CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6VJH-7WPQ-7JV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-12 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-12 15:31WWBN AVideo through commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1 fails to validate watch permissions in the playListAddVideo.json.php endpoint when adding videos to playlists. Authenticated attackers can add password-protected videos they cannot watch to playlists they own by submitting the video ID and playlist ID parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-90540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-12T13:16:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WWBN AVideo through commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1 fails to validate watch permissions in the playListAddVideo.json.php endpoint when adding videos to playlists. Authenticated attackers can add password-protected videos they cannot watch to playlists they own by submitting the video ID and playlist ID parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-6vjh-7wpq-7jv4",
"modified": "2026-09-12T15:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-09-12T15:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-xhg9-rc5h-rp65"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-90540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wwbn-avideo-missing-authorization-via-playlistaddvideo-json-php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VJM-3J93-7V9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-05 06:32 – Updated: 2026-09-05 06:32The Theme My Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to, and including, 7.1.15 on Multisite installations. This is due to the tml_ms_signup_handler() function's gimmeanotherblog branch failing to enforce the network's active_signup registration policy, checking only is_user_logged_in() while sibling branches such as validate-blog-signup apply the full policy gate. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to directly POST stage=gimmeanotherblog to Theme My Login's signup route, bypassing the configured registration policy entirely — even when it is set to none or user — which causes wpmu_create_blog() to execute with the attacker's user ID, after which WordPress core assigns the Administrator role on the newly created subsite via add_user_to_blog(). The privilege gain is scoped to the newly created subsite only; the attacker's account retains Subscriber-level access on the main site and does not obtain Super Admin or network-level capabilities such as manage_network or manage_sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-83628"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-05T06:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Theme My Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in versions up to, and including, 7.1.15 on Multisite installations. This is due to the `tml_ms_signup_handler()` function\u0027s `gimmeanotherblog` branch failing to enforce the network\u0027s `active_signup` registration policy, checking only `is_user_logged_in()` while sibling branches such as `validate-blog-signup` apply the full policy gate. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to directly POST `stage=gimmeanotherblog` to Theme My Login\u0027s signup route, bypassing the configured registration policy entirely \u2014 even when it is set to `none` or `user` \u2014 which causes `wpmu_create_blog()` to execute with the attacker\u0027s user ID, after which WordPress core assigns the Administrator role on the newly created subsite via `add_user_to_blog()`. The privilege gain is scoped to the newly created subsite only; the attacker\u0027s account retains Subscriber-level access on the main site and does not obtain Super Admin or network-level capabilities such as `manage_network` or `manage_sites`.",
"id": "GHSA-6vjm-3j93-7v9p",
"modified": "2026-09-05T06:32:38Z",
"published": "2026-09-05T06:32:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-83628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/theme-my-login/tags/7.1.15/includes/ms-functions.php#L580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/theme-my-login/tags/7.1.15/includes/ms-functions.php#L661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/theme-my-login/tags/7.1.15/includes/ms-functions.php#L708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3669721/theme-my-login/trunk/includes/ms-functions.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Ftheme-my-login/tags/7.1.15\u0026new_path=%2Ftheme-my-login/tags/7.2.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026new=3669722%40theme-my-login%2Ftags%2F7.2.0\u0026old=3643898%40theme-my-login%2Ftags%2F7.1.15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/72585c12-baa9-4c63-8584-906a1d3b332f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VJQ-5M83-4PPV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:23In vowifiservice, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38437"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T02:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In vowifiservice, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges",
"id": "GHSA-6vjq-5m83-4ppv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:23:13Z",
"published": "2023-09-04T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1698296481653522434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VJR-4R2M-7PGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-11 18:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in Post SMTP Post SMTP Mailer/Email Log.This issue affects Post SMTP Mailer/Email Log: from n/a through 2.8.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T16:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Post SMTP Post SMTP Mailer/Email Log.This issue affects Post SMTP Mailer/Email Log: from n/a through 2.8.6.",
"id": "GHSA-6vjr-4r2m-7pgg",
"modified": "2024-06-11T18:30:45Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T18:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/post-smtp/wordpress-post-smtp-mailer-plugin-2-8-6-broken-access-control-on-api-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VMP-H465-WGH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21In multiple functions of ContentProvider.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing URI validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9. Android ID: A-112555574.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9548"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-06T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In multiple functions of ContentProvider.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing URI validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9. Android ID: A-112555574.",
"id": "GHSA-6vmp-h465-wgh7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-12-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106067"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VPQ-RP42-RR52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Gallagher Command Centre Server allows OSDP key material to be exposed to Command Centre Operators. This issue affects: Gallagher Command Centre 8.40 versions prior to 8.40.1888 (MR3); 8.30 versions prior to 8.30.1359 (MR3).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-11T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Gallagher Command Centre Server allows OSDP key material to be exposed to Command Centre Operators. This issue affects: Gallagher Command Centre 8.40 versions prior to 8.40.1888 (MR3); 8.30 versions prior to 8.30.1359 (MR3).",
"id": "GHSA-6vpq-rp42-rr52",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gallagher.com/Security-Advisories/CVE-2021-23204"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6VPQ-VH6P-86QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-20 12:31 – Updated: 2026-10-20 12:31The AJAX routes of the extension do not check whether a backend user has access to the related module or dashboard widget. Any backend user can therefore retrieve analytics data of the sites they have page access to.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-112070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-20T10:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The AJAX routes of the extension do not check whether a backend user has access to the related module or dashboard widget. Any backend user can therefore retrieve analytics data of the sites they have page access to.",
"id": "GHSA-6vpq-vh6p-86qr",
"modified": "2026-10-20T12:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-10-20T12:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-112070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2026-031"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VRH-FHX3-HM46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 03:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 03:31Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Cloud Connector, an attacker on an adjacent network with low privileges could send a crafted request to the endpoint responsible for testing LDAP connections. A successful exploit could lead to reduced performance, hence a low-impact on availability of the service. Confidentiality and integrity of the data are not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42955"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T03:15:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Cloud Connector, an attacker on an adjacent network with low privileges could send a crafted request to the endpoint responsible for testing LDAP connections. A successful exploit could lead to reduced performance, hence a low-impact on availability of the service. Confidentiality and integrity of the data are not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-6vrh-fhx3-hm46",
"modified": "2025-08-12T03:31:52Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T03:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3611345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VV8-6FWH-QQC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:03In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-6vv8-6fwh-qqc5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:03:47Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6VVF-9QJ9-6MW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:32WEPA Print Away does not verify that a user has authorization to access documents before generating print orders and associated release codes. This could allow an attacker to generate print orders and release codes for documents they don´t own and print hem without authorization. In order to exploit this vulnerability, the user must have an account with wepanow.com or any of the institutions they serve, and be logged in.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-03T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WEPA Print Away does not verify that a user has authorization to access documents before generating print orders and associated release codes. This could allow an attacker to generate print orders and release codes for documents they don\u00b4t own and print hem without authorization. In order to exploit this vulnerability, the user must have an account with wepanow.com or any of the institutions they serve, and be logged in.",
"id": "GHSA-6vvf-9qj9-6mw8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:32:28Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://enrique.wtf/CVE-2022-42909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/early-warning/security-advisories/multiple-vulnerabilities-wepa-print-away"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.