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CWE-409
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
CVE-2026-44160 (GCVE-0-2026-44160)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 21:24 – Updated: 2026-07-09 19:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fluentd: Denial of Service (DoS) via Gzip Decompression Bomb in `in_http` and `in_forward`
Summary
Fluentd collects events from various data sources and writes them to files, RDBMS, NoSQL, IaaS, SaaS, Hadoop and so on. Prior to 1.19.3, Fluentd's in_http and in_forward plugins support gzip-compressed data but enforce limits only on compressed payloads through settings such as body_size_limit and chunk_size_limit, allowing crafted compressed payloads to decompress in memory to an excessive size and cause denial of service through memory exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 1.19.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/fluent/fluentd/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/fluent/fluentd/pull/5393 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/fluent/fluentd/commit/f5f2b7cd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/fluent/fluentd/releases/tag/v1.19.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44432 (GCVE-0-2026-44432)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 15:17 – Updated: 2026-07-08 12:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
urllib3: Decompression-bomb safeguards bypassed in parts of the streaming API
Summary
urllib3 is an HTTP client library for Python. From 2.6.0 to before 2.7.0, urllib3 could decompress the whole response instead of the requested portion (1) during the second HTTPResponse.read(amt=N) call when the response was decompressed using the official Brotli library or (2) when HTTPResponse.drain_conn() was called after the response had been read and decompressed partially (compression algorithm did not matter here). These issues could cause urllib3 to fully decode a small amount of highly compressed data in a single operation. This could result in excessive resource consumption (high CPU usage and massive memory allocation for the decompressed data) on the client side. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
46 references
Impacted products
46 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| urllib3 | urllib3 |
Affected:
>= 2.6.0, < 2.7.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.10::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.12 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.12::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.9::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.18 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.18::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6.19 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | Pen Drive Powered by Red Hat Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:pdrive_lightspeed:0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Service Telemetry Framework 1.5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:stf:1.5 |
|
| Red Hat | Exploit Intelligence |
cpe:/a:redhat:exploit_intelligence:0 |
|
| Red Hat | External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:external_secrets_operator:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Containers |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhmt:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Virtualization |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_virtualization:2 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Service Mesh 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus Native builder |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:17.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 4 for Cloud Providers |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:4::el8 |
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CVE-2026-44697 (GCVE-0-2026-44697)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 17:14 – Updated: 2026-06-02 01:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Klever-Go MultiDataInterceptor: remote OOM via crafted compressed P2P payload
Summary
Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, a remote, unauthenticated denial-of-service vulnerability in Batch.Decompress (data/batch/batch.go) allows any peer that participates in a topic served by MultiDataInterceptor to allocate multi-gigabyte heaps on the receiving node from a sub-50 KiB gossip payload. A single packet is sufficient to OOM-kill a validator with conventional memory provisioning. Fleet-wide application affects chain liveness. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.7.17.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
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CVE-2026-48044 (GCVE-0-2026-48044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 17:31 – Updated: 2026-06-26 18:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Envoy Zstd Decompressor: Ratio Check at Wrong Loop Depth lead to memory explosion
Summary
Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. From 1.23.0 until 1.35.11, 1.36.7, 1.37.3, and 1.38.1, a vulnerability has been identified in Envoy's zstd decompressor implementation (ZstdDecompressorImpl). When zstd decompression is enabled, processing a specially crafted, highly compressed zstd payload can lead to massive memory allocation. An attacker can exploit this to cause severe memory exhaustion, potentially resulting in an Out-Of-Memory (OOM) kill and Denial of Service (DoS) for the Envoy proxy. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.35.11, 1.36.7, 1.37.3, and 1.38.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
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| URL | Tags |
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Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| envoyproxy | envoy |
Affected:
>= 1.38.0, < 1.38.1
Affected: >= 1.37.0, < 1.37.3 Affected: >= 1.36.0, < 1.36.7 Affected: >= 1.23.0, < 1.35.11 |
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CVE-2026-48502 (GCVE-0-2026-48502)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:18 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
- CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.1.7, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48510 (GCVE-0-2026-48510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:16 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: LZ4 decompression allocates from unbounded declared output lengths
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, when MessagePack-CSharp decompresses Lz4Block or Lz4BlockArray payloads, it reads declared uncompressed lengths from the wire and allocates output buffers based on those lengths before validating that the compressed data is valid or that the declared expansion is reasonable. A small payload can claim a very large uncompressed length and force a large allocation before LZ4 decoding begins. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.0, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48594 (GCVE-0-2026-48594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 19:08 – Updated: 2026-06-04 04:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Decompression bomb in Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse and Tesla.Middleware.Compression
Summary
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows a denial of service via decompression bomb in HTTP response bodies.
When Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse or Tesla.Middleware.Compression is included in a Tesla middleware pipeline, HTTP response bodies are decompressed eagerly with no size limit. The decompress_body/2 function in lib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex passes the entire response body to :zlib.gunzip/1 or :zlib.unzip/1 without any cap on the output size. Additionally, compression_algorithms/1 splits the content-encoding header on commas and decompress_body/2 recurses once per token, applying a decompression pass on each iteration. A server advertising content-encoding: gzip, gzip, gzip, gzip causes four recursive decompression passes, yielding exponential amplification: each gzip layer can expand its input roughly 1000x, so a payload of a few hundred bytes on the wire inflates to gigabytes of BEAM heap, exhausting memory and crashing or freezing the calling process.
This issue affects tesla: from 0.6.0 before 1.18.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/ad… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48594.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48594 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/340f… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
0.6.0 , < 1.18.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
5bd90bb5cf0d15e375edc2a66fa322292940fce2 , < 340f75b5d191dc747ef7ac6365bd002d1cd55a9d
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-49755 (GCVE-0-2026-49755)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 15:20 – Updated: 2026-06-08 17:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Decompression bomb DoS in Req via auto-decoded archive and compressed response bodies
Summary
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in wojtekmach Req allows attacker-controlled HTTP servers to exhaust memory in a Req client via decompression-bomb response bodies.
Req's default response pipeline includes Req.Steps.decode_body/1 and Req.Steps.decompress_body/1 in lib/req/steps.ex. decode_body/1 dispatches on the server-supplied content-type (or URL extension) and calls :zip.extract(body, [:memory]) for application/zip, :erl_tar.extract({:binary, body}, [:memory]) for application/x-tar, and :erl_tar.extract({:binary, body}, [:memory, :compressed]) for application/gzip / .tgz. Each returns the full decompressed archive contents as a [{name, bytes}] list in memory, with no per-entry or total size cap. decompress_body/1 walks the content-encoding header and chains :zlib/:brotli/:ezstd decoders, so a response advertising content-encoding: gzip, gzip, gzip inflates through multiple layers without bound.
Both steps are enabled by default, no caller opt-in is required, and the attacker controls the content-type and content-encoding headers on their own server (or on any host reached via Req's automatic redirect following). A sub-megabyte response can expand to multiple gigabytes on the victim, crashing the BEAM process.
This issue affects req: from 0.1.0 before 0.6.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wojtekmach/req/security/adviso… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-49755.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-49755 | related |
| https://github.com/wojtekmach/req/commit/84977e5b… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wojtekmach | req |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 0.6.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:wojtekmach:req:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| wojtekmach | req |
Affected:
e37753741cbdc725e6aba3d977b380163bfc0ecb , < 84977e5b1a83f26e749d55ad06e3625464af4e8d
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:wojtekmach:req:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-53430 (GCVE-0-2026-53430)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-15 21:55 – Updated: 2026-06-17 04:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
grpc gzip decompression bomb in GRPC.Compressor.Gzip.decompress/1
Summary
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in elixir-grpc grpc (GRPC.Compressor.Gzip, GRPC.Message modules) allows a denial of service via a gzip decompression bomb.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/grpc/compressor/gzip.ex, lib/grpc/message.ex and program routines 'Elixir.GRPC.Compressor.Gzip':decompress/1, 'Elixir.GRPC.Message':from_data/2.
'Elixir.GRPC.Compressor.Gzip':decompress/1 calls :zlib.gunzip/1 directly on attacker-controlled bytes with no decompressed-size limit, ratio check, or incremental decoding. Because this module is the registered gzip GRPC.Compressor implementation, it is invoked automatically whenever an incoming gRPC frame carries the grpc-encoding: gzip header. :zlib.gunzip/1 allocates the entire decompressed result as a single binary, so a small highly compressible payload (for example a few kilobytes of zeros, which gzip compresses at roughly 1000:1) expands to multiple gigabytes inside a single call. The max_receive_message_length limit is enforced only against the already-decompressed message, so it provides no protection. An unauthenticated remote peer can send a single crafted frame to exhaust the BEAM node's heap and trigger an out-of-memory kill.
This issue affects grpc: from 0.4.0 before 1.0.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-grpc/grpc/security/advi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-53430.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-53430 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-grpc/grpc/commit/1afbab… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-grpc | grpc |
Affected:
0.4.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| elixir-grpc | grpc |
Affected:
beae6800fc8baf126f3fe7107d86a50e105275ba , < 1afbab9d57d2a3e16ca9c62ffa4923338ea96cfc
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-54233 (GCVE-0-2026-54233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 22:10 – Updated: 2026-06-23 12:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM: OOM Denial of Service via Audio Decompression Bomb
Summary
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.23.1rc0, vLLM's /v1/audio/transcriptions endpoint limits compressed upload size but not decoded PCM output. A 25MB OPUS file expands to ~14.9GB of float32 PCM at decode time. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.23.1rc0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/44970 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
< 0.23.1rc0
|
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.