CWE-601
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
CVE-2024-1227 (GCVE-0-2024-1227)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 15:11 – Updated: 2024-08-02 17:02
VLAI
Title
Multiple vulnerabilities in Rejetto's Http File Server
Summary
An open redirect vulnerability, the exploitation of which could allow an attacker to create a custom URL and redirect a legitimate page to a malicious site.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rejetto | Http File Server |
Affected:
2.2a, build #124
|
Date Public
2024-02-05 14:58
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T18:33:25.158Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-rejettos-http-file-server"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-1227",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-08-02T17:02:40.501815Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T17:02:56.714Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Http File Server ",
"vendor": "Rejetto ",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2a, build #124"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Rafael Pedrero"
}
],
"datePublic": "2024-02-05T14:58:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An open redirect vulnerability, the exploitation of which could allow an attacker to create a custom URL and redirect a legitimate page to a malicious site."
}
],
"value": "An open redirect vulnerability, the exploitation of which could allow an attacker to create a custom URL and redirect a legitimate page to a malicious site."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-178",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-178 Cross-Site Flashing"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-03-12T15:12:03.568Z",
"orgId": "0cbda920-cd7f-484a-8e76-bf7f4b7f4516",
"shortName": "INCIBE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-rejettos-http-file-server"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\n\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eThe vulnerability has been fixed in subsequent versions. The affected version is not currently supported.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "\nThe vulnerability has been fixed in subsequent versions. The affected version is not currently supported.\n\n"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Rejetto\u0027s Http File Server",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "0cbda920-cd7f-484a-8e76-bf7f4b7f4516",
"assignerShortName": "INCIBE",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-1227",
"datePublished": "2024-03-12T15:11:26.293Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-05T11:44:28.901Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T17:02:56.714Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-1240 (GCVE-0-2024-1240)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-15 10:57 – Updated: 2024-11-15 19:07
VLAI
Title
Open Redirection in pyload/pyload
Summary
An open redirection vulnerability exists in pyload/pyload version 0.5.0. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of the 'next' parameter in the login functionality. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious sites, which can be used for phishing or other malicious activities. The issue is fixed in pyload-ng 0.5.0b3.dev79.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyload | pyload/pyload |
Affected:
unspecified , < pyload-ng 0.5.0b3.dev79
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:payload:payload:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "payload",
"vendor": "payload",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "pyload-ng 0.5.0b3.dev79",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 4.6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-1240",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-11-15T19:04:11.868290Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-15T19:07:26.471Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "pyload/pyload",
"vendor": "pyload",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "pyload-ng 0.5.0b3.dev79",
"status": "affected",
"version": "unspecified",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An open redirection vulnerability exists in pyload/pyload version 0.5.0. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of the \u0027next\u0027 parameter in the login functionality. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious sites, which can be used for phishing or other malicious activities. The issue is fixed in pyload-ng 0.5.0b3.dev79."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 4.6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-15T10:57:07.797Z",
"orgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
"shortName": "@huntr_ai"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/eef9513d-ccc3-4030-b574-374c5e7b887e"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/pyload/pyload/commit/fe94451dcc2be90b3889e2fd9d07b483c8a6dccd"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "eef9513d-ccc3-4030-b574-374c5e7b887e",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Open Redirection in pyload/pyload"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
"assignerShortName": "@huntr_ai",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-1240",
"datePublished": "2024-11-15T10:57:07.797Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-05T22:31:20.037Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-15T19:07:26.471Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-12561 (GCVE-0-2024-12561)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 09:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:13
VLAI
Title
Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools <= 2.0.0 - Open Redirect
Summary
The Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'afflink' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wecantrack | Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.0
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-12561",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-21T10:11:59.186095Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-21T10:17:10.512Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools",
"vendor": "wecantrack",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Jaap Marcus"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the \u0027afflink\u0027 parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:13:07.160Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a4b205ab-f042-46d9-a331-f18809477384?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wecantrack/trunk/WecantrackApp.php#L66"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3320552%40wecantrack\u0026new=3320552%40wecantrack\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-05-20T20:30:45.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools \u003c= 2.0.0 - Open Redirect"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-12561",
"datePublished": "2025-05-21T09:21:51.804Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-12T01:39:04.159Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:13:07.160Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2024-12924 (GCVE-0-2024-12924)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-01 12:33 – Updated: 2025-09-02 13:35
VLAI
Title
Open Redirect in Akinsoft's QR Menu
Summary
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing.This issue affects QR Menü: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-12924",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-02T13:34:42.838094Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-02T13:35:37.069Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "QR Men\u00fc",
"vendor": "Ak\u0131nsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "v1.05.12",
"status": "affected",
"version": "s1.05.05",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Berat ARSLAN"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Ak\u0131nsoft QR Men\u00fc allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects QR Men\u00fc: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Ak\u0131nsoft QR Men\u00fc allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing.This issue affects QR Men\u00fc: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-87",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-87 Forceful Browsing"
}
]
},
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-98",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-98 Phishing"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-01T12:33:31.981Z",
"orgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
"shortName": "TR-CERT"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0202"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "TR-25-0202",
"defect": [
"TR-25-0202"
],
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Open Redirect in Akinsoft\u0027s QR Menu",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
"assignerShortName": "TR-CERT",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-12924",
"datePublished": "2025-09-01T12:33:31.981Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-25T11:57:41.720Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-02T13:35:37.069Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-12990 (GCVE-0-2024-12990)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 18:00 – Updated: 2024-12-27 18:20
VLAI
Title
ruifang-tech Rebuild Admin Verification Page admin-verify redirect
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file /user/admin-verify of the component Admin Verification Page. The manipulation of the argument nexturl with the input http://localhost/evil.html leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.289383 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.289383 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.464029 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cydtseng/Vulnerability-Researc… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ruifang-tech | Rebuild |
Affected:
3.8.6
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-12990",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-12-27T18:19:49.158160Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-27T18:20:05.892Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cydtseng/Vulnerability-Research/blob/main/rebuild/OpenRedirect-AdminVerification.md"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"Admin Verification Page"
],
"product": "Rebuild",
"vendor": "ruifang-tech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.8.6"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "vastzero (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file /user/admin-verify of the component Admin Verification Page. The manipulation of the argument nexturl with the input http://localhost/evil.html leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "Es wurde eine Schwachstelle in ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6 ausgemacht. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Dabei betrifft es einen unbekannter Codeteil der Datei /user/admin-verify der Komponente Admin Verification Page. Mittels Manipulieren des Arguments nexturl mit der Eingabe http://localhost/evil.html mit unbekannten Daten kann eine open redirect-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "Open Redirect",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-27T18:00:13.706Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-289383 | ruifang-tech Rebuild Admin Verification Page admin-verify redirect",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.289383"
},
{
"name": "VDB-289383 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.289383"
},
{
"name": "Submit #464029 | ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6 Open Redirect",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.464029"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cydtseng/Vulnerability-Research/blob/main/rebuild/OpenRedirect-AdminVerification.md"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-12-27T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-12-27T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-12-27T09:50:24.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "ruifang-tech Rebuild Admin Verification Page admin-verify redirect"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-12990",
"datePublished": "2024-12-27T18:00:13.706Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-27T08:45:16.947Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-27T18:20:05.892Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-13888 (GCVE-0-2024-13888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-20 08:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:12
VLAI
Title
WPMobile.App <= 11.56 - Open Redirect via 'redirect' Parameter
Summary
The WPMobile.App plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 11.56. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect URL supplied via the 'redirect' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| amauric | WPMobile.App |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 11.56
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-13888",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-02-20T16:11:34.219219Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-20T16:11:42.708Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WPMobile.App",
"vendor": "amauric",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "11.56",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Krzysztof Zaj\u0105c"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The WPMobile.App plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 11.56. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect URL supplied via the \u0027redirect\u0027 parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:12:21.692Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a139f0fc-f3e0-4759-aa8d-ba138e5ccc87?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wpappninja/#developers"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3243366"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-02-19T19:45:56.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "WPMobile.App \u003c= 11.56 - Open Redirect via \u0027redirect\u0027 Parameter"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-13888",
"datePublished": "2025-02-20T08:22:06.037Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-02-18T22:47:00.768Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:12:21.692Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2024-1440 (GCVE-0-2024-1440)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 16:51 – Updated: 2025-06-02 17:07
VLAI
Title
Open Redirection in Multiple WSO2 Products via Multi-Option Authentication Endpoint
Summary
An open redirection vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper validation of the multi-option URL in the authentication endpoint when multi-option authentication is enabled. A malicious actor can craft a valid link that redirects users to an attacker-controlled site.
By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker may trick users into visiting a malicious page, enabling phishing attacks to harvest sensitive information or perform other harmful actions.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.278 (custom) Affected: 5.11.0 , < 5.11.0.347 (custom) Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.0.0.185 (custom) Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.0.145 (custom) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.0.30 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 3.1.0
(custom)
Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.0.262 (custom) Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.0.344 (custom) Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.0.296 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.298 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.308 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking IAM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.327 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Carbon Identity Application Authentication Endpoint(Utils) |
Affected:
5.17.5 , < 5.17.5.256
(custom)
Affected: 5.18.187 , < 5.18.187.257 (custom) Affected: 5.23.8 , < 5.23.8.174 (custom) Affected: 5.25.92 , < 5.25.92.77 (custom) Affected: 7.0.78 , < 7.0.78.18 (custom) Unaffected: 7.0.111 , ≤ * (custom) |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-1440",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-02T17:06:49.114728Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-02T17:07:01.605Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5.10.0",
"status": "unknown",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.10.0.278",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.11.0.347",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.11.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.0.0.185",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.1.0.145",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "7.0.0.30",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WSO2 API Manager",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.1.0",
"status": "unknown",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.1.0.262",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.2.0.344",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.0.0.296",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5.10.0",
"status": "unknown",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.10.0.298",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WSO2 Open Banking AM",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0",
"status": "unknown",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0.308",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "WSO2 Open Banking IAM",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0",
"status": "unknown",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0.327",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.framework:org.wso2.carbon.identity.application.authentication.endpoint.util",
"product": "WSO2 Carbon Identity Application Authentication Endpoint(Utils)",
"vendor": "WSO2",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5.17.5.256",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.17.5",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.18.187.257",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.18.187",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.23.8.174",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.23.8",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.25.92.77",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.25.92",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "7.0.78.18",
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.0.78",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0.111",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An open redirection vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper validation of the multi-option URL in the authentication endpoint when multi-option authentication is enabled. A malicious actor can craft a valid link that redirects users to an attacker-controlled site.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker may trick users into visiting a malicious page, enabling phishing attacks to harvest sensitive information or perform other harmful actions.\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An open redirection vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper validation of the multi-option URL in the authentication endpoint when multi-option authentication is enabled. A malicious actor can craft a valid link that redirects users to an attacker-controlled site.\n\nBy exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker may trick users into visiting a malicious page, enabling phishing attacks to harvest sensitive information or perform other harmful actions."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-02T16:51:16.948Z",
"orgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
"shortName": "WSO2"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3171/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Follow the instructions given on \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3171/#solution\"\u003ehttps://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3...\u003c/a\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Follow the instructions given on https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3... https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2024/WSO2-2024-3171/#solution"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "WSO2-2024-3171",
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Open Redirection in Multiple WSO2 Products via Multi-Option Authentication Endpoint",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
"assignerShortName": "WSO2",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-1440",
"datePublished": "2025-06-02T16:51:16.948Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-12T09:53:51.193Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-02T17:07:01.605Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-20369 (GCVE-0-2024-20369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-15 17:23 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Crosswork Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of a parameter in an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Network Services Orchestrator |
Affected:
5.4
Affected: 5.5 Affected: 5.6 Affected: 5.7 Affected: 5.8 Affected: 5.1.1.1 Affected: 5.1.1.3 Affected: 5.1.2 Affected: 5.2.0.4 Affected: 5.2.1 Affected: 5.2.1.1 Affected: 5.2.3.2 Affected: 5.3.1 Affected: 5.3.4.3 Affected: 5.4.0.1 Affected: 5.4.1 Affected: 5.4.1.1 Affected: 5.4.2 Affected: 5.4.3.1 Affected: 5.4.4.1 Affected: 5.4.4 Affected: 5.4.4.3 Affected: 5.4.3.3 Affected: 5.4.5.1 Affected: 5.4.5.2 Affected: 5.4.5 Affected: 5.4.6 Affected: 5.4.7 Affected: 5.4.7.1 Affected: 5.5.1 Affected: 5.5.2 Affected: 5.5.2.1 Affected: 5.5.2.3 Affected: 5.5.2.4 Affected: 5.5.2.9 Affected: 5.5.2.10 Affected: 5.5.3 Affected: 5.5.2.7 Affected: 5.5.2.12 Affected: 5.5.4.1 Affected: 5.5.3.1 Affected: 5.5.5 Affected: 5.5.6 Affected: 5.5.7 Affected: 5.5.8 Affected: 5.6.1 Affected: 5.6.3 Affected: 5.6.2 Affected: 5.6.5 Affected: 5.6.6 Affected: 5.6.6.1 Affected: 5.6.7 Affected: 5.6.7.1 Affected: 5.6.8 Affected: 5.6.8.1 Affected: 5.6.11 Affected: 5.6.13 Affected: 5.6.14 Affected: 5.6.14.1 Affected: 5.7.1.1 Affected: 5.7.1 Affected: 5.7.2 Affected: 5.7.2.1 Affected: 5.7.3 Affected: 5.7.4 Affected: 5.7.5 Affected: 5.7.5.1 Affected: 5.7.6 Affected: 5.7.6.2 Affected: 5.7.8 Affected: 5.7.10 Affected: 5.7.10.2 Affected: 5.7.11 Affected: 5.7.13 Affected: 5.7.14 Affected: 5.7.9 Affected: 5.7.9.1 Affected: 5.8.1 Affected: 5.8.2 Affected: 5.8.2.1 Affected: 5.8.5 Affected: 5.8.10 Affected: 5.8.11 Affected: 5.8.9 Affected: 6.1 Affected: 6.2 Affected: 6.0.1.1 Affected: 6.0.10 Affected: 6.0.5 Affected: 6.0.8 Affected: 6.1.2.1 Affected: 6.1.5 Affected: 6.1.6 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-20369",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-05-24T15:29:07.120761Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-06-04T17:40:17.553Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T21:59:42.814Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-nso-ordir-MNM8YqzO",
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nso-ordir-MNM8YqzO"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Cisco Network Services Orchestrator",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.1.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.1.1.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.1.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.2.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.2.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.2.3.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.3.4.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.4.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.4.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.5.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.2.12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.4.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.5.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.6.14.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.10.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.7.9.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.8.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.6"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Crosswork Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.\r\n\r\n\r This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of a parameter in an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-05-15T17:23:34.938Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-nso-ordir-MNM8YqzO",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nso-ordir-MNM8YqzO"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-nso-ordir-MNM8YqzO",
"defects": [
"CSCwi31723"
],
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-20369",
"datePublished": "2024-05-15T17:23:34.938Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-08T15:08:07.653Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T21:59:42.814Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-20400 (GCVE-0-2024-20400)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 16:29 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Expressway Series could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.
Note: Cisco Expressway Series refers to Cisco Expressway Control (Expressway-C) devices and Cisco Expressway Edge (Expressway-E) devices.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway |
Affected:
X8.5.1
Affected: X8.5.3 Affected: X8.5 Affected: X8.6.1 Affected: X8.6 Affected: X8.1.1 Affected: X8.1.2 Affected: X8.1 Affected: X8.2.1 Affected: X8.2.2 Affected: X8.2 Affected: X8.7.1 Affected: X8.7.2 Affected: X8.7.3 Affected: X8.7 Affected: X8.8.1 Affected: X8.8.2 Affected: X8.8.3 Affected: X8.8 Affected: X8.9.1 Affected: X8.9.2 Affected: X8.9 Affected: X8.10.0 Affected: X8.10.1 Affected: X8.10.2 Affected: X8.10.3 Affected: X8.10.4 Affected: X12.5.8 Affected: X12.5.9 Affected: X12.5.0 Affected: X12.5.2 Affected: X12.5.7 Affected: X12.5.3 Affected: X12.5.4 Affected: X12.5.5 Affected: X12.5.1 Affected: X12.5.6 Affected: X12.6.0 Affected: X12.6.1 Affected: X12.6.2 Affected: X12.6.3 Affected: X12.6.4 Affected: X12.7.0 Affected: X12.7.1 Affected: X8.11.1 Affected: X8.11.2 Affected: X8.11.4 Affected: X8.11.3 Affected: X8.11.0 Affected: X14.0.1 Affected: X14.0.3 Affected: X14.0.2 Affected: X14.0.4 Affected: X14.0.5 Affected: X14.0.6 Affected: X14.0.7 Affected: X14.0.8 Affected: X14.0.9 Affected: X14.0.10 Affected: X14.0.11 Affected: X14.2.1 Affected: X14.2.2 Affected: X14.2.5 Affected: X14.2.6 Affected: X14.2.0 Affected: X14.2.7 Affected: X14.3.0 Affected: X14.3.1 Affected: X14.3.2 Affected: X14.3.3 Affected: X14.3.4 Affected: X14.3.5 Affected: X15.0.0 Affected: X15.0.1 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-20400",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-07-17T16:51:59.501192Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-07-17T16:52:12.586Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T21:59:41.611Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-expressway-redirect-KJsFuXgj",
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-expressway-redirect-KJsFuXgj"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.5.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.1.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.2.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.7.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.7.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.8.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.8.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.9.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.9.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.10.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.10.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.10.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.10.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.10.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.5.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.6.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.6.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.6.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.6.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.6.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.7.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X12.7.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.11.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.11.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.11.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.11.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X8.11.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.0.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.2.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X14.3.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X15.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "X15.0.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Expressway Series could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.\r\n\r This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.\r\n\r Note: Cisco Expressway Series refers to Cisco Expressway Control (Expressway-C) devices and Cisco Expressway Edge (Expressway-E) devices."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-07-17T16:29:36.302Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-expressway-redirect-KJsFuXgj",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-expressway-redirect-KJsFuXgj"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-expressway-redirect-KJsFuXgj",
"defects": [
"CSCwa25104"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-20400",
"datePublished": "2024-07-17T16:29:36.302Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-08T15:08:07.660Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T21:59:41.611Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2024-21641 (GCVE-0-2024-21641)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-05 21:02 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:40
VLAI
Title
Flarum's Logout Route allows open redirects
Summary
Flarum is open source discussion platform software. Prior to version 1.8.5, the Flarum `/logout` route includes a redirect parameter that allows any third party to redirect users from a (trusted) domain of the Flarum installation to redirect to any link. For logged-in users, the logout must be confirmed. Guests are immediately redirected. This could be used by spammers to redirect to a web address using a trusted domain of a running Flarum installation. The vulnerability has been fixed and published as flarum/core v1.8.5. As a workaround, some extensions modifying the logout route can remedy this issue if their implementation is safe.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d7032… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T22:27:36.096Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advisories/GHSA-733r-8xcp-w9mr",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advisories/GHSA-733r-8xcp-w9mr"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b3b4ad1413a2b0971fdd9e40f812d2a3a9d3a",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b3b4ad1413a2b0971fdd9e40f812d2a3a9d3a"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d70328471cf3091d92d95c382d277aec7996176",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d70328471cf3091d92d95c382d277aec7996176"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-21641",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-08T15:56:54.587072Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T14:40:49.162Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "framework",
"vendor": "flarum",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.8.5"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Flarum is open source discussion platform software. Prior to version 1.8.5, the Flarum `/logout` route includes a redirect parameter that allows any third party to redirect users from a (trusted) domain of the Flarum installation to redirect to any link. For logged-in users, the logout must be confirmed. Guests are immediately redirected. This could be used by spammers to redirect to a web address using a trusted domain of a running Flarum installation. The vulnerability has been fixed and published as flarum/core v1.8.5. As a workaround, some extensions modifying the logout route can remedy this issue if their implementation is safe."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-17T18:15:30.139Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advisories/GHSA-733r-8xcp-w9mr",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advisories/GHSA-733r-8xcp-w9mr"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b3b4ad1413a2b0971fdd9e40f812d2a3a9d3a",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b3b4ad1413a2b0971fdd9e40f812d2a3a9d3a"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d70328471cf3091d92d95c382d277aec7996176",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d70328471cf3091d92d95c382d277aec7996176"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-733r-8xcp-w9mr",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Flarum\u0027s Logout Route allows open redirects"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-21641",
"datePublished": "2024-01-05T21:02:56.513Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-29T03:00:44.957Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T14:40:49.162Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.2
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation ID: MIT-6
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.