CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15107 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X792-97VQ-2C7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the firewall_handler_set function with the index and to_dport variables.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the firewall_handler_set function with the index and to_dport variables.",
"id": "GHSA-x792-97vq-2c7g",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7C3-Q65H-RWRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 21:31An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the SNMP daemon (snmpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an authenticated network-based attacker sending specific valid SNMPv3 queries to trigger a memory leak. Over time, continuous receipt of these queries will result in snmpd process memory exhaustion, resulting in a process crash and restart, impacting the ability to monitor the system via SNMP.
Memory usage can be monitored using the following command:
user@device> show system processes extensive | match snmpd
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
- all versions before 21.2R3-S8;
- from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7;
- from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S6;
- from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4;
- from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3;
- from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S2;
- from 23.2 before 23.2R2;
- from 23.4 before 23.4R2.
Junos OS Evolved: * all versions before 21.2R3-S8-EVO; * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7-EVO; * all versions of 22.1-EVO, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4-EVO; * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3-EVO; * all versions of 22.4-EVO, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-EVO; * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T21:16:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the SNMP daemon (snmpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an authenticated network-based attacker sending specific valid SNMPv3 queries to trigger a memory leak. Over time, continuous receipt of these queries will result in snmpd process memory exhaustion, resulting in a process crash and restart, impacting the ability to monitor the system via SNMP.\n\nMemory usage can be monitored using the following command:\n\nuser@device\u003e show system processes extensive | match snmpd\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects:\n\nJunos OS:\n\n\n * all versions before 21.2R3-S8;\n * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7;\n * from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S6;\n * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4;\n * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3;\n * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S2;\n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2;\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2.\n\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\n * all versions before 21.2R3-S8-EVO;\n * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7-EVO;\n * all versions of 22.1-EVO,\n * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4-EVO;\n * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3-EVO;\n * all versions of 22.4-EVO,\n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-EVO;\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-x7c3-q65h-rwrm",
"modified": "2026-07-09T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T21:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA110074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7CC-G69M-67HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 21:32 – Updated: 2025-02-11 21:32PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25748.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T20:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25748.",
"id": "GHSA-x7cc-g69m-67hg",
"modified": "2025-02-11T21:32:07Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T21:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7CP-9X6C-2MM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-13 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CP 1242-7 V2 (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-1 (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-7 LTE EU (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-7 LTE US (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-8 IRC (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1542SP-1 IRC (All versions >= V2.0), SIMATIC CP 1543-1 (All versions < V3.0.22), SIMATIC CP 1543SP-1 (All versions >= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1542SP-1 IRC TX RAIL (All versions >= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1543SP-1 ISEC (All versions >= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1543SP-1 ISEC TX RAIL (All versions >= V2.0), SIPLUS NET CP 1242-7 V2 (All versions), SIPLUS NET CP 1543-1 (All versions < V3.0.22), SIPLUS S7-1200 CP 1243-1 (All versions), SIPLUS S7-1200 CP 1243-1 RAIL (All versions). The application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing specific messages. This could result in a heap-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-12T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CP 1242-7 V2 (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-1 (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-7 LTE EU (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-7 LTE US (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1243-8 IRC (All versions), SIMATIC CP 1542SP-1 IRC (All versions \u003e= V2.0), SIMATIC CP 1543-1 (All versions \u003c V3.0.22), SIMATIC CP 1543SP-1 (All versions \u003e= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1542SP-1 IRC TX RAIL (All versions \u003e= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1543SP-1 ISEC (All versions \u003e= V2.0), SIPLUS ET 200SP CP 1543SP-1 ISEC TX RAIL (All versions \u003e= V2.0), SIPLUS NET CP 1242-7 V2 (All versions), SIPLUS NET CP 1543-1 (All versions \u003c V3.0.22), SIPLUS S7-1200 CP 1243-1 (All versions), SIPLUS S7-1200 CP 1243-1 RAIL (All versions). The application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing specific messages. This could result in a heap-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of device.",
"id": "GHSA-x7cp-9x6c-2mm8",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-07-13T00:01:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-517377.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7FX-MCC9-27J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-27 20:12 – Updated: 2020-11-27 20:12High CVE-2020-16013: Inappropriate implementation in V8.
- https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_11.html
- https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-16013
Google is aware of reports that exploits for CVE-2020-16013 and CVE-2020-16017 exist in the wild.
There is currently little to no public information on the issue other than it has been flagged as High severity.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CefSharp.Common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "86.0.241"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CefSharp.Wpf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "86.0.241"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CefSharp.WinForms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "86.0.241"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "CefSharp.Wpf.HwndHost"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "86.0.241"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-11-27T20:12:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-08T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "High CVE-2020-16013: Inappropriate implementation in V8. \n\n- https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_11.html\n- https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-16013\n\nGoogle is aware of reports that exploits for CVE-2020-16013 and CVE-2020-16017 exist in the wild.\n\nThere is currently little to no public information on the issue other than it has been flagged as `High` severity.",
"id": "GHSA-x7fx-mcc9-27j7",
"modified": "2020-11-27T20:12:35Z",
"published": "2020-11-27T20:12:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cefsharp/CefSharp/security/advisories/GHSA-x7fx-mcc9-27j7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_11.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1147206"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Inappropriate implementation in V8 in CefSharp"
}
GHSA-X7H5-VHW2-PMFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-04 18:30Memory corruption while processing IOCTL command when device is in power-save state.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-749",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T17:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while processing IOCTL command when device is in power-save state.",
"id": "GHSA-x7h5-vhw2-pmff",
"modified": "2026-05-04T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/may-2026-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7HV-6W9V-FMV8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 03:30 – Updated: 2023-04-13 18:30Tenda AC10 US_AC10V4.0si_V16.03.10.13_cn was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the setSchedWifi function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-07T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10 US_AC10V4.0si_V16.03.10.13_cn was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the setSchedWifi function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-x7hv-6w9v-fmv8",
"modified": "2023-04-13T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DrizzlingSun/Tenda/blob/main/AC10/5/5.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7MM-WCG8-VFR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-28 21:30In Pixel cellular firmware, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-240662453References: N/A
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42498"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Pixel cellular firmware, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-240662453References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-x7mm-wcg8-vfr4",
"modified": "2023-03-28T21:30:21Z",
"published": "2023-03-24T21:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7P7-M6XG-RH5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the handle_interface_acl function with the interface variable when in_acl is -1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the handle_interface_acl function with the interface variable when in_acl is -1.",
"id": "GHSA-x7p7-m6xg-rh5f",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7QC-9CCG-FGV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-05 00:34 – Updated: 2024-12-05 18:31In oemCallback of ril.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-05T00:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In oemCallback of ril.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an\n integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with\n System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for\n exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-x7qc-9ccg-fgv7",
"modified": "2024-12-05T18:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-12-05T00:34:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.