CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17047 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V5FX-4J43-2WJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31An exploitable heap write out of bounds vulnerability exists in the decoding of BPG images in Libbpg library. A crafted BPG image decoded by libbpg can cause an integer underflow vulnerability causing an out of bounds heap write leading to remote code execution. This vulnerability can be triggered via attempting to decode a crafted BPG image using Libbpg.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-26T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An exploitable heap write out of bounds vulnerability exists in the decoding of BPG images in Libbpg library. A crafted BPG image decoded by libbpg can cause an integer underflow vulnerability causing an out of bounds heap write leading to remote code execution. This vulnerability can be triggered via attempting to decode a crafted BPG image using Libbpg.",
"id": "GHSA-v5fx-4j43-2wjg",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.talosintelligence.com/reports/TALOS-2016-0223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5G4-WHQH-4265
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels 1st Generation (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V16 Update 4), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels (All versions < V16 Update 4). Specially crafted packets sent to port 161/udp can cause the SNMP service of affected devices to crash. A manual restart of the device is required to resume operation of the service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19276"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels 1st Generation (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions \u003c V16 Update 4), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels (All versions \u003c V16 Update 4). Specially crafted packets sent to port 161/udp can cause the SNMP service of affected devices to crash. A manual restart of the device is required to resume operation of the service.",
"id": "GHSA-v5g4-whqh-4265",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-594364.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V5G8-2Q7F-C524
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-06 12:30A security vulnerability has been detected in happyfish100 libfastcommon up to 1.0.84. Affected by this vulnerability is the function base64_decode of the file src/base64.c. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The identifier of the patch is 82f66af3e252e3e137dba0c3891570f085e79adf. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T12:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in happyfish100 libfastcommon up to 1.0.84. Affected by this vulnerability is the function base64_decode of the file src/base64.c. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The identifier of the patch is 82f66af3e252e3e137dba0c3891570f085e79adf. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-v5g8-2q7f-c524",
"modified": "2026-02-06T12:30:26Z",
"published": "2026-02-06T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/issues/55"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/issues/55#issue-3836362577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/issues/55#issuecomment-3776757848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/commit/82f66af3e252e3e137dba0c3891570f085e79adf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.743873"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5G8-MMH3-RP62
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:31VMware ESXi (7.0 before ESXi_7.0.1-0.0.16850804, 6.7 before ESXi670-202008101-SG, 6.5 before ESXi650-202007101-SG), Workstation (15.x), Fusion (11.x before 11.5.6) contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability due to a time-of-check time-of-use issue in ACPI device. A malicious actor with administrative access to a virtual machine may be able to exploit this vulnerability to crash the virtual machine's vmx process or corrupt hypervisor's memory heap.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-20T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VMware ESXi (7.0 before ESXi_7.0.1-0.0.16850804, 6.7 before ESXi670-202008101-SG, 6.5 before ESXi650-202007101-SG), Workstation (15.x), Fusion (11.x before 11.5.6) contain an out-of-bounds write vulnerability due to a time-of-check time-of-use issue in ACPI device. A malicious actor with administrative access to a virtual machine may be able to exploit this vulnerability to crash the virtual machine\u0027s vmx process or corrupt hypervisor\u0027s memory heap.",
"id": "GHSA-v5g8-mmh3-rp62",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V5GV-3MWR-6223
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2026-07-27 15:31An issue was discovered in ncurses through v6.2-1. _nc_captoinfo in captoinfo.c has a heap-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39537"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ncurses through v6.2-1. _nc_captoinfo in captoinfo.c has a heap-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-v5gv-3mwr-6223",
"modified": "2026-07-27T15:31:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses/2020-08/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-ncurses/2021-10/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230427-0012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/pkgsrc/devel/ncurses/patches/patch-ncurses_tinfo_captoinfo.c?rev=1.1\u0026content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/41"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/45"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5H2-P3P4-WC8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-11 15:31If an attacker tricks a valid user into running Delta Electronics DIAScreen with a file containing malicious code, a stack-based buffer overflow in CEtherIPTagItem can be exploited, allowing the attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39354"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-11T15:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "If an attacker tricks a valid user into running Delta Electronics DIAScreen with a file containing malicious code, a stack-based buffer overflow in CEtherIPTagItem can be exploited, allowing the attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-v5h2-p3p4-wc8q",
"modified": "2024-11-11T15:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-11-11T15:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-312-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.deltaww.com/en-US/Cybersecurity_Advisory"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5JG-44XQ-QW52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:49Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability while processing BC_TUI_CMD_UPDATE_SCREEN in bc_tui trustlet from Samsung Blockchain Keystore prior to version 1.3.12.1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-04T21:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability while processing BC_TUI_CMD_UPDATE_SCREEN in bc_tui trustlet from Samsung Blockchain Keystore prior to version 1.3.12.1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-v5jg-44xq-qw52",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:49:07Z",
"published": "2023-05-04T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5JG-C7J9-MXHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-22 00:00Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 22.001.20142 (and earlier), 20.005.30334 (and earlier) and 17.012.30229 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 22.001.20142 (and earlier), 20.005.30334 (and earlier) and 17.012.30229 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-v5jg-c7j9-mxhj",
"modified": "2022-07-22T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-07-16T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb22-32.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5M2-8HHM-R6W2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:32Premiere Pro is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48369"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T21:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Premiere Pro is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-v5m2-8hhm-r6w2",
"modified": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/premiere_pro/apsb26-76.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V5MF-7JMJ-37RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 00:31 – Updated: 2024-12-09 00:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TP-Link VN020 F3v(T) TT_V6.2.1021. This affects an unknown part of the component FTP USER Command Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-08T23:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TP-Link VN020 F3v(T) TT_V6.2.1021. This affects an unknown part of the component FTP USER Command Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-v5mf-7jmj-37rp",
"modified": "2024-12-09T00:31:40Z",
"published": "2024-12-09T00:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Zephkek/TP-1450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.287265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.287265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.452658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.