CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17025 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QJGM-RR3X-5Q3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:13An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.4, Security Update 2021-003 Catalina, Security Update 2021-004 Mojave. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30728"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.4, Security Update 2021-003 Catalina, Security Update 2021-004 Mojave. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-qjgm-rr3x-5q3q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:13:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212531"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QJJ3-C863-XG64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-07 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:35In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07453600; Issue ID: ALPS07453600.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-07T04:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07453600; Issue ID: ALPS07453600.",
"id": "GHSA-qjj3-c863-xg64",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:35:27Z",
"published": "2023-08-07T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJJ7-6VW6-2W39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:00GPAC v2.3-DEV-rev381-g817a848f6-master was discovered to contain a segmentation violation in the gf_dump_vrml_sffield function at /lib/libgpac.so.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37765"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GPAC v2.3-DEV-rev381-g817a848f6-master was discovered to contain a segmentation violation in the gf_dump_vrml_sffield function at /lib/libgpac.so.",
"id": "GHSA-qjj7-6vw6-2w39",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:00:47Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T00:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/2515"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJM8-CCV3-G62V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-27 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-28 19:00Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a heap overflow vulnerability in the GetParentControlInfo function, which can cause a denial of service attack through a carefully constructed http request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40874"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-27T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a heap overflow vulnerability in the GetParentControlInfo function, which can cause a denial of service attack through a carefully constructed http request.",
"id": "GHSA-qjm8-ccv3-g62v",
"modified": "2022-10-28T19:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-10-27T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cnblogs.com/L0g4n-blog/p/16695155.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJMF-P79P-PMJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-11-10 18:31Out-of-bounds write in the UEFI firmware for the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader within Ring 0: Bare Metal OS may allow an escalation of privilege. Startup code and smm adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via physical access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-10T18:17:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write in the UEFI firmware for the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader within Ring 0: Bare Metal OS may allow an escalation of privilege. Startup code and smm adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via physical access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-qjmf-p79p-pmj6",
"modified": "2026-11-10T18:31:51Z",
"published": "2026-11-10T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01526.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJMH-GF3W-643F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-16 15:32 – Updated: 2026-02-16 15:32An Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability affecting the EPRT file reading procedure in SOLIDWORKS eDrawings from Release SOLIDWORKS Desktop 2025 through Release SOLIDWORKS Desktop 2026 could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code while opening a specially crafted EPRT file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-16T14:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability affecting the EPRT file reading procedure in SOLIDWORKS eDrawings from Release SOLIDWORKS Desktop 2025 through Release SOLIDWORKS Desktop 2026 could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code while opening a specially crafted EPRT file.",
"id": "GHSA-qjmh-gf3w-643f",
"modified": "2026-02-16T15:32:47Z",
"published": "2026-02-16T15:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.3ds.com/trust-center/security/security-advisories/cve-2026-1335"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJMM-W6CW-3HF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 09:32 – Updated: 2025-03-13 21:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
cxgb4: avoid accessing registers when clearing filters
Hardware register having the server TID base can contain invalid values when adapter is in bad state (for example, due to AER fatal error). Reading these invalid values in the register can lead to out-of-bound memory access. So, fix by using the saved server TID base when clearing filters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncxgb4: avoid accessing registers when clearing filters\n\nHardware register having the server TID base can contain\ninvalid values when adapter is in bad state (for example,\ndue to AER fatal error). Reading these invalid values in the\nregister can lead to out-of-bound memory access. So, fix\nby using the saved server TID base when clearing filters.",
"id": "GHSA-qjmm-w6cw-3hf3",
"modified": "2025-03-13T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-03-25T09:32:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02f03883fdb10ad7e66717c70ea163a8d27ae6e7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0bf49b3c8d8b3a43ce09f1b2db70e5484d31fcdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/285207a558ab456aa7d8aa877ecc7e91fcc51710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88c380df84fbd03f9b137c2b9d0a44b9f2f553b0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJP6-92PC-4MC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31A heap based buffer overflow vulnerability exits in GNU LibreDWG 0.10 via bit_read_RC ../../src/bits.c:318.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21843"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-17T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap based buffer overflow vulnerability exits in GNU LibreDWG 0.10 via bit_read_RC ../../src/bits.c:318.",
"id": "GHSA-qjp6-92pc-4mc7",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibreDWG/libredwg/issues/188#issuecomment-574493857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://gnu.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJPG-5HX2-G69J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 18:30 – Updated: 2024-10-29 18:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/v3d: Prevent out of bounds access in performance query extensions
Check that the number of perfmons userspace is passing in the copy and reset extensions is not greater than the internal kernel storage where the ids will be copied into.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T18:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/v3d: Prevent out of bounds access in performance query extensions\n\nCheck that the number of perfmons userspace is passing in the copy and\nreset extensions is not greater than the internal kernel storage where\nthe ids will be copied into.",
"id": "GHSA-qjpg-5hx2-g69j",
"modified": "2024-10-29T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-10-21T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e50d72abe50204c7b19784a66e86da29dde32c2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73ad583bd4938bf37d2709fc36901eb6f22f2722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9536f16be3970c170571efa707c13cd089c774e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f32b5128d2c440368b5bf3a7a356823e235caabb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJPW-C5XF-G33J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6.1 and iPadOS 15.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.5.1, Safari 15.6.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32893"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6.1 and iPadOS 15.6.1, macOS Monterey 12.5.1, Safari 15.6.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.",
"id": "GHSA-qjpw-c5xf-g33j",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:35Z",
"published": "2022-08-25T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/08/msg00019.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7SETAAXEPGNBMYKTUDFEZHS5LGSQ64QL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YKJGV2EXVMYQW3OAJNI4WUTKKVMD2YYK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7SETAAXEPGNBMYKTUDFEZHS5LGSQ64QL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YKJGV2EXVMYQW3OAJNI4WUTKKVMD2YYK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-32893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Aug/16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/25/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/26/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/29/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/29/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/02/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/13/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.