Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MP67-WX57-8M4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-16 03:30 – Updated: 2024-08-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

In injectInputEventToInputFilter of AccessibilityManagerService.java, there is a possible arbitrary input event injection due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-16T02:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In injectInputEventToInputFilter of AccessibilityManagerService.java, there is a possible arbitrary input event injection due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp67-wx57-8m4f",
  "modified": "2024-08-22T15:31:15Z",
  "published": "2024-02-16T03:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/3e88d987235f5a2acd50a9b6bad78dbbf39cb079"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-02-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP7C-M3RH-R56V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 20:18 – Updated: 2025-09-22 22:59
VLAI
Summary
matrix-js-sdk has insufficient validation when considering a room to be upgraded by another
Details

Impact

matrix-js-sdk before 38.2.0 has insufficient validation of room predecessor links in MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms, allowing a remote attacker to attempt to replace a tombstoned room with an unrelated attacker-supplied room.

Patches

The issue has been patched and users should upgrade to 38.2.0.

Workarounds

Avoid using MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms in favour of getRooms() and filtering upgraded rooms separately.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "matrix-js-sdk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "38.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59160"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-345",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-16T20:18:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-16T17:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nmatrix-js-sdk before 38.2.0 has insufficient validation of room predecessor links in `MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms`, allowing a remote attacker to attempt to replace a tombstoned room with an unrelated attacker-supplied room.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue has been patched and users should upgrade to 38.2.0.\n\n### Workarounds\nAvoid using `MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms` in favour of `getRooms()` and filtering upgraded rooms separately.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp7c-m3rh-r56v",
  "modified": "2025-09-22T22:59:23Z",
  "published": "2025-09-16T20:18:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/security/advisories/GHSA-mp7c-m3rh-r56v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59160"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/commit/43c72d5bf5e2d0a26b3b4f71092e7cb39d4137c4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/releases/tag/v38.2.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/matrix-js-sdk/v/38.2.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "matrix-js-sdk has insufficient validation when considering a room to be upgraded by another"
}

GHSA-MP7W-5WJG-J77R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Web Impian Bayarcash WooCommerce bayarcash-wc allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bayarcash WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 4.3.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24606"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T15:16:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Web Impian Bayarcash WooCommerce bayarcash-wc allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bayarcash WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 4.3.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp7w-5wjg-j77r",
  "modified": "2026-01-23T21:30:43Z",
  "published": "2026-01-23T15:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24606"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bayarcash-wc/vulnerability/wordpress-bayarcash-woocommerce-plugin-4-3-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP8X-36FV-PWV3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-27 03:30 – Updated: 2022-12-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

The ESL (Electronic Shelf Label) protocol, as implemented by (for example) the OV80e934802 RF transceiver on the ETAG-2130-V4.3 20190629 board, does not use authentication, which allows attackers to change label values via 433 MHz RF signals, as demonstrated by disrupting the organization of a hospital storage unit, or changing retail pricing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45914"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-27T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ESL (Electronic Shelf Label) protocol, as implemented by (for example) the OV80e934802 RF transceiver on the ETAG-2130-V4.3 20190629 board, does not use authentication, which allows attackers to change label values via 433 MHz RF signals, as demonstrated by disrupting the organization of a hospital storage unit, or changing retail pricing.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp8x-36fv-pwv3",
  "modified": "2022-12-01T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2022-11-27T03:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45914"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQRMNjZVlHg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/170177/Zhuhai-Suny-Technology-ESL-Tag-Forgery-Replay-Attacks.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPC2-3367-CHHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14
VLAI
Details

The Service Layer of SAP Business One, version - 10.0, allows an authenticated attacker to invoke certain functions that would otherwise be restricted to specific users. For an attacker to discover the vulnerable function, no in-depth system knowledge is required. Once exploited via Network stack, the attacker may be able to read, modify or delete restricted data. The impact is that missing authorization can result of abuse of functionality usually restricted to specific users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33704"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Service Layer of SAP Business One, version - 10.0, allows an authenticated attacker to invoke certain functions that would otherwise be restricted to specific users. For an attacker to discover the vulnerable function, no in-depth system knowledge is required. Once exploited via Network stack, the attacker may be able to read, modify or delete restricted data. The impact is that missing authorization can result of abuse of functionality usually restricted to specific users.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpc2-3367-chhh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:14:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33704"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3078072"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=582222806"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-MPC5-8RVQ-8QFX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-30 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in David Gwyer Simple Sitemap – Create a Responsive HTML Sitemap.This issue affects Simple Sitemap – Create a Responsive HTML Sitemap: from n/a through 3.5.14.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-39413"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-30T18:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in David Gwyer Simple Sitemap \u2013 Create a Responsive HTML Sitemap.This issue affects Simple Sitemap \u2013 Create a Responsive HTML Sitemap: from n/a through 3.5.14.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpc5-8rvq-8qfx",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:01Z",
  "published": "2025-04-30T18:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39413"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/simple-sitemap/vulnerability/wordpress-simple-sitemap-create-a-responsive-html-sitemap-plugin-3-5-14-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPC8-JXJH-QPGH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 20:34 – Updated: 2026-06-18 20:34
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Focus command could miss controlScope enforcement
Details

Summary

Focus command could miss controlScope enforcement. In affected versions, a caller able to trigger the focus command could run the command without enforcing the expected control scope.

This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.

Impact

When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could change focus state outside the intended caller authority. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.

Patched Versions

The first stable patched version is 2026.4.25.

Mitigations

restrict focus command access to trusted operators until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.4.24"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.25"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53850"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T20:34:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nFocus command could miss controlScope enforcement. In affected versions, a caller able to trigger the focus command could run the command without enforcing the expected control scope.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could change focus state outside the intended caller authority. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.4.25`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nrestrict focus command access to trusted operators until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpc8-jxjh-qpgh",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T20:34:46Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T20:34:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mpc8-jxjh-qpgh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53850"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-control-scope-enforcement-bypass-in-focus-command"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Focus command could miss controlScope enforcement"
}

GHSA-MPF5-3VPH-Q75R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 20:41 – Updated: 2026-06-08 19:53
VLAI
Summary
Weblate: Improper access control for the translation memory in API
Details

Impact

The translation memory API exposed unintended endpoints, which in turn didn't do proper access control.

Patches

  • https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/pull/18513

Workarounds

Blocking access to /api/memory/ in the HTTP server removes access to this feature.

References

This issue was reported by ggamno via HackerOne.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Weblate"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33214"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T20:41:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T18:17:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe translation memory API exposed unintended endpoints, which in turn didn\u0027t do proper access control.\n\n### Patches\n* https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/pull/18513\n\n### Workarounds\nBlocking access to `/api/memory/` in the HTTP server removes access to this feature.\n\n### References\nThis issue was reported by [ggamno](https://hackerone.com/ggamno) via HackerOne.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpf5-3vph-q75r",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T19:53:53Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T20:41:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf5-3vph-q75r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/pull/18513"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/weblate/PYSEC-2026-152.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Weblate: Improper access control for the translation memory in API"
}

GHSA-MPFF-XHG4-VR45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-24 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-24 18:32
VLAI
Details

A missing permission check in Jenkins MCP Server Plugin 0.177.v629fdb_2557fe and earlier allows attackers with Item/Read permission to read the Pipeline replay scripts of jobs they can access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57300"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-24T14:17:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing permission check in Jenkins MCP Server Plugin 0.177.v629fdb_2557fe and earlier allows attackers with Item/Read permission to read the Pipeline replay scripts of jobs they can access.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpff-xhg4-vr45",
  "modified": "2026-06-24T18:32:39Z",
  "published": "2026-06-24T15:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2026-06-24/#SECURITY-3759"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPFV-C66G-P7M7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in VillaTheme(villatheme.com) ALD – Dropshipping and Fulfillment for AliExpress and WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ALD – Dropshipping and Fulfillment for AliExpress and WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.0.21.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46811"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in VillaTheme(villatheme.com) ALD \u2013 Dropshipping and Fulfillment for AliExpress and WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ALD \u2013 Dropshipping and Fulfillment for AliExpress and WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.0.21.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpfv-c66g-p7m7",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:22Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46811"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woo-alidropship/vulnerability/wordpress-ald-dropshipping-and-fulfillment-for-aliexpress-and-woocommerce-plugin-1-0-21-broken-access-control-csrf?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.