CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17066 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VP5V-82JP-8JVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 18:32 – Updated: 2025-03-11 18:32Illustrator versions 29.2.1, 28.7.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T18:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Illustrator versions 29.2.1, 28.7.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-vp5v-82jp-8jvv",
"modified": "2025-03-11T18:32:21Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T18:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb25-17.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP69-432X-298J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the function formDelAd.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the function formDelAd.",
"id": "GHSA-vp69-432x-298j",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xxy1126/Vuln/tree/main/Tenda%20M3/formDelAd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP6C-CPGR-622F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 09:31 – Updated: 2025-05-07 09:31An Heap-based Buffer Overflow in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier allows an attacker to induce a crash in IO devices that use the library by sending a malicious RPC packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T07:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Heap-based Buffer Overflow in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier allows an attacker to induce a crash in IO devices that use the library by sending a malicious RPC packet.",
"id": "GHSA-vp6c-cpgr-622f",
"modified": "2025-05-07T09:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-05-07T09:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-32400"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP6P-93MP-PF7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:14A specifically crafted PDF file can lead to a heap corruption when opened in NitroPDF 12.12.1.522. With careful memory manipulation, this can lead to arbitrary code execution. In order to trigger this vulnerability, the victim would need to open the malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5048"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A specifically crafted PDF file can lead to a heap corruption when opened in NitroPDF 12.12.1.522. With careful memory manipulation, this can lead to arbitrary code execution. In order to trigger this vulnerability, the victim would need to open the malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-vp6p-93mp-pf7g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:14:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0817"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP6P-W92W-V298
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2023-05-03 12:30A stack-buffer-overflow occurs in Atomicparsley 20210124.204813.840499f through APar_readX() in src/util.cpp while parsing a crafted mp4 file because of the missing boundary check.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-04T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack-buffer-overflow occurs in Atomicparsley 20210124.204813.840499f through APar_readX() in src/util.cpp while parsing a crafted mp4 file because of the missing boundary check.",
"id": "GHSA-vp6p-w92w-v298",
"modified": "2023-05-03T12:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley/issues/30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley/pull/31#issue-687280335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP6V-57G2-V7VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-27 00:00DOS / potential heap overwrite in mkv demuxing using lzo decompression. Integer overflow in matroskademux element in lzo decompression function which causes a segfault, or could cause a heap overwrite, depending on libc and OS. Depending on the libc used, and the underlying OS capabilities, it could be just a segfault or a heap overwrite. If the libc uses mmap for large chunks, and the OS supports mmap, then it is just a segfault (because the realloc before the integer overflow will use mremap to reduce the size of the chunk, and it will start to write to unmapped memory). However, if using a libc implementation that does not use mmap, or if the OS does not support mmap while using libc, then this could result in a heap overwrite.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-19T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DOS / potential heap overwrite in mkv demuxing using lzo decompression. Integer overflow in matroskademux element in lzo decompression function which causes a segfault, or could cause a heap overwrite, depending on libc and OS. Depending on the libc used, and the underlying OS capabilities, it could be just a segfault or a heap overwrite. If the libc uses mmap for large chunks, and the OS supports mmap, then it is just a segfault (because the realloc before the integer overflow will use mremap to reduce the size of the chunk, and it will start to write to unmapped memory). However, if using a libc implementation that does not use mmap, or if the OS does not support mmap while using libc, then this could result in a heap overwrite.",
"id": "GHSA-vp6v-57g2-v7vw",
"modified": "2022-07-27T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-07-20T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer/-/issues/1225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/08/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5204"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP7F-G57Q-P9JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the Ethernet/IP server functionality of EIP Stack Group OpENer 2.3 and development commit 8c73bf3. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-13556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the Ethernet/IP server functionality of EIP Stack Group OpENer 2.3 and development commit 8c73bf3. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-vp7f-g57q-p9jx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1170"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP7Q-RG64-PXR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-35803.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-35803.",
"id": "GHSA-vp7q-rg64-pxr9",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:35Z",
"published": "2022-09-14T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mandiant/Vulnerability-Disclosures/blob/master/2022/MNDT-2022-0039/MNDT-2022-0039.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-37969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-37969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-37969"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP89-77X6-5QQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-12 15:30TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703 was discovered to contain an authenticated stack overflow via the ssid5g parameter in the setWiFiEasyCfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T16:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703 was discovered to contain an authenticated stack overflow via the ssid5g parameter in the setWiFiEasyCfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-vp89-77x6-5qqm",
"modified": "2025-05-12T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2025-05-08T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/regainer27/CVE-key/tree/main/bo3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu_listtpl/download/id/225/ids/36.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VP99-JWHH-R3XW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35A flaw was found in CImg in versions prior to 2.9.3. Integer overflows leading to heap buffer overflows in load_pnm() can be triggered by a specially crafted input file processed by CImg, which can lead to an impact to application availability or data integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25693"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-03T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in CImg in versions prior to 2.9.3. Integer overflows leading to heap buffer overflows in load_pnm() can be triggered by a specially crafted input file processed by CImg, which can lead to an impact to application availability or data integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-vp99-jwhh-r3xw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1893377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ERBZALTF7LXN2LZLPGAUSVMV53GHHTUC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MJ5Q7NNUPXATTBUKHFKIYYAV5GJDYCZL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QZ3NPLYXZWEL7HETIFZVCXEZZ2WYYRWA"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.