CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17039 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RFWX-XQH2-W2C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:01Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the function formSetSysToolDDNS. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the ddnsUser parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25546"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:47:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the function formSetSysToolDDNS. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the ddnsUser parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-rfwx-xqh2-w2c3",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:01:21Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sec-bin/IoT-CVE/tree/main/Tenda/AX1806/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RG23-VPF8-9PPW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-23 03:31 – Updated: 2024-11-23 03:31Trimble SketchUp SKP File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-19576.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T22:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Trimble SketchUp SKP File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-19576.",
"id": "GHSA-rg23-vpf8-9ppw",
"modified": "2024-11-23T03:31:58Z",
"published": "2024-11-23T03:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-1055"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RG29-F6CQ-5HP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:51QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.8.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted idsc atom in a QuickTime movie file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-1032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-09-16T13:02:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.8.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted idsc atom in a QuickTime movie file.",
"id": "GHSA-rg29-f6cq-5hp4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:51:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:51:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-1032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2013/Sep/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6151"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RG2C-CFXV-QP6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-10 17:37Those using jackson-dataformats-text to parse TOML data may be vulnerable to Denial of Service attacks (DOS). If the parser is running on user supplied input, an attacker may supply content that causes the parser to crash by stackoverflow. This effect may support a denial of service attack.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-toml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.15.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-09T12:52:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-08T18:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Those using jackson-dataformats-text to parse TOML data may be vulnerable to Denial of Service attacks (DOS). If the parser is running on user supplied input, an attacker may supply content that causes the parser to crash by stackoverflow. This effect may support a denial of service attack.",
"id": "GHSA-rg2c-cfxv-qp6f",
"modified": "2025-10-10T17:37:56Z",
"published": "2023-08-08T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-dataformats-text/pull/398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-dataformats-text/commit/5dd5f740aedcf37adad7ffece460e75e54abb0ed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=50083"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-dataformats-text"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-dataformats-text/blob/2.16/release-notes/VERSION-2.x"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of service in jackson-dataformat-toml"
}
GHSA-RG33-3C9V-CFV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:24 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:24Out of bound write while QoS DSCP mapping due to improper input validation for data received from association response frame in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables in APQ8009, APQ8017, APQ8053, APQ8096AU, APQ8098, MDM9150, MDM9206, MDM9207C, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8905, MSM8909W, MSM8917, MSM8920, MSM8937, MSM8940, MSM8953, MSM8996AU, Nicobar, QCA6174A, QCA6574AU, QCA9377, QCA9379, QCM2150, QCN7605, QCS405, QCS605, QM215, SA6155P, Saipan, SC8180X, SDA845, SDM429, SDM429W, SDM439, SDM450, SDM630, SDM632, SDM636, SDM660, SDM845, SDX20, SDX55, SM8150, SM8250, SXR2130
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3698"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-30T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out of bound write while QoS DSCP mapping due to improper input validation for data received from association response frame in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music, Snapdragon Wearables in APQ8009, APQ8017, APQ8053, APQ8096AU, APQ8098, MDM9150, MDM9206, MDM9207C, MDM9607, MDM9650, MSM8905, MSM8909W, MSM8917, MSM8920, MSM8937, MSM8940, MSM8953, MSM8996AU, Nicobar, QCA6174A, QCA6574AU, QCA9377, QCA9379, QCM2150, QCN7605, QCS405, QCS605, QM215, SA6155P, Saipan, SC8180X, SDA845, SDM429, SDM429W, SDM439, SDM450, SDM630, SDM632, SDM636, SDM660, SDM845, SDX20, SDX55, SM8150, SM8250, SXR2130",
"id": "GHSA-rg33-3c9v-cfv6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:24:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:24:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/july-2020-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/july-2020-security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RG35-H597-G86Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04Heap buffer overflow in Reader Mode in Google Chrome prior to 90.0.4430.212 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30518"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-04T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Reader Mode in Google Chrome prior to 90.0.4430.212 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-rg35-h597-g86q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1203590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ETMZL6IHCTCTREEL434BQ4THQ7EOHJ43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PAT6EOXVQFE6JFMFQF4IKAOUQSHMHL54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-06"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RG3C-J3J2-X6PC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 18:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/display: Clamp VBIOS HDMI retimer register count to array size
[Why & How] The VBIOS integrated info tables (v1_11 and v2_1) contain HdmiRegNum and Hdmi6GRegNum fields that are used as loop bounds when copying retimer I2C register settings into fixed-size arrays (dp_ext_hdmi_reg_settings[9] and dp_ext_hdmi_6g_reg_settings[3]). These u8 fields are not validated before use, so a malformed VBIOS can specify values up to 255, causing an out-of-bounds heap write during driver probe.
Clamp each register count to the destination array size using min_t() before the copy loops, in both get_integrated_info_v11() and get_integrated_info_v2_1().
(cherry picked from commit 5a7f0ef90195940c54b0f5bb85b87da55f038c69)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-25T09:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amd/display: Clamp VBIOS HDMI retimer register count to array size\n\n[Why \u0026 How]\nThe VBIOS integrated info tables (v1_11 and v2_1) contain HdmiRegNum and\nHdmi6GRegNum fields that are used as loop bounds when copying retimer I2C\nregister settings into fixed-size arrays (dp*_ext_hdmi_reg_settings[9]\nand dp*_ext_hdmi_6g_reg_settings[3]). These u8 fields are not validated\nbefore use, so a malformed VBIOS can specify values up to 255, causing an\nout-of-bounds heap write during driver probe.\n\nClamp each register count to the destination array size using min_t()\nbefore the copy loops, in both get_integrated_info_v11() and\nget_integrated_info_v2_1().\n\n(cherry picked from commit 5a7f0ef90195940c54b0f5bb85b87da55f038c69)",
"id": "GHSA-rg3c-j3j2-x6pc",
"modified": "2026-07-07T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-06-25T09:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/029571d51140650783be4fb98fe7cb4754752086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f32d52ec604c659725d865cf8cc6a17a33f9c6a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d1c3c26c2ab1842e139e61983395d64bd2e518b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f8b39452fb16f507c9e4d8b4a83ce27e893307c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aaa7e317fbd4beb9c6a9f77aa4cf52fae78b117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6be8e59af412623e3d874be3a048406c0edfe60"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb0707ce00eef4e2d60c3020e1c0432739703e4a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RG3M-GFF2-84GM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey2 parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey2 parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.",
"id": "GHSA-rg3m-gff2-84gm",
"modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/Vul8-A15-bof-WifiBasicSet-wepkey2-cfe7c57e720b44feb102979af993964b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RG4C-F6CJ-X9W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18Curl_smtp_escape_eob in lib/smtp.c in curl 7.54.1 to and including curl 7.60.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow that might be exploitable by an attacker who can control the data that curl transmits over SMTP with certain settings (i.e., use of a nonstandard --limit-rate argument or CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE value).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-11T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Curl_smtp_escape_eob in lib/smtp.c in curl 7.54.1 to and including curl 7.60.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow that might be exploitable by an attacker who can control the data that curl transmits over SMTP with certain settings (i.e., use of a nonstandard --limit-rate argument or CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE value).",
"id": "GHSA-rg4c-f6cj-x9w8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/curl/curl/commit/ba1dbd78e5f1ed67c1b8d37ac89d90e5e330b628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_2018-70a2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201807-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3710-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041280"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RG56-4H6Q-RFGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32An out-of-bounds write in Ivanti EPM before the 2024 January-2025 Security Update and 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13165"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write in Ivanti EPM before the 2024 January-2025 Security Update and 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-rg56-4h6q-rfgq",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:01Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T18:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-January-2025-for-EPM-2024-and-EPM-2022-SU6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.