Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MMW6-XFHM-WXWX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sparkle Themes Chankhe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chankhe: from n/a through 1.0.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28416"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sparkle Themes Chankhe allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chankhe: from n/a through 1.0.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmw6-xfhm-wxwx",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:17Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28416"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/chankhe/vulnerability/wordpress-chankhe-theme-1-0-5-authenticated-arbitrary-plugin-activation?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MMWR-2JHP-MC7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:26
VLAI
Summary
Django vulnerable to privilege abuse in ModelAdmin.list_editable
Details

An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30. Admin changelist forms using ModelAdmin.list_editable incorrectly allowed new instances to be created via forged POST data.

Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Cantina for reporting this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.30"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4292"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T15:40:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T15:17:46Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30. Admin changelist forms using `ModelAdmin.list_editable` incorrectly allowed new instances to be created via forged `POST` data.\n\nEarlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected.\nDjango would like to thank Cantina for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmwr-2jhp-mc7j",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T00:26:27Z",
  "published": "2026-04-07T15:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/security"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2026-53.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/django-announce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2026/apr/07/security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django vulnerable to privilege abuse in ModelAdmin.list_editable"
}

GHSA-MMXJ-523Q-GVXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:43
VLAI
Details

PostgreSQL versions before 9.4.13, 9.5.8 and 9.6.4 are vulnerable to authorization flaw allowing remote authenticated attackers with no privileges on a large object to overwrite the entire contents of the object, resulting in a denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-7548"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-16T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PostgreSQL versions before 9.4.13, 9.5.8 and 9.6.4 are vulnerable to authorization flaw allowing remote authenticated attackers with no privileges on a large object to overwrite the entire contents of the object, resulting in a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-mmxj-523q-gvxr",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:43:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3936"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100276"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039142"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP24-2JGC-FQ99

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The Newsletter2Go plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘style’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.13 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-1328"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T09:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Newsletter2Go plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the \u2018style\u2019 parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.13 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp24-2jgc-fq99",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:42Z",
  "published": "2024-03-12T09:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1328"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/newsletter2go/tags/4.0.13/gui/N2Go_Gui.php#L296"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/766ac399-7280-4186-8972-94da813da85e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP2R-C4G7-25W6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 09:34 – Updated: 2026-07-11 09:34
VLAI
Details

The NEX-Forms – Ultimate Forms Plugin for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 9.2.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to overwrite the saved_admin_email, saved_user_email, and saved_user_email_address fields of arbitrary form entries belonging to other users, and cause the site to dispatch attacker-controlled email content to attacker-chosen recipient addresses.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9017"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T07:16:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The NEX-Forms \u2013 Ultimate Forms Plugin for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 9.2.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to overwrite the saved_admin_email, saved_user_email, and saved_user_email_address fields of arbitrary form entries belonging to other users, and cause the site to dispatch attacker-controlled email content to attacker-chosen recipient addresses.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp2r-c4g7-25w6",
  "modified": "2026-07-11T09:34:18Z",
  "published": "2026-07-11T09:34:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.10/main.php#L2663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.10/main.php#L4636"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.10/main.php#L5288"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.13/main.php#L2663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.13/main.php#L4636"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/tags/9.1.13/main.php#L5288"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3584399%40nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder\u0026new=3584399%40nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0af9df66-8d82-4ae8-85a1-656d8ea40a7a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP2V-WWM5-4RRW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in eyecix JobSearch allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects JobSearch: from n/a through 2.5.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43929"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in eyecix JobSearch allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects JobSearch: from n/a through 2.5.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp2v-wwm5-4rrw",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43929"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-jobsearch/wordpress-jobsearch-wp-job-board-wordpress-plugin-plugin-2-5-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP3P-Q5F3-6CVV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-01 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:21
VLAI
Details

Permissions vulnerability found in Bludit CMS v.4.0.0 allows local attackers to escalate privileges via the role:admin parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-24674"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-01T10:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Permissions vulnerability found in Bludit CMS v.4.0.0 allows local attackers to escalate privileges via the role:admin parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp3p-q5f3-6cvv",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:21:01Z",
  "published": "2023-09-01T12:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24674"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cupc4k3.medium.com/cve-2023-24674-uncovering-a-privilege-escalation-vulnerability-in-bludit-cms-dcf86c41107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/%40cupc4k3/privilege-scalation-in-bludit-cms-dcf86c41107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@cupc4k3/privilege-scalation-in-bludit-cms-dcf86c41107"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP4J-2Q4V-GVFV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-30 15:30
VLAI
Details

The Strong Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check in the 'edit_rating' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.18. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Contributor-level access and above to modify or delete the rating meta on any testimonial post, including those created by other users, by reusing a valid nonce obtained from their own testimonial edit screen.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14426"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T13:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Strong Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check in the \u0027edit_rating\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.18. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Contributor-level access and above to modify or delete the rating meta on any testimonial post, including those created by other users, by reusing a valid nonce obtained from their own testimonial edit screen.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp4j-2q4v-gvfv",
  "modified": "2025-12-30T15:30:36Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T15:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14426"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/strong-testimonials/tags/3.2.18/admin/class-strong-testimonials-post-editor.php#L29"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/strong-testimonials/tags/3.2.18/admin/class-strong-testimonials-post-editor.php#L379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3416480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c83f48dd-9070-412d-b911-98581a81e29a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP4R-Q64F-52VF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Creative Motion Clearfy Cache allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Clearfy Cache: from n/a through 2.2.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43260"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Creative Motion Clearfy Cache allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Clearfy Cache: from n/a through 2.2.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp4r-q64f-52vf",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43260"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/clearfy/wordpress-clearfy-cache-plugin-2-2-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP5G-VCWW-PFHW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:52 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:52
VLAI
Details

Discuz! DiscuzX X3.4 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via the archiver\index.php action parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-5377"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-12T09:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Discuz! DiscuzX X3.4 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via the archiver\\index.php action parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp5g-vcww-pfhw",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:52:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:52:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.whsgwl.net/text.php?textid=36"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.