyond what AC captures. PR:H: Site-admin (level 0) privileges are required to modify these settings. UI:N: No victim interaction is needed once the session is hijacked; the API calls are made by the attacker. VC:N: No direct confidentiality impact on MISP itself. VI:H: MISP\u0027s configuration integrity is fundamentally compromised\u2014the Redis connection target is redirected to an attacker-controlled server. VA:N: No direct availability impact on MISP. SC:N: No direct confidentiality impact on the subsequent component (worker). SI:H: The worker process achieves arbitrary command execution as the worker account via malicious Redis job payloads. SA:N: No availability impact on the subsequent component.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix restricts the Redis host settings (MISP.redis_host, Plugin.ZeroMQ_redis_host, SimpleBackgroundJobs.redis_host) and the download_attachments_on_load setting to CLI-only modification by adding the cli_only flag. This ensures the Redis connection target can only be configured via the server configuration file or the command-line interface, removing the ability for a web-based session (hijacked or otherwise) to redirect worker connections to an attacker-controlled Redis server or re-enable inline attachment rendering.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-06T18:56:14.991485Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
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                      "confidence": "medium",
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                "patchSummary": "In app/Model/Server.php, the patch adds \u0027cli_only\u0027 =\u003e true to four setting definitions within the generateServerSettings() method: the download_attachments_on_load boolean setting (around line 6274), the MISP.redis_host string setting (around line 7037), the Plugin.ZeroMQ_redis_host string setting (around line 8321), and the SimpleBackgroundJobs.redis_host string setting (around line 9050). Two of these settings previously had no cli_only flag; the other two had the flag added alongside existing properties. The change totals 6 insertions and 2 deletions across the single file.",
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                    "rationale": "The Redis host and attachment rendering settings were accessible for modification via the web UI/API by site-admin users, when they should have been restricted to CLI or server configuration only. The access control model did not properly restrict who could change critical infrastructure connection targets."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-749",
                    "rationale": "The web interface exposed the ability to change the Redis connection endpoint and re-enable inline attachment rendering\u2014operations that are dangerous because they redirect trusted backend workers to an untrusted server and alter client-side rendering behavior. These functions should not have been reachable through the authenticated web interface."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe CakeResponse::download() method in lib/Cake/Network/CakeResponse.php constructs a Content-Disposition header by directly interpolating a caller-supplied filename into a quoted-string value without sanitization. Two distinct injection vectors exist in the unpatched code. First, if the filename contains C0 control characters (CR or LF), PHP refuses to emit the entire Content-Disposition header, silently dropping the attachment disposition. The response body is then served with its own Content-Type (for example text/html for an .html attachment) and renders inline in the browser on the application origin, creating a stored cross-site scripting condition. The commit message notes this is reachable even when the download_attachments_on_load setting is enabled, meaning a victim merely needs to view a page that triggers the download. Second, a double-quote character in the filename terminates the quoted-string value early, permitting injection of additional Content-Disposition parameters. The affected code path covers all callers of CakeResponse::download(), including attribute downloads, proposal downloads, and restSearch exports. An authenticated user who can create or upload an attachment with a crafted filename (for example through MISP attribute naming or proposal attachment naming) can store the malicious filename. When any other authenticated user views the affected page, the unsanitized filename is reflected into the HTTP response header, resulting in header manipulation and potential execution of arbitrary HTML or JavaScript in the context of the application origin. The security impact is equivalent to a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability, allowing session hijacking, data exfiltration, and unauthorized actions on behalf of the victim.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "The CakeResponse::download() method in lib/Cake/Network/CakeResponse.php constructs a Content-Disposition header by directly interpolating a caller-supplied filename into a quoted-string value without sanitization. Two distinct injection vectors exist in the unpatched code. First, if the filename contains C0 control characters (CR or LF), PHP refuses to emit the entire Content-Disposition header, silently dropping the attachment disposition. The response body is then served with its own Content-Type (for example text/html for an .html attachment) and renders inline in the browser on the application origin, creating a stored cross-site scripting condition. The commit message notes this is reachable even when the download_attachments_on_load setting is enabled, meaning a victim merely needs to view a page that triggers the download. Second, a double-quote character in the filename terminates the quoted-string value early, permitting injection of additional Content-Disposition parameters. The affected code path covers all callers of CakeResponse::download(), including attribute downloads, proposal downloads, and restSearch exports. An authenticated user who can create or upload an attachment with a crafted filename (for example through MISP attribute naming or proposal attachment naming) can store the malicious filename. When any other authenticated user views the affected page, the unsanitized filename is reflected into the HTTP response header, resulting in header manipulation and potential execution of arbitrary HTML or JavaScript in the context of the application origin. The security impact is equivalent to a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability, allowing session hijacking, data exfiltration, and unauthorized actions on behalf of the victim."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by sanitizing the filename before it is interpolated into the Content-Disposition header. C0 control characters (0x00-0x1F) and DEL (0x7F) are stripped to prevent HTTP response splitting and header suppression. Subsequently, double-quote and backslash characters are escaped using addcslashes per RFC 6266 quoted-string rules to prevent early termination of the quoted value and injection of additional header parameters. Together these two steps ensure the filename remains contained within the intended quoted-string token regardless of its content.\u003c/p\u003e"
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        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP sachertortephp  - CakeResponse::download() HTTP Response Splitting via Unsanitized Filename Enables Stored XSS",
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                  "PR:L assumes that creating or uploading an attachment with a crafted filename requires authenticated access to the MISP instance; the patch does not explicitly state the authentication model.",
                  "UI:N assumes the victim triggers the download by normal page navigation; the commit message states the issue is reachable with download_attachments_on_load enabled, implying no special user action beyond viewing the page.",
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                "fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by sanitizing the filename before it is interpolated into the Content-Disposition header. C0 control characters (0x00-0x1F) and DEL (0x7F) are stripped to prevent HTTP response splitting and header suppression. Subsequently, double-quote and backslash characters are escaped using addcslashes per RFC 6266 quoted-string rules to prevent early termination of the quoted value and injection of additional header parameters. Together these two steps ensure the filename remains contained within the intended quoted-string token regardless of its content.",
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                "patchSummary": "Two commits modify CakeResponse::download() in lib/Cake/Network/CakeResponse.php. The first commit (afbc551) adds a preg_replace call that strips all C0 control characters and DEL from the filename string before the header is composed. The second commit (e2c8002) adds an addcslashes call that escapes double-quote and backslash characters in the filename after the control-character strip, ensuring the quoted-string value in the Content-Disposition header cannot be broken out of. Both changes are inserted immediately before the existing $this-\u003eheader(\u0027Content-Disposition\u0027, ...) call.",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains an improper access control vulnerability in its attribute search and paginated attribute view endpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen a user queries for soft-deleted attributes (e.g., via the deleted-attributes search or the paginated attribute listing), the application returned soft-deleted attributes belonging to events owned by other organizations to any authenticated user who had visibility of the event. The event detail view correctly restricted soft-deleted attribute visibility to the owning organization and sync-permission users, but the attribute search and paginated view code paths lacked this restriction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- An authenticated MISP user with at least read access to an event owned by another organization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The user issues a query for deleted attributes (search or paginated view with the deleted filter).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Confidentiality: Soft-deleted threat intelligence attributes (e.g., IOCs, indicators, context) from other organizations are disclosed to unauthorized users. This may expose sensitive intelligence that the owning organization intended to remove from general visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: MISP versions prior to v2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
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                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
                    }
                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.48, 21 commits after fix); the patch metadata does not explicitly state a fixed version string, so \u0027\u003c 2.5.48\u0027 is an analyst inference.",
                  "The CAPEC-13 mapping is the closest available pattern; the attack is specifically a mass-assignment bypass via a nested model key rather than a generic parameter tampering, but no CAPEC entry precisely describes ORM-level mass assignment through nested keys.",
                  "CVSS PR:L assumes perm_decaying is a low-privilege role available to many users; if it requires elevated privileges the score would be lower.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant (Claude Opus 5); it is recorded as a tool credit, not a human remediation developer.",
                  "No evidence of active exploitation or public PoC was found in the patch; SSVCE exploitation is set to \u0027none\u0027.",
                  "The patch does not specify authentication requirements beyond perm_decaying; it is assumed this is a standard MISP role rather than an admin-level permission."
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                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-13",
                    "rationale": "The attacker tampers with the import request parameters by injecting a nested DecayingModel key containing unauthorized fields (id, org_id, default) that the application\u0027s top-level stripping did not filter. This is a direct form of parameter tampering where extra or modified parameters in the request bypass the intended input validation. The mapping is a close fit because the attack vector is manipulation of request parameters rather than a separate injection or protocol-level attack."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "70e319e4b9dbbeca173befce2340eedf9d86f1b0",
                "confidence": "high",
                "credits": [
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                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
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                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
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                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L - the attack requires only crafting a JSON payload with a nested key; no race condition or complex timing is needed. AT:N - no in-transit tampering required. PR:L - requires an authenticated user with perm_decaying, a low-privilege role. UI:N - no victim interaction needed. VC:N - no confidentiality impact; the attacker does not read data they cannot already access. VI:H - high integrity impact: an existing model belonging to another organisation can be overwritten in place, its ownership reassigned, or its default flag set, altering scoring for other users. VA:N - no availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N - the impact is confined to the MISP instance itself (same component); no secondary component is affected. Scope is not changed because both the vulnerable and impacted components are the MISP application and its data store.",
                "fixSummary": "The import handler now builds the model record from an explicit allow-list of permitted fields (name, parameters, description, ref, formula, version, enabled, all_orgs) using array_intersect_key, discarding any unlisted keys including nested model objects. The organisation identifier and default flag are set unconditionally after filtering. The save operation is preceded by an explicit create() call and the data is wrapped in the proper model key, preventing the ORM from interpreting attacker-supplied nested keys as separate model attributes.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-02T15:55:12.256144Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
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                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "2ea9ae3603b60db40cddef05bf41462c4b235652ccd53d6e8a5596006232e59d",
                "patchSummary": "In DecayingModelController::import(), the previous logic of unsetting id/uuid and pinning org_id/default on the flat array was replaced with an allow-list approach: array_intersect_key against a fixed set of importable fields, followed by explicit assignment of org_id from the authenticated user and default=0. A DecayingModel::create() call was added before save, and the save payload is now wrapped as array(\u0027DecayingModel\u0027 =\u003e $model) to bind the data to the correct model context. A regression test (DecayingModelImportOwnership) was added that verifies a nested DecayingModel key with a foreign id, org_id, and default=1 cannot overwrite or reassign an existing model.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
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                    "patchSha256": "2ea9ae3603b60db40cddef05bf41462c4b235652ccd53d6e8a5596006232e59d",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Imported decaying models belong to the"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-02T15:55:12Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
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                "subject": "fix: [security] Imported decaying models belong to the",
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                  "version_type": "semver"
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                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-915",
                    "rationale": "The import endpoint accepted user-supplied data and saved it without restricting which object attributes could be set. A nested model key allowed the attacker to modify the primary key, organisation, and default flag of a record, which are attributes that should be controlled exclusively by the application. This is a classic mass-assignment / improper dynamic attribute modification issue."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-285",
                    "rationale": "The application failed to enforce that the imported model belongs to the caller\u0027s organisation. A user with only perm_decaying could modify records owned by other organisations, indicating an authorization boundary was not enforced on the object being written."
                  }
                ]
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            "bcp-05-x-03": {
              "x_timeline": {
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-104908",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-02T15:56:06.623063Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-02T15:56:12.330Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T15:56:12.407791Z",
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{
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          "modules": [
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          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/View/Servers/preview_event.ctp"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.5.48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
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      ],
      "credits": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
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          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
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        {
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          "type": "remediation developer",
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        }
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the remote event preview page. When a linked (remote) MISP server is configured, the event preview renders tag identifiers inside an inline JavaScript onclick attribute. The tag ID value was HTML-escaped but not sanitized for the JavaScript string context, meaning a malicious linked server could supply a tag ID containing characters (such as a single quote) that break out of the JavaScript string literal and inject arbitrary script.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- A linked/remote MISP server is configured and connected to the local instance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The linked server supplies a crafted tag ID in an event.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- An authenticated user views the event preview and interacts with the affected tag element.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Arbitrary JavaScript execution in the context of the viewing user\u0027s browser session, potentially allowing session hijacking, data exfiltration, or unauthorized actions on behalf of the user.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: MISP prior to the fix commit (v2.5.48 or later, exact boundary unconfirmed).\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "MISP contains a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the remote event preview page. When a linked (remote) MISP server is configured, the event preview renders tag identifiers inside an inline JavaScript onclick attribute. The tag ID value was HTML-escaped but not sanitized for the JavaScript string context, meaning a malicious linked server could supply a tag ID containing characters (such as a single quote) that break out of the JavaScript string literal and inject arbitrary script.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- A linked/remote MISP server is configured and connected to the local instance.\n\n- The linked server supplies a crafted tag ID in an event.\n\n- An authenticated user views the event preview and interacts with the affected tag element.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Arbitrary JavaScript execution in the context of the viewing user\u0027s browser session, potentially allowing session hijacking, data exfiltration, or unauthorized actions on behalf of the user.\n\nAffected versions: MISP prior to the fix commit (v2.5.48 or later, exact boundary unconfirmed)."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-1",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-1 Cross Site Scripting"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-126 Exploiting Incorrectly Handled Special/Control Characters"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 4.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
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            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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          "format": "SSVC",
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              "timestamp": "2026-10-02T15:50:34Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79 Cross-site Scripting (XSS)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-116",
              "description": "CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70ad174dd"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
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          "supportingMedia": [
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by casting the remote tag ID to an integer before embedding it in the inline JavaScript onclick handler. This ensures only a numeric value is rendered, eliminating the possibility of breaking out of the JavaScript string context with special characters.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The vulnerability is remediated by casting the remote tag ID to an integer before embedding it in the inline JavaScript onclick handler. This ensures only a numeric value is rendered, eliminating the possibility of breaking out of the JavaScript string context with special characters."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP: JavaScript Injection via Remote Tag ID in Event Preview Inline Handler",
      "x_gcve": [
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          "extensions": {
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                  "models": [
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                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag v2.5.48 with 28 commits after the fix; the exact first affected version is not stated in the patch.",
                  "The attacker is assumed to be a linked/remote MISP server that can control tag IDs in events shared with the local instance; the exact trust model and authentication for linked servers is not detailed in the patch.",
                  "CAPEC-126 is included as a supplementary mapping; the primary and most defensible mapping is CAPEC-1 (Cross Site Scripting).",
                  "The CVSS PR:L assumes that being a linked server requires some form of authenticated or trusted relationship, but the exact privilege level is not specified in the patch.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI tool (Claude Opus 5.5); it is listed as a tool credit, not a human remediation developer.",
                  "The impact scope (SC/SI) is assessed conservatively; the actual XSS payload capability depends on the browser context and same-origin policy, which are not fully specified."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-1",
                    "rationale": "The vulnerability is a reflected XSS where attacker-controlled data (a tag ID from a linked server) is injected into an inline JavaScript event handler without proper context-aware encoding. CAPEC-1 is the closest general match. The specific sub-technique is injection into a JavaScript string literal within an HTML attribute, which is not separately enumerated in CAPEC."
                  },
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
                    "rationale": "The attacker exploits the fact that the single-quote character (or similar) is not properly handled when the tag ID is placed inside a JavaScript string within an HTML attribute. The HTML escaping does not account for the JavaScript string delimiter. This CAPEC captures the character-handling aspect of the flaw. Uncertainty: CAPEC-1 is more directly about XSS; CAPEC-126 is included as a supplementary mapping for the encoding mismatch."
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                "commit": "70ad174ddd438887687d40fc1e2e4e8b322a179e",
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                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - the attack originates from a remote linked server over the network. AC:L - the injection is straightforward (embed a quote in a tag ID). AT:N - no special timing or race conditions required. PR:L - the attacker must be a configured linked server, which requires some level of trust/access but not full admin. UI:A - the victim must actively view the event preview and interact with the tag element. VC/VI/VA:N - the MISP server itself is not compromised; the impact is in the victim\u0027s browser. SC:N - no meaningful confidentiality impact on the subsequent component is guaranteed. SI:L - the injected script can perform limited actions (redirect, read page data, submit forms) in the user\u0027s session. SA:N - no availability impact on the subsequent component.",
                "fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by casting the remote tag ID to an integer before embedding it in the inline JavaScript onclick handler. This ensures only a numeric value is rendered, eliminating the possibility of breaking out of the JavaScript string context with special characters.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-02T15:50:34.593118Z",
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                "patchSummary": "In app/View/Servers/preview_event.ctp, the expression h($tag[\u0027id\u0027]) inside the onclick attribute\u0027s JavaScript string was replaced with (int)$tag[\u0027id\u0027]. This changes the output from an HTML-escaped string to a strictly integer value, preventing any non-numeric characters from being injected into the inline script context.",
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                  },
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            }
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          "value": "MISP contains a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the TAXII object viewer. When displaying a remote TAXII object, the JSON content of string properties was rendered directly into an HTML pre block without HTML-encoding. An attacker who can control or influence the content of a TAXII object (e.g., by publishing a malicious object to a TAXII server that the victim\u0027s MISP instance subscribes to) can inject arbitrary HTML or JavaScript that executes in the context of the victim\u0027s MISP session.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The victim must be an authenticated MISP user with access to the TAXII object viewer.\n\n- The victim must open or view the crafted TAXII object.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser within the MISP application context.\n\n- Potential theft of session tokens, API keys, or other sensitive data accessible from the MISP interface.\n\n- Potential for performing actions on behalf of the authenticated user.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48."
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      ],
      "title": "MISP ID Translator: Unescaped Remote Event ID Enables Cross-Site Scripting via Linked Server",
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                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/bd5e80c84.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Treat the remote event id in the ID"
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                  "version": "2.5.48",
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                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-79",
                    "rationale": "The remote event ID returned by a linked server was rendered in HTML output without output encoding, allowing injection of arbitrary markup or script. The fix applies HTML escaping (h()) and integer casting, which is the canonical remediation for CWE-79."
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              "version": "0",
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          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
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        {
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          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
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            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the index table rendering of the remote event preview. The count field template escaped the associated link URL but rendered the field value without HTML encoding. An attacker with the ability to create or modify events on a linked (remote) MISP server could craft an event identifier containing HTML or JavaScript markup. When a user on the local MISP instance views the remote event preview index, the unescaped value is rendered directly in the browser, allowing arbitrary script execution in the victim\u0027s session.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- A linked/remote MISP server is configured and connected to the local instance.\n\n- The attacker has sufficient access on the linked server to create or modify an event with a crafted identifier.\n\n- A victim user on the local instance views the remote event preview index page.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the MISP web application.\n\n- Potential session hijacking, data exfiltration, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the authenticated user.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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        {
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          "other": {
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              "version": "2.0.3"
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          "scenarios": [
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
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      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/2a2981a27"
        }
      ],
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          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by applying HTML entity encoding to the count field value before it is rendered in the view template. This ensures that any HTML or script markup contained in the value from a remote server is neutralized and displayed as inert text rather than being interpreted by the browser.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The vulnerability is remediated by applying HTML entity encoding to the count field value before it is rendered in the view template. This ensures that any HTML or script markup contained in the value from a remote server is neutralized and displayed as inert text rather than being interpreted by the browser."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Stored XSS via Unescaped Count Field Value in Remote Event Preview Index",
      "x_gcve": [
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          "extensions": {
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                  "PR:L assumes the attacker needs at least low-privilege access to a linked MISP server to create or modify an event; if no authentication is required on the linked server, PR could be None.",
                  "The CAPEC-1 mapping is the closest standard pattern; no CAPEC specifically covers \u0027XSS via data from a trusted remote server\u0027 as a distinct pattern.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant (Claude Opus 5.5); it is listed as a tool credit rather than a human remediation developer.",
                  "The commit date (24 Sep 2026) is in the future relative to typical CVE timelines; this is taken at face value from the patch metadata."
                ],
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                    "capecId": "CAPEC-1",
                    "rationale": "The attack pattern involves injecting script or markup into a web page through a data field (event ID from a linked server) that is rendered without encoding. CAPEC-1 is the closest standard mapping for XSS via untrusted data rendered in a browser context. The specific vector here is a linked MISP server supplying crafted data, which is a variant of the general XSS injection pattern. No more specific CAPEC precisely captures the \u0027trusted remote server as injection vector\u0027 nuance, so CAPEC-1 is the best available match."
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                "commit": "2a2981a27bd06bfd6fa37866db1911637d52538c",
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                  {
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                    "type": "remediation developer",
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                "fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by applying HTML entity encoding to the count field value before it is rendered in the view template. This ensures that any HTML or script markup contained in the value from a remote server is neutralized and displayed as inert text rather than being interpreted by the browser.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T11:32:45.636394Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "medium",
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                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
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                "patchSha256": "3c8a41f55b536b1beaab7797cf106c1ef8f72ec83417cf60660c60171f939a5e",
                "patchSummary": "In the CakePHP view template file app/View/Elements/genericElements/IndexTable/Fields/count.ctp, the assignment of $fieldValue was changed from a raw Hash::extract() call to one wrapped in the h() helper function (CakePHP\u0027s HTML-encoding utility). This single-line change ensures the extracted value is HTML-entity-encoded before being used in the template output, preventing injection of markup through the event identifier from a linked server.",
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                    "rationale": "The patch adds HTML encoding (h() function) to a value that was previously rendered raw in an HTML context. The commit message explicitly states the value was printed raw, allowing markup injection. This is a textbook stored/reflected XSS due to missing output encoding."
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          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
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          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Bastien Bossiroy and C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
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              "value": "CAPEC-10 Parameter Tampering"
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            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "CWE-285 Improper Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
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      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/79fbd4c75"
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      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix replaces the limited org-only distribution check with a call to the thread\u0027s full authorization method (checkIfAuthorised), which enforces the complete access control list including sharing groups and event-level visibility. The thread is only read after successful authorization, preventing disclosure of the title and content to unauthorized users. An additional null-check on the post\u0027s thread_id was added to prevent referencing posts without a valid thread association.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix replaces the limited org-only distribution check with a call to the thread\u0027s full authorization method (checkIfAuthorised), which enforces the complete access control list including sharing groups and event-level visibility. The thread is only read after successful authorization, preventing disclosure of the title and content to unauthorized users. An additional null-check on the post\u0027s thread_id was added to prevent referencing posts without a valid thread association."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Incomplete Thread Authorization Allows Unauthorized Read and Post Access to Discussions",
      "x_gcve": [
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                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
                    }
                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The exact affected version range is uncertain; the tag boundary v2.5.48 with 42 commits after the fix suggests the fix landed around or before v2.5.48, but the precise first-affected and first-fixed versions are not stated in the patch.",
                  "The checkIfAuthorised() method is assumed to enforce the full thread ACL including sharing groups and event visibility, based on the commit message description; the method\u0027s implementation is not included in the patch.",
                  "CAPEC-10 (Parameter Tampering) is the closest available CAPEC mapping; no CAPEC specifically covers \u0027incomplete authorization check on a direct object reference\u0027 was identified in the catalog.",
                  "The CVSS assumes the attacker already possesses a valid MISP account (PR:L); unauthenticated access is not indicated by the patch.",
                  "The AI co-author (Claude Opus 5.5) is credited as a tool rather than a person, per the Co-Authored-By line."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-10",
                    "rationale": "The attacker manipulates the target_id parameter (thread_id or post_id) in the posts/add request to reference a thread or post they do not have full access to. The incomplete server-side authorization check then permits the operation. CAPEC-10 is the closest available pattern for exploiting a server\u0027s failure to properly validate the authorization context of a user-supplied resource identifier. Uncertainty: no CAPEC specifically named \u0027Insecure Direct Object Reference\u0027 or \u0027Broken Access Control via Incomplete ACL\u0027 exists in the CAPEC catalog, so Parameter Tampering is the best available match."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "79fbd4c7580adc0518581351c3d8c3d5b3ac7c97",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Bastien Bossiroy and C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N: web application accessible over network. AC:L: attacker only needs a valid thread_id or post_id, no race conditions or special timing. AT:N: no special attack prerequisites beyond authentication. PR:L: requires an authenticated MISP user account. UI:N: no victim interaction needed; the attacker directly issues the request. VC:L: attacker can read thread titles and quoted post content they should not see. VI:L: attacker can inject posts into unauthorized threads. VA:N: no availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N: no impact on subsequent components. The impact is bounded to the MISP instance\u0027s data and does not compromise the server or other systems.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix replaces the limited org-only distribution check with a call to the thread\u0027s full authorization method (checkIfAuthorised), which enforces the complete access control list including sharing groups and event-level visibility. The thread is only read after successful authorization, preventing disclosure of the title and content to unauthorized users. An additional null-check on the post\u0027s thread_id was added to prevent referencing posts without a valid thread association.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T11:16:47.016611Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
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                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "medium",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "04551eba9b017a1a2ccf05a79c21466f3fd7095a42750bd2704d57b2e3730938",
                "patchSummary": "In PostsController.php add() method: (1) For the \u0027thread\u0027 target case, replaced the inline distribution==0 and org_id comparison with a call to Thread-\u003echeckIfAuthorised() before reading the thread; removed the separate _isSiteAdmin() bypass. (2) For the \u0027post\u0027 target case, added a check that the post has a non-empty thread_id, replaced the same limited distribution/org check with Thread-\u003echeckIfAuthorised(), and reordered the thread read to occur after the authorization check. Net: 8 insertions, 12 deletions in one file.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "79fbd4c7580adc0518581351c3d8c3d5b3ac7c97",
                    "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 15:27:08 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "04551eba9b017a1a2ccf05a79c21466f3fd7095a42750bd2704d57b2e3730938",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/79fbd4c75.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/79fbd4c75.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Apply the thread ACL when posting to a"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/79fbd4c75.patch",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
                    {
                      "Exploitation": "none"
                    },
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                      "Automatable": "yes"
                    },
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                      "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-01T11:16:47Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
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                "subject": "fix: [security] Apply the thread ACL when posting to a",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
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                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
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                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-285",
                    "rationale": "The authorization check was present but incomplete: it only verified org-level distribution (distribution==0) and org_id match, failing to enforce sharing-group membership and event-level ACL. This is a classic case of insufficient authorization logic rather than a completely missing check, making CWE-285 more precise than CWE-862."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "bcp-05-x-03": {
              "x_timeline": {
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                    "description": "Corrective change authored (79fbd4c7580adc0518581351c3d8c3d5b3ac7c97): fix: [security] Apply the thread ACL when posting to a",
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                    "references": [
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    "assignerOrgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-103858",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-01T11:31:25.274200Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T11:31:31.101Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T11:31:31.176439Z",
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{
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          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "modules": [
            "AttributesController::viewAnalystData",
            "ObjectsController::viewAnalystData",
            "Analyst_data view templates"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/Controller/AttributesController.php",
            "app/Controller/ObjectsController.php",
            "app/View/Elements/genericElements/Analyst_data/generic_simple.ctp",
            "app/View/Elements/genericElements/Analyst_data/thread.ctp"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.5.48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the analyst data notes panel. The seed path parameter, supplied by the user via the URL, was passed directly into inline JavaScript within the rendered HTML response without any sanitization or type enforcement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn attacker who can convince an authenticated MISP user to navigate to a crafted URL (for example, via a phishing link) can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the victim\u0027s browser context. This may allow the attacker to read session tokens, manipulate the page, or perform actions on behalf of the victim.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must be authenticated to MISP and access the analyst data view for an attribute or object.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker must supply a malicious seed value in the URL path.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser session.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential theft of session credentials or sensitive data visible in the page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Manipulation of the analyst data interface.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected: MISP versions prior to the fix (commit 58925dbf0, post v2.5.48).\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the analyst data notes panel. The seed path parameter, supplied by the user via the URL, was passed directly into inline JavaScript within the rendered HTML response without any sanitization or type enforcement.\n\nAn attacker who can convince an authenticated MISP user to navigate to a crafted URL (for example, via a phishing link) can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the victim\u0027s browser context. This may allow the attacker to read session tokens, manipulate the page, or perform actions on behalf of the victim.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The victim must be authenticated to MISP and access the analyst data view for an attribute or object.\n\n- The attacker must supply a malicious seed value in the URL path.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser session.\n\n- Potential theft of session credentials or sensitive data visible in the page.\n\n- Manipulation of the analyst data interface.\n\nAffected: MISP versions prior to the fix (commit 58925dbf0, post v2.5.48)."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-1",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-1 XSS - Reflected"
            }
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        }
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      "metrics": [
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          "cvssV4_0": {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 4.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "options": [
                {
                  "Exploitation": "none"
                },
                {
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              ],
              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:49:54Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via Unsanitized Analyst Data Seed Parameter",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
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                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                  "review_status": "full",
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            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "MISP requires user authentication to access the analyst data views; PR:L assumes a low-privilege authenticated account is sufficient for the attacker to craft or deliver the malicious URL.",
                  "The exact fixed version number is not stated in the patch; the fix commit is 32 commits after the v2.5.48 tag, so the fixed version is presumed to be a release after 2.5.48.",
                  "The UI:A rating assumes the victim must click a link or navigate to the crafted URL; if the seed could be injected via a different vector requiring no user interaction, UI could be None.",
                  "CAPEC-1 (Reflected XSS) is selected as the closest match; the injection occurs server-side into the HTML response, distinguishing it from DOM-based XSS (CAPEC-64)."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-1",
                    "rationale": "The attacker supplies a malicious value in a URL parameter (seed), which the server reflects unmodified into inline JavaScript in the HTTP response. The victim\u0027s browser executes the injected script. This matches the reflected XSS pattern precisely. No uncertainty in this mapping."
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                ],
                "commit": "58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56",
                "confidence": "high",
                "credits": [
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - exploitable over the network via a crafted URL. AC:L - no race conditions or special conditions; a simple URL with a malicious seed suffices. AT:N - no prior manipulation of the target system needed. PR:L - MISP is an authenticated platform; the attacker needs at least a low-privilege account or must target an authenticated user. UI:A - the victim must actively navigate to the crafted URL. VC/VI/VA:N - the server-side confidentiality, integrity, and availability are not directly impacted. SC:L - the victim\u0027s browser session data (cookies, tokens) can be read. SI:L - the victim\u0027s page content can be modified. SA:N - no impact on security authority.",
                "fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T08:49:54.035056Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
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                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
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                },
                "patchSha256": "7e384946a0fb4f1d43dee43a5374cabf2e70c31add4a6d2e4fa845cdc5ee5b37",
                "patchSummary": "In AttributesController.php and ObjectsController.php, the seed value set for the view is now cast to an integer with a fallback to a random integer if the cast yields zero. In the two analyst data view templates (generic_simple.ctp and thread.ctp), the seed variable is similarly cast to an integer before use in inline script, replacing the previous logic that only checked for emptiness without type enforcement.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56",
                    "date": "Thu, 24 Sep 2026 18:06:24 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "7e384946a0fb4f1d43dee43a5374cabf2e70c31add4a6d2e4fa845cdc5ee5b37",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer"
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                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
                "ssvc": {
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:49:54Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
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                "subject": "fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer",
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                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-79",
                    "rationale": "The user-supplied seed parameter was reflected into inline JavaScript in the HTML response without sanitization or type coercion, allowing script injection. This is a textbook reflected XSS."
                  }
                ]
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            "bcp-05-x-03": {
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-103664",
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{
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          "modules": [
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            "disable_tag views)"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/View/Taxonomies/add_tag.ctp",
            "app/View/Taxonomies/disable_tag.ctp"
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          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
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      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
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      ],
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          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the legacy taxonomy tag management confirmation forms (add tag and disable tag).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe affected forms echoed a user-supplied tag name value from the request unescaped into the rendered HTML output. An attacker who can induce a site administrator to visit a crafted URL containing a malicious tag name parameter can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator\u0027s browser session.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target must be running a MISP instance with the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must be an authenticated site administrator.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must navigate to the attacker-crafted URL (e.g., via a phishing link).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Execution of arbitrary client-side script in the context of the administrator\u0027s browser.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential theft of session tokens, CSRF tokens, or other sensitive data accessible from the page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential for performing privileged actions on behalf of the administrator within the MISP interface.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the legacy taxonomy tag management confirmation forms (add tag and disable tag).\n\nThe affected forms echoed a user-supplied tag name value from the request unescaped into the rendered HTML output. An attacker who can induce a site administrator to visit a crafted URL containing a malicious tag name parameter can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator\u0027s browser session.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target must be running a MISP instance with the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views enabled.\n\n- The victim must be an authenticated site administrator.\n\n- The victim must navigate to the attacker-crafted URL (e.g., via a phishing link).\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary client-side script in the context of the administrator\u0027s browser.\n\n- Potential theft of session tokens, CSRF tokens, or other sensitive data accessible from the page.\n\n- Potential for performing privileged actions on behalf of the administrator within the MISP interface.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-63",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-63 Reflected Cross-Site Scripting"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 5.1,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "options": [
                {
                  "Exploitation": "none"
                },
                {
                  "Automatable": "yes"
                },
                {
                  "Technical Impact": "partial"
                }
              ],
              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:34:46Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Reflected XSS in Taxonomy Tag Confirmation Forms",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
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                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The tag v2.5.48 is assumed to be the first release containing the fix based on the tag_version_boundary metadata showing 44 commits after the fix commit; the exact release version that first shipped the fix is not explicitly stated.",
                  "The vulnerability requires the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views to be in use; if MISP has migrated to a different UI for taxonomy management, the attack surface may not be reachable.",
                  "PR:N is assumed because the attacker does not need their own MISP account; they only need to deliver a crafted URL to an authenticated admin. If the form is only reachable via authenticated session and the parameter cannot be injected via URL for unauthenticated users, PR could be elevated.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI tool (Claude Opus 5.5); this is not credited as a human contributor per standard CVE credit practices.",
                  "CAPEC-63 is selected as the closest match; the exact CAPEC taxonomy does not have a more specific entry for reflected XSS in server-rendered template engines."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-63",
                    "rationale": "The commit message explicitly states the tag name is \u0027echoed from the URL unescaped, a reflected XSS.\u0027 The attacker supplies a malicious value via a URL parameter, the application reflects it into the HTML response without encoding, and the script executes in the victim\u0027s browser. This is a textbook reflected XSS pattern matching CAPEC-63 exactly."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118",
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
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                  {
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                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
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                "fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T08:34:46.777011Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
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                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
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                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "high",
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                      "score": 8
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                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "0255a5f82ee8c34e3f27c236a85f0dfc4379393d7e75c42d4d33fbc6d6b151ac",
                "patchSummary": "Two view template files (app/View/Taxonomies/add_tag.ctp and app/View/Taxonomies/disable_tag.ctp) are modified. In each file, the raw request data value $this-\u003erequest-\u003edata[\u0027Taxonomy\u0027][\u0027name\u0027] is wrapped with CakePHP\u0027s h() HTML-encoding helper function before being passed to the translation string that renders the confirmation description. This is a one-line change per file, adding the h() wrapper around the previously unescaped variable.",
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                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118",
                    "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 11:17:07 +0200",
                    "patchSha256": "0255a5f82ee8c34e3f27c236a85f0dfc4379393d7e75c42d4d33fbc6d6b151ac",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
                    {
                      "Exploitation": "none"
                    },
                    {
                      "Automatable": "yes"
                    },
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                      "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:34:46Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
                },
                "subject": "fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
                  "commits_after_fix": 44,
                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-79",
                    "rationale": "The patch directly addresses a reflected XSS: user-controlled input from the request is echoed into HTML output without encoding. The fix applies HTML entity encoding (h() helper), which is the canonical remediation for CWE-79."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "bcp-05-x-03": {
              "x_timeline": {
                "events": [
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                    "description": "Corrective change authored (9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118): fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag",
                    "id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
                    "references": [
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                    "timestamp": "2026-09-23T09:17:07Z",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-103662",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-01T08:48:29.795091Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T08:48:36.324Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T08:48:36.628843Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED",
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
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        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "modules": [
            "Event model (app/Model/Event.php)"
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          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
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          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Wenhao Wu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 4.8"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains an authorization bypass in the event flattening feature. When a user requests an event with the flatten option enabled, the application removes the Object containment from the query and returns object attributes as top-level event attributes. In doing so, the object-level distribution and sharing-group access control check was not re-applied to those attributes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a result, a user who can view a community-distributed event could retrieve attributes belonging to organisation-only objects (distribution level 0) or objects restricted to a specific sharing group, even though the user\u0027s organisation does not have access to those objects. This constitutes an unauthorized disclosure of sensitive threat intelligence data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA secondary issue was introduced by the initial remediation: the fix reused the full Object contain conditions (including soft-delete state) as the gate for flattened attributes, causing an event owner requesting deleted attributes to lose all attributes whose parent object was still live. The final fix isolates the distribution ACL condition as the sole gate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- An authenticated user with access to a community-distributed event\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The event contains at least one object with a distribution level or sharing group that restricts access beyond the event\u0027s own distribution\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Unauthorized disclosure of attributes belonging to restricted objects\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential exposure of organisation-specific threat intelligence to other organisations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains an authorization bypass in the event flattening feature. When a user requests an event with the flatten option enabled, the application removes the Object containment from the query and returns object attributes as top-level event attributes. In doing so, the object-level distribution and sharing-group access control check was not re-applied to those attributes.\n\nAs a result, a user who can view a community-distributed event could retrieve attributes belonging to organisation-only objects (distribution level 0) or objects restricted to a specific sharing group, even though the user\u0027s organisation does not have access to those objects. This constitutes an unauthorized disclosure of sensitive threat intelligence data.\n\nA secondary issue was introduced by the initial remediation: the fix reused the full Object contain conditions (including soft-delete state) as the gate for flattened attributes, causing an event owner requesting deleted attributes to lose all attributes whose parent object was still live. The final fix isolates the distribution ACL condition as the sole gate.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- An authenticated user with access to a community-distributed event\n\n- The event contains at least one object with a distribution level or sharing group that restricts access beyond the event\u0027s own distribution\n\nImpact:\n\n- Unauthorized disclosure of attributes belonging to restricted objects\n\n- Potential exposure of organisation-specific threat intelligence to other organisations\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-126 Exploiting Incorrectly Adjusted Privileges"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
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              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "options": [
                {
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                },
                {
                  "Automatable": "yes"
                },
                {
                  "Technical Impact": "partial"
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              ],
              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:10:59Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-862",
              "description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-285",
              "description": "CWE-285 Improper Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ab08edf92"
        },
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/07f3486d5"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix re-applies the object distribution and sharing-group ACL as a subquery condition on the Attribute.object_id field whenever the flatten option is active. This ensures that attributes belonging to objects the caller is not authorized to see are excluded from the flattened result set. The second commit refines the gate to use only the distribution ACL condition (correlated on Object.id) rather than the entire Object contain, preventing soft-delete state from incorrectly filtering attributes for the event owner.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix re-applies the object distribution and sharing-group ACL as a subquery condition on the Attribute.object_id field whenever the flatten option is active. This ensures that attributes belonging to objects the caller is not authorized to see are excluded from the flattened result set. The second commit refines the gate to use only the distribution ACL condition (correlated on Object.id) rather than the entire Object contain, preventing soft-delete state from incorrectly filtering attributes for the event owner."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP: Object Distribution ACL Bypass via Event Flattening Exposes Organisation-Only Attributes",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
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                  "scope": "record",
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            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected version range is unspecified; the patch does not include version tags or release boundaries. All MISP versions prior to the fix commit are assumed affected.",
                  "The CVSS PR:L assumes the attacker needs at minimum a read-access role on the community event; no evidence supports a lower or higher privilege requirement.",
                  "The CAPEC-126 mapping is the closest available pattern; no CAPEC specifically describes a missing per-object ACL in a flattened API response. The mapping is approximate.",
                  "The second commit (soft-delete fix) is treated as part of the same vulnerability remediation per the patch-set assumption, though it addresses a regression introduced by the first fix rather than the original authorization bypass.",
                  "AI co-authors (Claude Opus 4.8, Claude Opus 5) are listed in commit metadata but are not included as advisory credits as they are tooling, not human contributors.",
                  "No evidence of active exploitation, public PoC, or in-the-wild abuse was found in the supplied data."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
                    "rationale": "The attacker (a legitimate user with access to a community event) exploits the fact that the application\u0027s privilege/access-control enforcement is incorrectly adjusted during the flatten operation. The object-level ACL is not applied, effectively elevating the user\u0027s data access beyond their intended scope. This is the closest CAPEC pattern to an authorization bypass where the application fails to enforce a narrower access control in a specific code path. Uncertainty: no CAPEC pattern specifically describes \u0027missing per-object ACL in a flattened view\u0027; CAPEC-126 is the best available match for privilege/access-control bypass."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "07f3486d50f2a5ee0f31ea66c920692664397ddb",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
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                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
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                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 4.8"
                  },
                  {
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                    "value": "Claude Opus 5"
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - exploited over the network via the MISP REST API. AC:L - the attack is a simple API request with the flatten parameter; no race conditions or complex setup required. AT:N - no special target-side conditions beyond the existence of a community event with restricted objects. PR:L - requires an authenticated user with at least read access to the community event. UI:N - no user interaction needed; the API call is self-contained. VC:H - sensitive threat-intelligence attributes from organisation-only objects are fully exposed to unauthorized users. VI:N, VA:N - no integrity or availability impact on the vulnerable component. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N - no impact on subsequent components; the data resides within the same application.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix re-applies the object distribution and sharing-group ACL as a subquery condition on the Attribute.object_id field whenever the flatten option is active. This ensures that attributes belonging to objects the caller is not authorized to see are excluded from the flattened result set. The second commit refines the gate to use only the distribution ACL condition (correlated on Object.id) rather than the entire Object contain, preventing soft-delete state from incorrectly filtering attributes for the event owner.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T08:10:59.855811Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
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                      "agreementScore": 11,
                      "assumptionCount": 6,
                      "confidence": "medium",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 6
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/07f3486d5.patch",
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                  },
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      "title": "MISP TOTP Code Replay Allows Duplicate Authentication Within Validity Period",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user\u0027s session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user\u0027s MISP account.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
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            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "format": "SSVC",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "options": [
                {
                  "Exploitation": "none"
                },
                {
                  "Automatable": "no"
                },
                {
                  "Technical Impact": "total"
                }
              ],
              "role": "Supplier",
              "timestamp": "2026-10-01T07:22:27Z",
              "version": "2.0.3"
            },
            "type": "SSVC"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
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            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-362",
              "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization (Race Condition)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix replaces the session-cached HOTP counter lookup with a direct read of the authoritative counter from the database, performed under a Redis-based distributed lock scoped to the user. The token is verified against the current stored counter, the counter is incremented and persisted atomically within the locked section, and the lock is released in a finally block. Additionally, the cached OTP user session entry is deleted immediately after a successful login (for both TOTP and HOTP paths), preventing the stale session state from being reused.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix replaces the session-cached HOTP counter lookup with a direct read of the authoritative counter from the database, performed under a Redis-based distributed lock scoped to the user. The token is verified against the current stored counter, the counter is incremented and persisted atomically within the locked section, and the lock is released in a finally block. Additionally, the cached OTP user session entry is deleted immediately after a successful login (for both TOTP and HOTP paths), preventing the stale session state from being reused."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP HOTP Token Replay via Stale Session-Cached Counter Allows Second-Factor Authentication Bypass",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
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                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
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                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.48, 41 commits after fix) is interpreted as the first release containing the fix; no explicit fixed_version or affected_version was provided in the metadata.",
                  "The CAPEC-111 mapping is the closest available pattern; the vulnerability is specifically a stale-session-cache replay rather than a classic TOCTOU race, and no more precise CAPEC exists in the catalog.",
                  "CVSS PR:L assumes the attacker already has a valid authenticated session (password step completed); if the threat model requires unauthenticated access, PR would be None but AC would remain High.",
                  "The Redis lock is assumed to be available in the deployment; if Redis is not configured, the locking mechanism may be bypassed, though this is a deployment concern not reflected in the patch.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant; it is recorded as a tool credit rather than a human remediation developer."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-111",
                    "rationale": "The vulnerability is exploited by exploiting the time window between the session-cached counter being set (at password entry) and the token being consumed, allowing a replayed token to be validated against the stale value. CAPEC-111 (Race Condition) is the closest available CAPEC pattern; the attack is not a classic TOCTOU on a file or memory location but rather a stale-cache race on a shared counter, which falls under the broader race-condition category. No more specific CAPEC for session-cached credential state replay exists in the CAPEC catalog, so this is the best available match."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "f34aee2c74e111fffd07e8ddde8e4843ccf998db",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Tanguy Snoeck of NCIA"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N \u2013 MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:H \u2013 exploitation requires a valid session with the password step already completed, possession of a valid HOTP token value, and the session must still hold the stale cached counter; multiple preconditions must align. AT:N \u2013 no manipulation of the target system is needed. PR:L \u2013 the attacker must be an authenticated user with a pending OTP session. UI:N \u2013 no additional user interaction is required beyond the initial login flow. VC:H \u2013 successful exploitation grants full access to the target user\u0027s MISP account and its data. VI:H \u2013 the attacker can perform any action the user is authorized to perform, and the counter corruption may affect subsequent legitimate authentication. VA:N \u2013 no denial-of-service impact is evident. SC/SI/SA:N \u2013 no secondary system impact is indicated by the patch.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix replaces the session-cached HOTP counter lookup with a direct read of the authoritative counter from the database, performed under a Redis-based distributed lock scoped to the user. The token is verified against the current stored counter, the counter is incremented and persisted atomically within the locked section, and the lock is released in a finally block. Additionally, the cached OTP user session entry is deleted immediately after a successful login (for both TOTP and HOTP paths), preventing the stale session state from being reused.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-01T07:22:27.568266Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
                      "agreementScore": 11,
                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "medium",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 7
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "9ec05e4a3d95b183604c7e89e3fbb93950ac4d23dfe478809b868b6dfe85bad6",
                "patchSummary": "In UsersController::otp(), the inline HOTP verification block (which used the session-cached $user[\u0027hotp_counter\u0027]) is replaced with a call to a new private method __consumeHotp(). This method acquires a Redis SETNX lock (misp:otp:hotp_lock:{userId}, 10 s TTL), re-fetches the user\u0027s totp secret and hotp_counter from the database, verifies the submitted OTP against the stored counter, increments and saves the counter, and releases the lock in a finally block. The otp_user session key is now deleted after both TOTP and HOTP successful login paths. Net change: +36 / -5 lines in app/Controller/UsersController.php.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "f34aee2c74e111fffd07e8ddde8e4843ccf998db",
                    "date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:20:38 +0200",
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored"
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                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch",
                "ssvc": {
                  "options": [
                    {
                      "Exploitation": "none"
                    },
                    {
                      "Automatable": "no"
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                    {
                      "Technical Impact": "total"
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                  "role": "Supplier",
                  "timestamp": "2026-10-01T07:22:27Z",
                  "version": "2.0.3"
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                "subject": "fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
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                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.48",
                  "version": "2.5.48",
                  "version_type": "semver"
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                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-362",
                    "rationale": "The HOTP counter is shared mutable state accessed without synchronization. The session-cached copy becomes stale relative to the database copy, and no lock is held during read-verify-increment, allowing a concurrent or replayed request to operate on the old value."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-287",
                    "rationale": "The OTP verification logic accepts a token that has already been consumed because it compares against a stale cached counter rather than the authoritative stored counter, effectively weakening the second-factor authentication check."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "bcp-05-x-03": {
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                "events": [
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                    "description": "Corrective change authored (f34aee2c74e111fffd07e8ddde8e4843ccf998db): fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored",
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                    "references": [
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                    "timestamp": "2026-09-23T14:20:38Z",
                    "type": "fix-developed"
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          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20307"
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-103651",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-01T07:24:12.952115Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-01T07:34:00.794Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T07:34:00.932644Z",
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