CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19971 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FXHC-GWF9-69JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 03:31 – Updated: 2025-05-13 03:31Under certain conditions, SAP Landscape Transformation's PCL Basis module does not perform the necessary authorization checks, allowing authenticated users to access restricted functionalities or data. This can lead to a high impact on confidentiality with no impact on the integrity or availability of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T01:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Under certain conditions, SAP Landscape Transformation\u0027s PCL Basis module does not perform the necessary authorization checks, allowing authenticated users to access restricted functionalities or data. This can lead to a high impact on confidentiality with no impact on the integrity or availability of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-fxhc-gwf9-69jh",
"modified": "2025-05-13T03:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T03:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3591978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXJ4-V3M4-37HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:33A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in NPort devices because of improper access control on the command port. The command interface does not properly validate whether a sender is associated with a valid data port session before accepting break signal commands. A remote attacker with network access can send crafted requests to disrupt serial communication for an active user session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10831"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T15:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in NPort devices because of improper access control on the command port. The command interface does not properly validate whether a sender is associated with a valid data port session before accepting break signal commands. A remote attacker with network access can send crafted requests to disrupt serial communication for an active user session.",
"id": "GHSA-fxj4-v3m4-37hj",
"modified": "2026-06-16T15:33:51Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T15:33:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-262370-cve-2026-10831-improper-authorization-vulnerability-in-serial-device-servers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXJ6-7GH4-PX89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in ShortPixel ShortPixel Adaptive Images allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects ShortPixel Adaptive Images: from n/a through 3.10.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30853"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T21:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ShortPixel ShortPixel Adaptive Images allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects ShortPixel Adaptive Images: from n/a through 3.10.0.",
"id": "GHSA-fxj6-7gh4-px89",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:25Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T21:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/shortpixel-adaptive-images/vulnerability/wordpress-shortpixel-adaptive-images-plugin-3-10-0-broken-authentication-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXJ6-8FMC-7H79
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-18 21:31 – Updated: 2025-02-27 06:30The Enjoy Social Feed plugin for WordPress website WordPress plugin through 6.2.2 does not have authorisation when resetting its database, allowing any authenticated users, such as subscriber to perform such action
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0780"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-18T19:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Enjoy Social Feed plugin for WordPress website WordPress plugin through 6.2.2 does not have authorisation when resetting its database, allowing any authenticated users, such as subscriber to perform such action",
"id": "GHSA-fxj6-8fmc-7h79",
"modified": "2025-02-27T06:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-03-18T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/be3045b1-72e6-450a-8dd2-4702a9328447"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXJ8-H239-6VRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Apple Music 3.4.0 for Android. A malicious application may be able to leak a user's credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Apple Music 3.4.0 for Android. A malicious application may be able to leak a user\u0027s credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-fxj8-h239-6vrg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211898"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FXJH-5HR6-CF95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-11-03 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPVibes AnyWhere Elementor anywhere-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects AnyWhere Elementor: from n/a through 1.3.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-114187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-03T17:17:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPVibes AnyWhere Elementor anywhere-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects AnyWhere Elementor: from n/a through 1.3.0.",
"id": "GHSA-fxjh-5hr6-cf95",
"modified": "2026-11-03T18:31:07Z",
"published": "2026-11-03T18:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-114187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/anywhere-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-anywhere-elementor-plugin-1-3-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXJX-XX78-2944
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-08 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:37SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform - versions SAP_BASIS 700, SAP_BASIS 701, SAP_BASIS 702, SAP_BASIS 731, SAP_BASIS 740, SAP_BASIS 750, SAP_BASIS 752, SAP_BASIS 753, SAP_BASIS 754, SAP_BASIS 755, SAP_BASIS 756, SAP_BASIS 757, SAP_BASIS 758, SAP_BASIS 793, SAP_BASIS 804, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This could allow an attacker to read sensitive information which can be used in a subsequent serious attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-08T01:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform - versions SAP_BASIS 700, SAP_BASIS 701, SAP_BASIS 702, SAP_BASIS 731, SAP_BASIS 740, SAP_BASIS 750, SAP_BASIS 752, SAP_BASIS 753, SAP_BASIS 754, SAP_BASIS 755, SAP_BASIS 756, SAP_BASIS 757, SAP_BASIS 758, SAP_BASIS 793, SAP_BASIS 804, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This could allow an attacker to read sensitive information which can be used in a subsequent serious attack.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-fxjx-xx78-2944",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:37:24Z",
"published": "2023-08-08T03:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3348000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXM8-QW5F-4MMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 21:31Missing permission checks in Jenkins CodeSonar Plugin 3.6.0 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70446"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T18:17:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins CodeSonar Plugin 3.6.0 and earlier allow attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins.",
"id": "GHSA-fxm8-qw5f-4mmf",
"modified": "2026-08-05T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-08-05T18:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2026-08-05/#SECURITY-3772"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXM9-385W-JHQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-01-03 12:30The Product Expiry for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'save_settings' function in versions up to, and including, 2.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions or above to update plugin settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-03T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Product Expiry for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027save_settings\u0027 function in versions up to, and including, 2.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions or above to update plugin settings.",
"id": "GHSA-fxm9-385w-jhq7",
"modified": "2024-01-03T12:30:21Z",
"published": "2024-01-03T12:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/product-expiry-for-woocommerce/tags/2.5/product-expiry-for-woocommerce.php#L263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/product-expiry-for-woocommerce/tags/2.6/product-expiry-for-woocommerce.php?rev=3014924#L263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c4006612-770a-482f-a8c2-e62f607914a9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXMW-RV85-5HWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-03 23:03Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-5fhr-f75j-8wr9. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
SiYuan versions before v3.7.4 fail to apply publish-access filtering to the getAttributeViewKeysByID endpoint, allowing authenticated readers to retrieve complete database column schemas including descriptions, select vocabularies, and template expressions. Additionally, getBlockDefIDsByRefText and getBlockRelevantIDs endpoints enumerate workspace-wide block IDs without publish scoping, enabling attackers to discover valid block identifiers across publish boundaries and access content from hidden or password-protected documents.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 3.7.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/kernel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-03T23:03:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T20:17:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-5fhr-f75j-8wr9. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nSiYuan versions before v3.7.4 fail to apply publish-access filtering to the getAttributeViewKeysByID endpoint, allowing authenticated readers to retrieve complete database column schemas including descriptions, select vocabularies, and template expressions. Additionally, getBlockDefIDsByRefText and getBlockRelevantIDs endpoints enumerate workspace-wide block IDs without publish scoping, enabling attackers to discover valid block identifiers across publish boundaries and access content from hidden or password-protected documents.",
"id": "GHSA-fxmw-rv85-5hwh",
"modified": "2026-09-03T23:03:29Z",
"published": "2026-08-12T21:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/advisories/GHSA-5fhr-f75j-8wr9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/siyuan-before-information-disclosure-via-unfiltered-api"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Missing publish-access filter on getAttributeViewKeysByID discloses database column schema, plus two unscoped block-ID enumeration oracles (publish mode)",
"withdrawn": "2026-09-03T23:03:29Z"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.