Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-327

Allowed-with-Review

Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product uses a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm or protocol.

960 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6CVJ-W99F-98MH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerFlex Manager, version(s) <=4.6.2, contain(s) a Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in the ssh. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46371"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-22T15:16:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerFlex Manager, version(s) \u003c=4.6.2, contain(s) a Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in the ssh. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass.",
  "id": "GHSA-6cvj-w99f-98mh",
  "modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:17Z",
  "published": "2026-05-26T13:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46371"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000391392/dsa-2025-434-security-update-for-dell-powerflex-appliance-multiple-third-party-component-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000391568/dsa-2025-435-security-update-for-dell-powerflex-rack-multiple-third-party-component-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6G48-X93M-5F5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33
VLAI
Details

IBM GSKit (IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 9.7, 10.1, 10.5, and 11.1) uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 139073.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1428"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-22T12:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM GSKit (IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 9.7, 10.1, 10.5, and 11.1) uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 139073.",
  "id": "GHSA-6g48-x93m-5f5c",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:33:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/139073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22013756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041012"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6H35-9P2W-3J3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 03:47 – Updated: 2026-06-08 03:47
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been found in yoanbernabeu grepai 0.35.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file indexer/chunker.go of the component Qdrant Backend. Such manipulation leads to use of weak hash. The attack may be performed from remote. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11479"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T03:16:20Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been found in yoanbernabeu grepai 0.35.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file indexer/chunker.go of the component Qdrant Backend. Such manipulation leads to use of weak hash. The attack may be performed from remote. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.",
  "id": "GHSA-6h35-9p2w-3j3r",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T03:47:24Z",
  "published": "2026-06-08T03:47:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11479"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai/issues/247"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai/pull/248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yoanbernabeu/grepai"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11479"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/833971"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369099/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6HJ7-83X8-PJQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE StoreOnce Software. The SSH server supports weak key exchange algorithms which could lead to remote unauthorized access. HPE has made the following software update to resolve the vulnerability in HPE StoreOnce Software 4.3.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28622"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE StoreOnce Software. The SSH server supports weak key exchange algorithms which could lead to remote unauthorized access. HPE has made the following software update to resolve the vulnerability in HPE StoreOnce Software 4.3.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-6hj7-83x8-pjqq",
  "modified": "2022-07-08T00:00:45Z",
  "published": "2022-06-28T00:00:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28622"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst04311en_us"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6MQQ-RW6C-7747

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:04
VLAI
Details

Users of the LearnPress WordPress plugin before 4.1.5 can upload an image as a profile avatar after the registration. After this process the user crops and saves the image. Then a "POST" request that contains user supplied name of the image is sent to the server for renaming and cropping of the image. As a result of this request, the name of the user-supplied image is changed with a MD5 value. This process can be conducted only when type of the image is JPG or PNG. An attacker can use this vulnerability in order to rename an arbitrary image file. By doing this, they could destroy the design of the web site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-0377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327",
      "CWE-610",
      "CWE-73"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-28T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Users of the LearnPress WordPress plugin before 4.1.5 can upload an image as a profile avatar after the registration. After this process the user crops and saves the image. Then a \"POST\" request that contains user supplied name of the image is sent to the server for renaming and cropping of the image. As a result of this request, the name of the user-supplied image is changed with a MD5 value. This process can be conducted only when type of the image is JPG or PNG. An attacker can use this vulnerability in order to rename an arbitrary image file. By doing this, they could destroy the design of the web site.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mqq-rw6c-7747",
  "modified": "2022-03-17T00:04:53Z",
  "published": "2022-03-01T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LearnPress/learnpress/commit/d1dc4af7ef2950f1000abc21bd9520fb3eb98faf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bozogullarindan.com/en/2022/01/wordpress-learnpress-plugin-4.1.4.1-arbitrary-image-renaming"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/0d95ada6-53e3-4a80-a395-eacd7b090f26"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RG6-W3XX-CVM5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:40 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:40
VLAI
Details

mod_ns in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux HPC Node 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation 7 allows remote attackers to force the use of ciphers that were not intended to be enabled.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-3099"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-06-08T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "mod_ns in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux HPC Node 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation 7 allows remote attackers to force the use of ciphers that were not intended to be enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rg6-w3xx-cvm5",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:40:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:40:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:2602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-3099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1319052"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-April/183102.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-April/183129.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-May/184345.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2602.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6W35-X982-HJ9H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-04 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 12:39
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability exists in the Wave 2.0 due to weak encryption of sensitive data received at the API response. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating a parameter “user_id” through API request URLs leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information belonging to other users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-51556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-04T13:17:04Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability exists in the Wave 2.0 due to weak encryption of sensitive data received at the API response. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating a parameter \u201cuser_id\u201d through API request URLs leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information belonging to other users.",
  "id": "GHSA-6w35-x982-hj9h",
  "modified": "2024-11-22T12:39:08Z",
  "published": "2024-11-04T15:31:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01\u0026VLCODE=CIVN-2024-0332"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6XRQ-2WW3-F6H5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:46
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in Nettle in versions before 3.7.2, where several Nettle signature verification functions (GOST DSA, EDDSA & ECDSA) result in the Elliptic Curve Cryptography point (ECC) multiply function being called with out-of-range scalers, possibly resulting in incorrect results. This flaw allows an attacker to force an invalid signature, causing an assertion failure or possible validation. The highest threat to this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20305"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-05T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Nettle in versions before 3.7.2, where several Nettle signature verification functions (GOST DSA, EDDSA \u0026 ECDSA) result in the Elliptic Curve Cryptography point (ECC) multiply function being called with out-of-range scalers, possibly resulting in incorrect results. This flaw allows an attacker to force an invalid signature, causing an assertion failure or possible validation. The highest threat to this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-6xrq-2ww3-f6h5",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:46:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:46:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1942533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MQKWVVMAIDAJ7YAA3VVO32BHLDOH2E63"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211022-0002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4933"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-724F-4Q26-V72M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 18:32 – Updated: 2025-07-21 18:32
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions prior to 9.11.0.0, contains a use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30477"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T17:15:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions prior to 9.11.0.0, contains a use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-724f-4q26-v72m",
  "modified": "2025-07-21T18:32:18Z",
  "published": "2025-07-21T18:32:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30477"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000317419/dsa-2025-192-security-update-for-dell-powerscale-onefs-for-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7344-57Q4-7X5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50
VLAI
Details

Usage of SSLv2 and SSLv3 leads to transmitted data decryption in Kraftway 24F2XG Router firmware 3.5.30.1118.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-17T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Usage of SSLv2 and SSLv3 leads to transmitted data decryption in Kraftway 24F2XG Router firmware 3.5.30.1118.",
  "id": "GHSA-7344-57q4-7x5m",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:50:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/advisories/klcert-advisories/2018/08/17/klcert-18-011-kraftway-24f2xg-router-outdated-certificate-usage"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-24
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
  • For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification [REF-1192].
  • Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
  • Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation MIT-52
Architecture and Design

Ensure that the design allows one cryptographic algorithm to be replaced with another in the next generation or version. Where possible, use wrappers to make the interfaces uniform. This will make it easier to upgrade to stronger algorithms. With hardware, design the product at the Intellectual Property (IP) level so that one cryptographic algorithm can be replaced with another in the next generation of the hardware product.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Carefully manage and protect cryptographic keys (see CWE-320). If the keys can be guessed or stolen, then the strength of the cryptography itself is irrelevant.

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Industry-standard implementations will save development time and may be more likely to avoid errors that can occur during implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Consider the ESAPI Encryption feature.
Mitigation MIT-25
Implementation Architecture and Design

When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.

CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

CAPEC-608: Cryptanalysis of Cellular Encryption

The use of cryptanalytic techniques to derive cryptographic keys or otherwise effectively defeat cellular encryption to reveal traffic content. Some cellular encryption algorithms such as A5/1 and A5/2 (specified for GSM use) are known to be vulnerable to such attacks and commercial tools are available to execute these attacks and decrypt mobile phone conversations in real-time. Newer encryption algorithms in use by UMTS and LTE are stronger and currently believed to be less vulnerable to these types of attacks. Note, however, that an attacker with a Cellular Rogue Base Station can force the use of weak cellular encryption even by newer mobile devices.

CAPEC-614: Rooting SIM Cards

SIM cards are the de facto trust anchor of mobile devices worldwide. The cards protect the mobile identity of subscribers, associate devices with phone numbers, and increasingly store payment credentials, for example in NFC-enabled phones with mobile wallets. This attack leverages over-the-air (OTA) updates deployed via cryptographically-secured SMS messages to deliver executable code to the SIM. By cracking the DES key, an attacker can send properly signed binary SMS messages to a device, which are treated as Java applets and are executed on the SIM. These applets are allowed to send SMS, change voicemail numbers, and query the phone location, among many other predefined functions. These capabilities alone provide plenty of potential for abuse.

CAPEC-97: Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis is a process of finding weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms and using these weaknesses to decipher the ciphertext without knowing the secret key (instance deduction). Sometimes the weakness is not in the cryptographic algorithm itself, but rather in how it is applied that makes cryptanalysis successful. An attacker may have other goals as well, such as: Total Break (finding the secret key), Global Deduction (finding a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption that does not require knowledge of the secret key), Information Deduction (gaining some information about plaintexts or ciphertexts that was not previously known) and Distinguishing Algorithm (the attacker has the ability to distinguish the output of the encryption (ciphertext) from a random permutation of bits).