CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
16845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CVJG-CVMP-5RQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-11 00:02MediaTek microchips, as used in NETGEAR devices through 2021-11-11 and other devices, mishandle the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) protocol.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "MediaTek microchips, as used in NETGEAR devices through 2021-11-11 and other devices, mishandle the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-cvjg-cvmp-5rqm",
"modified": "2022-01-11T00:02:06Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064368/Security-Advisory-for-WiFi-WPS-and-IEEE-1905-Vulnerabilities-on-Multiple-Products-PSV-2021-0298-PSV-2021-0300"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CVJH-V93Q-8C36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22Incorrect pointer management in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 72.0.3626.81 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5764"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-19T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect pointer management in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 72.0.3626.81 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-cvjh-v93q-8c36",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:22:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/913246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JVFHYCJGMZQUKYSIE2BXE4NLEGFGUXU5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZQOP53LXXPRGD4N5OBKGQTSMFXT32LF6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106767"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVM4-PPM7-PX2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-24 00:30Soda PDF Desktop PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Soda PDF Desktop. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-27120.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14409"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-23T22:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Soda PDF Desktop PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Soda PDF Desktop. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-27120.",
"id": "GHSA-cvm4-ppm7-px2p",
"modified": "2025-12-24T00:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-12-24T00:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-1082"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVP4-7HM2-FV9M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2024-12-12 03:33In the Mullvad VPN client 2024.6 (Desktop), 2024.8 (iOS), and 2024.8-beta1 (Android), the exception-handling alternate stack can be exhausted, leading to heap-based out-of-bounds writes in enable() in exception_logging/unix.rs, aka MLLVD-CR-24-01. NOTE: achieving code execution is considered non-trivial.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:08:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the Mullvad VPN client 2024.6 (Desktop), 2024.8 (iOS), and 2024.8-beta1 (Android), the exception-handling alternate stack can be exhausted, leading to heap-based out-of-bounds writes in enable() in exception_logging/unix.rs, aka MLLVD-CR-24-01. NOTE: achieving code execution is considered non-trivial.",
"id": "GHSA-cvp4-7hm2-fv9m",
"modified": "2024-12-12T03:33:05Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T03:33:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/commit/ef6c862071b26023802b00d6e1dc6ca53d1ab3e6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42390768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x41-dsec.de/news/2024/12/11/mullvad"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVPC-8PHH-8F45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-25 18:28 – Updated: 2024-10-28 15:02Impact
In TensorFlow Lite, saved models in the flatbuffer format use a double indexing scheme: a model has a set of subgraphs, each subgraph has a set of operators and each operator has a set of input/output tensors. The flatbuffer format uses indices for the tensors, indexing into an array of tensors that is owned by the subgraph. This results in a pattern of double array indexing when trying to get the data of each tensor: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/kernel_util.cc#L36
However, some operators can have some tensors be optional. To handle this scenario, the flatbuffer model uses a negative -1 value as index for these tensors:
https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/c/common.h#L82
This results in special casing during validation at model loading time: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/core/subgraph.cc#L566-L580
Unfortunately, this means that the -1 index is a valid tensor index for any operator, including those that don't expect optional inputs and including for output tensors. Thus, this allows writing and reading from outside the bounds of heap allocated arrays, although only at a specific offset from the start of these arrays.
This results in both read and write gadgets, albeit very limited in scope.
Patches
We have patched the issue in several commits (46d5b0852, 00302787b7, e11f5558, cd31fd0ce, 1970c21, and fff2c83). We will release patch releases for all versions between 1.15 and 2.3.
We recommend users to upgrade to TensorFlow 1.15.4, 2.0.3, 2.1.2, 2.2.1, or 2.3.1.
Workarounds
A potential workaround would be to add a custom Verifier to the model loading code to ensure that only operators which accept optional inputs use the -1 special value and only for the tensors that they expect to be optional. Since this allow-list type approach is erro-prone, we advise upgrading to the patched code.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.
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"aliases": [
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"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
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"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-25T18:13:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIn TensorFlow Lite, saved models in the flatbuffer format use a double indexing scheme: a model has a set of subgraphs, each subgraph has a set of operators and each operator has a set of input/output tensors. The flatbuffer format uses indices for the tensors, indexing into an array of tensors that is owned by the subgraph. This results in a pattern of double array indexing when trying to get the data of each tensor: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/kernels/kernel_util.cc#L36\n\nHowever, some operators can have some tensors be optional. To handle this scenario, the flatbuffer model uses a negative `-1` value as index for these tensors:\nhttps://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/c/common.h#L82\n\nThis results in special casing during validation at model loading time: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/0e68f4d3295eb0281a517c3662f6698992b7b2cf/tensorflow/lite/core/subgraph.cc#L566-L580\n\nUnfortunately, this means that the `-1` index is a valid tensor index for any operator, including those that don\u0027t expect optional inputs and including for output tensors. Thus, this allows writing and reading from outside the bounds of heap allocated arrays, although only at a specific offset from the start of these arrays.\n\nThis results in both read and write gadgets, albeit very limited in scope.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in several commits (46d5b0852, 00302787b7, e11f5558, cd31fd0ce, 1970c21, and fff2c83). We will release patch releases for all versions between 1.15 and 2.3.\n\nWe recommend users to upgrade to TensorFlow 1.15.4, 2.0.3, 2.1.2, 2.2.1, or 2.3.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nA potential workaround would be to add a custom `Verifier` to the model loading code to ensure that only operators which accept optional inputs use the `-1` special value and only for the tensors that they expect to be optional. Since this allow-list type approach is erro-prone, we advise upgrading to the patched code.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.",
"id": "GHSA-cvpc-8phh-8f45",
"modified": "2024-10-28T15:02:07Z",
"published": "2020-09-25T18:28:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-cvpc-8phh-8f45"
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"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15211"
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/fff2c8326280c07733828f990548979bdc893859"
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"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/46d5b0852528ddfd614ded79bccc75589f801bd9"
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"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/42ed6ac86856956da65b5957a26fab130ff9471c"
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"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
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"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2020-134.yaml"
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"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.3.1"
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"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00065.html"
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"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
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"summary": "Out of bounds access in tensorflow-lite"
}
GHSA-CVVM-X945-2WWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-07 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-07 09:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink X2000R_V2 2.0.0-B20230727.10434. This vulnerability affects the function formTmultiAP of the file /bin/boa. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. VDB-249742 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
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"aliases": [
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"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
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"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-07T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Totolink X2000R_V2 2.0.0-B20230727.10434. This vulnerability affects the function formTmultiAP of the file /bin/boa. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. VDB-249742 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cvvm-x945-2wwp",
"modified": "2024-01-07T09:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-01-07T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unpWn4bL3/iot-security/blob/main/13.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249742"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CVW9-MJ35-RWH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the addurlfilter parameter in /goform/websURLFilter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the addurlfilter parameter in /goform/websURLFilter.",
"id": "GHSA-cvw9-mj35-rwh8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/d-link/dir-816/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW2R-8W54-V2X8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-27 21:32This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. Crafted data in a U3D file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18649.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. Crafted data in a U3D file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18649.",
"id": "GHSA-cw2r-8w54-v2x8",
"modified": "2024-11-27T21:32:37Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tracker-software.com/product/pdf-xchange-editor/history"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1371"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW3P-2F69-7G9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-04 00:00Tenda AC Series Router AC18_V15.03.05.19(6318) was discovered to contain a heap overflow in the httpd module when handling /goform/saveParentControlInfo request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC Series Router AC18_V15.03.05.19(6318) was discovered to contain a heap overflow in the httpd module when handling /goform/saveParentControlInfo request.",
"id": "GHSA-cw3p-2f69-7g9p",
"modified": "2022-06-04T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-27T00:00:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lcyfrank/VulnRepo/tree/master/IoT/Tenda/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW47-5XMH-QVQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-18 21:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rsi: Fix memory corruption due to not set vif driver data size
The struct ieee80211_vif contains trailing space for vif driver data, when struct ieee80211_vif is allocated, the total memory size that is allocated is sizeof(struct ieee80211_vif) + size of vif driver data. The size of vif driver data is set by each WiFi driver as needed.
The RSI911x driver does not set vif driver data size, no trailing space for vif driver data is therefore allocated past struct ieee80211_vif . The RSI911x driver does however use the vif driver data to store its vif driver data structure "struct vif_priv". An access to vif->drv_priv leads to access out of struct ieee80211_vif bounds and corruption of some memory.
In case of the failure observed locally, rsi_mac80211_add_interface() would write struct vif_priv *vif_info = (struct vif_priv *)vif->drv_priv; vif_info->vap_id = vap_idx. This write corrupts struct fq_tin member struct list_head new_flows . The flow = list_first_entry(head, struct fq_flow, flowchain); in fq_tin_reset() then reports non-NULL bogus address, which when accessed causes a crash.
The trigger is very simple, boot the machine with init=/bin/sh , mount devtmpfs, sysfs, procfs, and then do "ip link set wlan0 up", "sleep 1", "ip link set wlan0 down" and the crash occurs.
Fix this by setting the correct size of vif driver data, which is the size of "struct vif_priv", so that memory is allocated and the driver can store its driver data in it, instead of corrupting memory around it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T17:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rsi: Fix memory corruption due to not set vif driver data size\n\nThe struct ieee80211_vif contains trailing space for vif driver data,\nwhen struct ieee80211_vif is allocated, the total memory size that is\nallocated is sizeof(struct ieee80211_vif) + size of vif driver data.\nThe size of vif driver data is set by each WiFi driver as needed.\n\nThe RSI911x driver does not set vif driver data size, no trailing space\nfor vif driver data is therefore allocated past struct ieee80211_vif .\nThe RSI911x driver does however use the vif driver data to store its\nvif driver data structure \"struct vif_priv\". An access to vif-\u003edrv_priv\nleads to access out of struct ieee80211_vif bounds and corruption of\nsome memory.\n\nIn case of the failure observed locally, rsi_mac80211_add_interface()\nwould write struct vif_priv *vif_info = (struct vif_priv *)vif-\u003edrv_priv;\nvif_info-\u003evap_id = vap_idx. This write corrupts struct fq_tin member\nstruct list_head new_flows . The flow = list_first_entry(head, struct\nfq_flow, flowchain); in fq_tin_reset() then reports non-NULL bogus\naddress, which when accessed causes a crash.\n\nThe trigger is very simple, boot the machine with init=/bin/sh , mount\ndevtmpfs, sysfs, procfs, and then do \"ip link set wlan0 up\", \"sleep 1\",\n\"ip link set wlan0 down\" and the crash occurs.\n\nFix this by setting the correct size of vif driver data, which is the\nsize of \"struct vif_priv\", so that memory is allocated and the driver\ncan store its driver data in it, instead of corrupting memory around\nit.",
"id": "GHSA-cw47-5xmh-qvq4",
"modified": "2026-03-18T21:32:57Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T18:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d7c9e793e351cbbe9e06a9ca47d77b6ad288fb0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31efbcff90884ea5f65bf3d1de01267db51ee3d1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49ef094fdbc3526e5db2aebb404b84f79c5603dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f431d88ea8093afc7ba55edf4652978c5a68f33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7761d7801f40e61069b4df3db88b36d80d089f8a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c54d0c3e2cad4300be721ec2aecfcf8a63bc9f4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99129d80a5d4989ef8566f434f3589f60f28042b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.