CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17018 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q68G-6C66-RCJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:48Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in TA_Communication_mpos_encrypt_pin in mPOS TUI trustlet prior to SMR May-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21499"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-04T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in TA_Communication_mpos_encrypt_pin in mPOS TUI trustlet prior to SMR May-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-q68g-6c66-rcjx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:48:39Z",
"published": "2023-05-04T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q69F-X478-XP8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-14 21:31 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:31Out-of-bounds write in some Intel(R) Arc(TM) & Iris(R) Xe Graphics - WHQL - Windows drivers before version 31.0.101.4255 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25952"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-14T19:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write in some Intel(R) Arc(TM) \u0026 Iris(R) Xe Graphics - WHQL - Windows drivers before version 31.0.101.4255 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-q69f-x478-xp8g",
"modified": "2024-05-16T21:31:55Z",
"published": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00864.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01020.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6CQ-2JC2-CPX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05There is a heap-buffer-overflow at lit-strings.c:431 in lit_read_code_unit_from_utf8 in JerryScript 2.2.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23321"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-10T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is a heap-buffer-overflow at lit-strings.c:431 in lit_read_code_unit_from_utf8 in JerryScript 2.2.0.",
"id": "GHSA-q6cq-2jc2-cpx5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jerryscript-project/jerryscript/issues/3870"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q6FC-4C58-35PF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-20 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fs/statmount: fix slab out-of-bounds write in statmount_mnt_idmap
statmount_mnt_idmap() writes one mapping with seq_printf() and then manually advances seq->count to include the NUL separator.
If seq_printf() overflows, seq_set_overflow() sets seq->count to seq->size. The manual seq->count++ changes this to seq->size + 1. seq_has_overflowed() then no longer detects the overflow. The corrupted count returns to statmount_string(), which later executes:
seq->buf[seq->count++] = '\0';
This causes a 1-byte NULL out-of-bounds write on the dynamically allocated seq buffer.
Fix this by checking for overflow immediately after seq_printf().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64074"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T16:17:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/statmount: fix slab out-of-bounds write in statmount_mnt_idmap\n\nstatmount_mnt_idmap() writes one mapping with seq_printf() and then\nmanually advances seq-\u003ecount to include the NUL separator.\n\nIf seq_printf() overflows, seq_set_overflow() sets seq-\u003ecount to\nseq-\u003esize. The manual seq-\u003ecount++ changes this to seq-\u003esize + 1.\nseq_has_overflowed() then no longer detects the overflow. The corrupted\ncount returns to statmount_string(), which later executes:\n\n seq-\u003ebuf[seq-\u003ecount++] = \u0027\\0\u0027;\n\nThis causes a 1-byte NULL out-of-bounds write on the dynamically\nallocated seq buffer.\n\nFix this by checking for overflow immediately after seq_printf().",
"id": "GHSA-q6fc-4c58-35pf",
"modified": "2026-07-20T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-07-19T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93614949dc86f068e3c32c32cf1ee2a2323177a7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3bf0f28d4ba16e1f35f8c983bb04426b87e2a78"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e37ea2c6f17f273813ea4e8e94c102591d598ce1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6GH-XRHG-J256
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19An issue was discovered in libsvg2 through 2012-10-19. A stack-based buffer overflow in svgStringToLength in svg_types.c allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact because sscanf is misused.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-22T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in libsvg2 through 2012-10-19. A stack-based buffer overflow in svgStringToLength in svg_types.c allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact because sscanf is misused.",
"id": "GHSA-q6gh-xrhg-j256",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/agambier/libsvg2/issues/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6GM-G9F4-XJP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:55Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4274, CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-4285, and CVE-2016-6924.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6922"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-09-14T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4274, CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-4285, and CVE-2016-6924.",
"id": "GHSA-q6gm-g9f4-xjp2",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:55:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:55:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-29.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201610-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1865.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6GP-RMPV-2GHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17A vulnerability has been identified in SINUMERIK 808D (All versions), SINUMERIK 828D (All versions < V4.95). Affected devices don't process correctly certain special crafted packets sent to port 102/tcp, which could allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service in the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-12T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINUMERIK 808D (All versions), SINUMERIK 828D (All versions \u003c V4.95). Affected devices don\u0027t process correctly certain special crafted packets sent to port 102/tcp, which could allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service in the device.",
"id": "GHSA-q6gp-rmpv-2ghj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-178380.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q6GR-7X7C-XQ5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-11 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in Teamcenter Visualization V14.3 (All versions < V14.3.0.13), Teamcenter Visualization V2312 (All versions < V2312.0009), Teamcenter Visualization V2406 (All versions < V2406.0007), Teamcenter Visualization V2412 (All versions < V2412.0002), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2302 (All versions < V2302.0021), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2404 (All versions < V2404.0010). The affected applications contain an out of bounds write vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted WRL file. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23396"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T10:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Teamcenter Visualization V14.3 (All versions \u003c V14.3.0.13), Teamcenter Visualization V2312 (All versions \u003c V2312.0009), Teamcenter Visualization V2406 (All versions \u003c V2406.0007), Teamcenter Visualization V2412 (All versions \u003c V2412.0002), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2302 (All versions \u003c V2302.0021), Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2404 (All versions \u003c V2404.0010). The affected applications contain an out of bounds write vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted WRL file.\nThis could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.",
"id": "GHSA-q6gr-7x7c-xq5c",
"modified": "2025-03-11T12:30:59Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T12:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-050438.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6GX-VCQ3-62CJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30Tesla Model 3 bcmdhd Out-Of-Bounds Write Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected Tesla Model 3 vehicles. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute code on the wifi subsystem in order to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the bcmdhd driver. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-20733.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tesla Model 3 bcmdhd Out-Of-Bounds Write Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected Tesla Model 3 vehicles. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute code on the wifi subsystem in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the bcmdhd driver. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-20733.",
"id": "GHSA-q6gx-vcq3-62cj",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-971"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6H2-6W35-JH4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-21 21:31Out-of-bound write vulnerability exists in Screen Creator Advance 2 Ver.0.1.1.4 Build01 and earlier due to lack of error handling process when out of specification errors are detected. Having a user of Screen Creator Advance 2 to open a specially crafted project file may lead to information disclosure and/or arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-13T02:21:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bound write vulnerability exists in Screen Creator Advance 2 Ver.0.1.1.4 Build01 and earlier due to lack of error handling process when out of specification errors are detected. Having a user of Screen Creator Advance 2 to open a specially crafted project file may lead to information disclosure and/or arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-q6h2-6w35-jh4w",
"modified": "2025-03-21T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2023-02-13T03:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU98917488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.electronics.jtekt.co.jp/en/topics/202302035233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.electronics.jtekt.co.jp/jp/topics/2023020313454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.