Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
16845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FR27-WF3P-8QG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-03-22 15:31
VLAI
Details
JetAudio jetCast Server 2.0 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Log Directory configuration field that allows local attackers to overwrite structured exception handling pointers. Attackers can inject alphanumeric encoded shellcode through the Log Directory field to trigger an SEH exception handler and execute arbitrary code with application privileges.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-22T14:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "JetAudio jetCast Server 2.0 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Log Directory configuration field that allows local attackers to overwrite structured exception handling pointers. Attackers can inject alphanumeric encoded shellcode through the Log Directory field to trigger an SEH exception handler and execute arbitrary code with application privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-fr27-wf3p-8qg9",
"modified": "2026-03-22T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-22T15:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jetaudio-jetcast-server-local-seh-buffer-overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.jetaudio.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.jetaudio.com/download/5fc01426-741d-41b8-a120-d890330ec672/jetAudio/Download/jetCast/build/JCS2000.exe"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR2C-799Q-PG3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:32
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dlm: validate length in dlm_search_rsb_tree
The len parameter in dlm_dump_rsb_name() is not validated and comes from network messages. When it exceeds DLM_RESNAME_MAXLEN, it can cause out-of-bounds write in dlm_search_rsb_tree().
Add length validation to prevent potential buffer overflow.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-130",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T12:16:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndlm: validate length in dlm_search_rsb_tree\n\nThe len parameter in dlm_dump_rsb_name() is not validated and comes\nfrom network messages. When it exceeds DLM_RESNAME_MAXLEN, it can\ncause out-of-bounds write in dlm_search_rsb_tree().\n\nAdd length validation to prevent potential buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-fr2c-799q-pg3x",
"modified": "2026-10-30T15:32:34Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-43125.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c98d071a1ca903b705316225e47006aaa20e989c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67288113c5e6cf9e659b4065c0ed6f16100e0c71"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f053a2e7209d326cbbc07738fa6d6893d307438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2deafd015ea9a0e75ee5764e20eb1e16bd73efd8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/082083c9fbd99422a0370fe2102144a231c9f5d6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/080e5563f878c64e697b89e7439d730d0daad882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0270664871616eb3a5c864b9aa17be76fd35b920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2467234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-43125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:56225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:56224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:55837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:55763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:55762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:55761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:35863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:35844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR2Q-H4VV-R9CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the setfilparams function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15837.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the setfilparams function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15837.",
"id": "GHSA-fr2q-h4vv-r9cc",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-03-28T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://netatalk.sourceforge.io/3.1/ReleaseNotes3.1.13.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/709991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-529"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR2V-4W3G-V7VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-10-04 18:31
VLAI
Details
cute_png v1.05 was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via the cp_unfilter() function at cute_png.h.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-01T14:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "cute_png v1.05 was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via the cp_unfilter() function at cute_png.h.",
"id": "GHSA-fr2v-4w3g-v7vf",
"modified": "2024-10-04T18:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-10-01T15:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/cute_headers/cute_png/heapof-r1-cp_unfilter-cute_png-1019c11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/cute_headers/cute_png/heapof-r1-cp_unfilter-cute_png-1019c11/poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/cute_headers/cute_png/heapof-r1-cp_unfilter-cute_png-1019c11/poc/sample6.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/cute_headers/cute_png/heapof-r1-cp_unfilter-cute_png-1019c11/vulDescription.assets/image-20240527232602298.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/cute_headers/cute_png/heapof-r1-cp_unfilter-cute_png-1019c11/vulDescription.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR2X-V9JV-FMR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in Extreme Networks ExtremeWireless WiNG 5.x before 5.8.6.9 and 5.9.x before 5.9.1.3. There is a Remote, Unauthenticated Heap Overflow in the HSD Process over the MINT (Media Independent Tunnel) Protocol on the WiNG Access Point via crafted packets.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-05T04:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Extreme Networks ExtremeWireless WiNG 5.x before 5.8.6.9 and 5.9.x before 5.9.1.3. There is a Remote, Unauthenticated Heap Overflow in the HSD Process over the MINT (Media Independent Tunnel) Protocol on the WiNG Access Point via crafted packets.",
"id": "GHSA-fr2x-v9jv-fmr7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gtacknowledge.extremenetworks.com/articles/Vulnerability_Notice/VN-2018-003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR4G-6WP8-4CR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-05 00:00
VLAI
Details
NVIDIA DGX A100 contains a vulnerability in SBIOS in the IpSecDxe, where a user with elevated privileges and a preconditioned heap can exploit an out-of-bounds write vulnerability, which may lead to code execution, denial of service, data integrity impact, and information disclosure.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-04T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA DGX A100 contains a vulnerability in SBIOS in the IpSecDxe, where a user with elevated privileges and a preconditioned heap can exploit an out-of-bounds write vulnerability, which may lead to code execution, denial of service, data integrity impact, and information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4g-6wp8-4cr3",
"modified": "2022-07-05T00:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-07-05T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31602"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5367"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR4J-CP66-9WC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-26 00:32
VLAI
Details
BusyBox passwd/group tokenize() references a stale endpoint pointer after trimming, causing an out-of-bounds write of heap pointers.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-88839"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-23T18:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BusyBox passwd/group tokenize() references a stale endpoint pointer after trimming, causing an out-of-bounds write of heap pointers.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4j-cp66-9wc4",
"modified": "2026-09-26T00:32:18Z",
"published": "2026-09-23T18:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:72111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-88839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2531353"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR4W-F37F-V3J4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:25
VLAI
Details
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local esclation of privileges with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08017365; Issue ID: ALPS08017365.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32812"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T03:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local esclation of privileges with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08017365; Issue ID: ALPS08017365.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4w-f37f-v3j4",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:25:10Z",
"published": "2023-09-04T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/September-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR5V-C69H-GWR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:31
VLAI
Details
In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0114"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T21:16:44Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-fr5v-c69h-gwr7",
"modified": "2026-03-11T15:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-03-10T21:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-03-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/2026/2026-03-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2026-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR69-2JFX-9JWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 18:32 – Updated: 2026-06-09 12:31
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.3.b allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58413"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T17:16:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.3.b allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets",
"id": "GHSA-fr69-2jfx-9jwf",
"modified": "2026-06-09T12:31:59Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T18:32:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-632"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.