Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Weakness Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Property: Missing
  • Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate

Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-285 · View CWE-1000
  • Behavior-Property: Improper
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
  • Behavior-Property: Improper
  • Behavior-Type: Access Control
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.

Implementation

A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.

Operation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.

Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.

Effectiveness: Limited

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.

Manual Analysis

This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.

Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.

Effectiveness: Moderate

These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.

Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Host Application Interface Scanner

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Terminology

Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.

Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-05-24 · CWE 1.13
Contribution: "Mapping CWE to 62443" Sub-Working Group · CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT SIG · 2023-04-25 · CWE 4.11

Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.16

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-02-18 · CWE 2.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-01-19 · CWE 2.10

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

19845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6WC5-2MJJ-PMR6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-24 15:32
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: ip_gre: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink

A tunnel changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the tunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl changelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a caller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that lives in t->net.

Add rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() next to rtnl_get_net_ns_capable() in net/core/rtnetlink.c. It requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the link netns and is skipped when the link netns is dev_net(dev), where the rtnl path already checked it. The other patches in this series use the same helper.

Gate ipgre_changelink() and erspan_changelink() with it, at the top of the op before any attribute is parsed, because the parsers update live tunnel fields first. ipgre_netlink_parms() sets t->collect_md before ip_tunnel_changelink() runs.

Commit 8b484efd5cb4 ("ip6: vti: Use ip6_tnl.net in vti6_siocdevprivate().") added the same check on the ioctl path. This adds it on RTM_NEWLINK.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-63829"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T12:16:56Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_gre: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nA tunnel changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and\nthe tunnel link netns t-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in\nor moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t-\u003enet can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t-\u003enet.\n\nAdd rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() next to rtnl_get_net_ns_capable() in\nnet/core/rtnetlink.c. It requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the link netns and is\nskipped when the link netns is dev_net(dev), where the rtnl path already\nchecked it. The other patches in this series use the same helper.\n\nGate ipgre_changelink() and erspan_changelink() with it, at the top of\nthe op before any attribute is parsed, because the parsers update live\ntunnel fields first. ipgre_netlink_parms() sets t-\u003ecollect_md before\nip_tunnel_changelink() runs.\n\nCommit 8b484efd5cb4 (\"ip6: vti: Use ip6_tnl.net in\nvti6_siocdevprivate().\") added the same check on the ioctl path. This\nadds it on RTM_NEWLINK.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wc5-2mjj-pmr6",
  "modified": "2026-07-24T15:32:43Z",
  "published": "2026-07-19T12:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63829"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1697957eb0971d420dde42862b88eb43506a1105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19275943d8fe903eb7b9aa53e380e41efd042ada"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47b5d3d506609b08b2e1f7c14f0b681a1953d572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8165f7ff57d9667d2bb477ef6af83ede7fed4ad7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/866b0f5ae599490bd496fd84581c68ac8b94e6af"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92b766fc55156e0da2ecd0c2302c971118f8a229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9831bc9ecb402957810c2045c663fbfe9b09e296"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e54c05ed3d9c28733fb9e5837219aca3691defa3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WF4-4QM3-33W8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-12 15:32 – Updated: 2026-10-12 15:32
VLAI
Details

yshop-crm through 2.1.3 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows any authenticated back-office user to approve or reject receivables records by calling POST /admin-api/crm/contract-receivables/check. The handler lacks a @PreAuthorize check and the approver checks in CrmContractReceivablesServiceImpl.check are commented out, so attackers can approve records by id, inflating contract return_money and forging approval logs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-109172"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-12T13:17:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "yshop-crm through 2.1.3 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows any authenticated back-office user to approve or reject receivables records by calling POST /admin-api/crm/contract-receivables/check. The handler lacks a @PreAuthorize check and the approver checks in CrmContractReceivablesServiceImpl.check are commented out, so attackers can approve records by id, inflating contract return_money and forging approval logs.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wf4-4qm3-33w8",
  "modified": "2026-10-12T15:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-10-12T15:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109172"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AnkesKasty/cve-request-poc/blob/a7b6d1423555812d8efa26c91c5d0683164b31e5/yshop-crm/poc_crm_receivables_check.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/guchengwuyue/yshop-crm/blob/a77250f7ace63d5b6b363841d9ff441e0e2a9a6b/yshop-crm/sql/yshop-crm-open-source.sql#L2590"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/guchengwuyue/yshop-crm/blob/a77250f7ace63d5b6b363841d9ff441e0e2a9a6b/yshop-crm/yshop-module-crm/yshop-module-crm-biz/src/main/java/co/yixiang/yshop/module/crm/controller/admin/crmcontractreceivables/CrmContractReceivablesController.java#L79-L85"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/guchengwuyue/yshop-crm/blob/a77250f7ace63d5b6b363841d9ff441e0e2a9a6b/yshop-crm/yshop-module-crm/yshop-module-crm-biz/src/main/java/co/yixiang/yshop/module/crm/service/crmcontractreceivables/CrmContractReceivablesServiceImpl.java#L228-L327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/yshop-crm-through-2.1.3-missing-authorization-via-contract-receivables-check-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WF4-QP9F-C3XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.1.2 pipeline modification was possible due to improper permission checks

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59796"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.1.2 pipeline modification was possible due to improper permission checks",
  "id": "GHSA-6wf4-qp9f-c3xh",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WFG-97VQ-VXMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-04 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-07 00:30
VLAI
Details

In wifi service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-42694"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-04T01:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In wifi service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed",
  "id": "GHSA-6wfg-97vq-vxmg",
  "modified": "2023-12-07T00:30:38Z",
  "published": "2023-12-04T03:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1731138365803266049"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WFW-FW32-2H84

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-21 15:42 – Updated: 2026-10-21 15:42
VLAI
Details

Shopper from 2.0.0 before 2.6.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows admin-panel users holding only access_dashboard to create administrators and grant permissions. Attackers can call CreateTeamMember::store() or Permissions::togglePermission() directly over /livewire/update to create admin accounts and escalate to full administrator.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-114387"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-21T13:18:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Shopper from 2.0.0 before 2.6.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows admin-panel users holding only access_dashboard to create administrators and grant permissions. Attackers can call CreateTeamMember::store() or Permissions::togglePermission() directly over /livewire/update to create admin accounts and escalate to full administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wfw-fw32-2h84",
  "modified": "2026-10-21T15:42:27Z",
  "published": "2026-10-21T15:42:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-114387"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/issues/433"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/commit/d1ac6cee2f02e5a84262fbeb87c689bd38df672f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/blob/v2.5.0/packages/admin/src/Livewire/Components/Settings/Team/Permissions.php#L18-L49"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/blob/v2.5.0/packages/admin/src/Livewire/SlideOvers/CreateTeamMember.php#L102-L123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/releases/tag/v2.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/shopper-2.0.0-before-2.6.0-privilege-escalation-via-unguarded-livewire-components"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WG9-WP67-2G3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpradiant Chocolate House chocolate-house allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chocolate House: from n/a through <= 1.1.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32350"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpradiant Chocolate House chocolate-house allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chocolate House: from n/a through \u003c= 1.1.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wg9-wp67-2g3r",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:48Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32350"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/chocolate-house/vulnerability/wordpress-chocolate-house-theme-1-1-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WH4-R87P-4QFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-19 15:32 – Updated: 2026-10-19 15:32
VLAI
Details

Frappe CRM before 1.81.2 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows authenticated Sales Users to access other users' CRM Notification records due to absent permission hooks. Attackers can query frappe.client endpoints filtering on to_user or call mark_as_read with another user argument to read, mark read, or delete others' notifications.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-111937"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-19T14:17:01Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Frappe CRM before 1.81.2 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows authenticated Sales Users to access other users\u0027 CRM Notification records due to absent permission hooks. Attackers can query frappe.client endpoints filtering on to_user or call mark_as_read with another user argument to read, mark read, or delete others\u0027 notifications.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wh4-r87p-4qfj",
  "modified": "2026-10-19T15:32:39Z",
  "published": "2026-10-19T15:32:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/security/advisories/GHSA-4rjw-6mxx-m345"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111937"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/commit/a24d73acefa7f98f46903858514444442ce57614"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/blob/v1.81.1/crm/api/notifications.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/blob/v1.81.1/crm/fcrm/doctype/crm_notification/crm_notification.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/blob/v1.81.1/crm/hooks.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/crm/releases/tag/v1.81.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-crm-before-1.81.2-missing-authorization-on-crm-notification-records"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WH7-WG3P-86M2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-01 09:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink N350RT 9.3.5u.6265. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-250786 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0570"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T14:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink N350RT 9.3.5u.6265. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-250786 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wh7-wg3p-86m2",
  "modified": "2024-04-01T09:30:31Z",
  "published": "2024-01-16T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xmGHvjMTaOn7v6buju5Ifuti3q47G7yF/view?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.250786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.250786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.263655"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6WHJ-7QMG-86QJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 17:31 – Updated: 2026-02-03 16:09
VLAI
Summary
Khoj has an IDOR in Notion OAuth Flow that Enables Index Poisoning
Details

Summary

An IDOR in the Notion OAuth callback allows an attacker to hijack any user's Notion integration by manipulating the state parameter. The callback endpoint accepts any user UUID without verifying the OAuth flow was initiated by that user, allowing attackers to replace victims' Notion configurations with their own, resulting in data poisoning and unauthorized access to the victim's Khoj search index.

This attack requires knowing the user's UUID which can be leaked through shared conversations where an AI generated image is present.

Details

When users share conversations which contain AI generated images, the file path for the image is constructed using the user's UUID. Knowing this UUID, an attacker is able to intercept the OAuth callback for Notion and replace the state parameter with the other user's UUID and sync notion onto their account.

PoC

The vulnerable line of code exists in src/khoj/routers/notion.py on the callback endpoint.

@notion_router.get("/auth/callback")
async def notion_auth_callback(request: Request, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
    code = request.query_params.get("code")
    state = request.query_params.get("state")  # <-- Attacker controlled
    if not code or not state:
        return Response("Missing code or state", status_code=400)

    user: KhojUser = await aget_user_by_uuid(state)  # <-- No verification!

    await NotionConfig.objects.filter(user=user).adelete()  # <-- Deletes victim's config

    # ... OAuth token exchange ...

    access_token = final_response.get("access_token")
    await NotionConfig.objects.acreate(token=access_token, user=user)  # <-- Stores attacker's token

To exploit is relatively easy. Once we know the victim's UUID, we simply initiate the Notion sync process on our own account and intercept the callback, replacing the state parameter with the victim's UUID.

Impact

Deletes user's existing Notion sync and replaces it with attacker-controlled Notion. Could allow for index poisoning. I'm not entirely sure what Khoj does with synced files but if it's being passed as context to an LLM then I can imagine there's potential here.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "khoj"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.0b25.dev3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-02T17:31:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T23:16:01Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn IDOR in the Notion OAuth callback allows an attacker to hijack any user\u0027s Notion integration by manipulating the state parameter. The callback endpoint accepts any user UUID without verifying the OAuth flow was initiated by that user, allowing attackers to replace victims\u0027 Notion configurations with their own, resulting in data poisoning and unauthorized access to the victim\u0027s Khoj search index.\n\nThis attack requires knowing the user\u0027s UUID which can be leaked through shared conversations where an AI generated image is present.\n\n### Details\nWhen users share conversations which contain AI generated images, the file path for the image is constructed using the user\u0027s UUID. Knowing this UUID, an attacker is able to intercept the OAuth callback for Notion and replace the `state` parameter with the other user\u0027s UUID and sync notion onto their account.\n\n### PoC\n\nThe vulnerable line of code exists in `src/khoj/routers/notion.py` on the callback endpoint.\n```python\n@notion_router.get(\"/auth/callback\")\nasync def notion_auth_callback(request: Request, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):\n    code = request.query_params.get(\"code\")\n    state = request.query_params.get(\"state\")  # \u003c-- Attacker controlled\n    if not code or not state:\n        return Response(\"Missing code or state\", status_code=400)\n\n    user: KhojUser = await aget_user_by_uuid(state)  # \u003c-- No verification!\n\n    await NotionConfig.objects.filter(user=user).adelete()  # \u003c-- Deletes victim\u0027s config\n    \n    # ... OAuth token exchange ...\n    \n    access_token = final_response.get(\"access_token\")\n    await NotionConfig.objects.acreate(token=access_token, user=user)  # \u003c-- Stores attacker\u0027s token\n```\n\nTo exploit is relatively easy. Once we know the victim\u0027s UUID, we simply initiate the Notion sync process on our own account and intercept the callback, replacing the `state` parameter with the victim\u0027s UUID.\n\n### Impact\nDeletes user\u0027s existing Notion sync and replaces it with attacker-controlled Notion. Could allow for index poisoning. I\u0027m not entirely sure what Khoj does with synced files but if it\u0027s being passed as context to an LLM then I can imagine there\u0027s potential here.",
  "id": "GHSA-6whj-7qmg-86qj",
  "modified": "2026-02-03T16:09:54Z",
  "published": "2026-02-02T17:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/khoj-ai/khoj/security/advisories/GHSA-6whj-7qmg-86qj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/khoj-ai/khoj/commit/1b7ccd141d47f365edeccc57d7316cb0913d748b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/khoj-ai/khoj"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/khoj-ai/khoj/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Khoj has an IDOR in Notion OAuth Flow that Enables Index Poisoning"
}

GHSA-6WHQ-32JC-QMHX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 00:31 – Updated: 2026-10-13 00:31
VLAI
Details

Frappe ERPNext before 15.121.0 and 16.x before 16.34.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in which certain endpoints fail to enforce proper permission checks. Authenticated attackers can call these endpoints to read data beyond what their assigned role permits.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-109630"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-12T23:17:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Frappe ERPNext before 15.121.0 and 16.x before 16.34.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in which certain endpoints fail to enforce proper permission checks. Authenticated attackers can call these endpoints to read data beyond what their assigned role permits.",
  "id": "GHSA-6whq-32jc-qmhx",
  "modified": "2026-10-13T00:31:30Z",
  "published": "2026-10-13T00:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/security/advisories/GHSA-pr7v-95jp-gwwv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109630"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-erpnext-before-15.121.0-missing-authorization-in-endpoints"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.