CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16909 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P2MM-QW8G-Q2P9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:32Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48343"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T21:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-p2mm-qw8g-q2p9",
"modified": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T21:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb26-81.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2Q5-R29Q-M7GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:27SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer, version - 9, allows a user to open manipulated EPS file received from untrusted sources which results in crashing of the application and becoming temporarily unavailable until the user restarts the application, this is caused due to Improper Input Validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6343"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Viewer, version - 9, allows a user to open manipulated EPS file received from untrusted sources which results in crashing of the application and becoming temporarily unavailable until the user restarts the application, this is caused due to Improper Input Validation.",
"id": "GHSA-p2q5-r29q-m7gv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:27:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:27:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2960815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=557449700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-1151"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P2QF-4MG3-C5H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:15Parsing malformed project files in Omron CX-One versions 4.42 and prior, including the following applications: CX-FLnet versions 1.00 and prior, CX-Protocol versions 1.992 and prior, CX-Programmer versions 9.65 and prior, CX-Server versions 5.0.22 and prior, Network Configurator versions 3.63 and prior, and Switch Box Utility versions 1.68 and prior, may cause a stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-17T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Parsing malformed project files in Omron CX-One versions 4.42 and prior, including the following applications: CX-FLnet versions 1.00 and prior, CX-Protocol versions 1.992 and prior, CX-Programmer versions 9.65 and prior, CX-Server versions 5.0.22 and prior, Network Configurator versions 3.63 and prior, and Switch Box Utility versions 1.68 and prior, may cause a stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-p2qf-4mg3-c5h4",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:15:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-100-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2V3-4J32-QJ67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30TRENDnet TEW755AP 1.13B01 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the REMOTE_USER parameter in the get_access (sub_45AC2C) function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TRENDnet TEW755AP 1.13B01 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the REMOTE_USER parameter in the get_access (sub_45AC2C) function.",
"id": "GHSA-p2v3-4j32-qj67",
"modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/Vul7-TEW755-bof-create_folder-8676782581de4b1e9d2aee28386bdc04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2V6-235W-QHFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-02 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-05 12:30In Modem IMS SMS UA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00730807; Issue ID: MOLY00730807.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32886"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-02T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Modem IMS SMS UA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00730807; Issue ID: MOLY00730807.",
"id": "GHSA-p2v6-235w-qhfc",
"modified": "2024-01-05T12:30:19Z",
"published": "2024-01-02T03:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2V8-4C4F-RWPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 18:32FFmpeg versions 4.4 through 8.1.2 contain an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability in the ADX audio decoder within libavcodec/adxdec.c that allows attackers to trigger both out-of-bounds reads and writes by supplying a crafted ADX or AAX audio file with a mid-stream channel layout change. When AV_PKT_DATA_NEW_EXTRADATA side data is received mid-stream, the adx_decode_frame function re-parses the stream header but fails to update the internal channel state, causing subsequent decoding operations to access the prev[] state array using a stale channel count.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-22T18:17:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FFmpeg versions 4.4 through 8.1.2 contain an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability in the ADX audio decoder within libavcodec/adxdec.c that allows attackers to trigger both out-of-bounds reads and writes by supplying a crafted ADX or AAX audio file with a mid-stream channel layout change. When AV_PKT_DATA_NEW_EXTRADATA side data is received mid-stream, the adx_decode_frame function re-parses the stream header but fails to update the internal channel state, causing subsequent decoding operations to access the prev[] state array using a stale channel count.",
"id": "GHSA-p2v8-4c4f-rwpq",
"modified": "2026-07-22T18:32:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T18:32:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/1836ef96846937a6cc2443698a693104f5c0b21e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/23659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-out-of-bounds-memory-access-in-adx-audio-decoder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2VV-8MPQ-57X2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-06 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-06 09:30A flaw has been found in micropython up to 1.27.0. This vulnerability affects the function mp_import_all of the file py/runtime.c. This manipulation causes memory corruption. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been published and may be used. Patch name: 570744d06c5ba9dba59b4c3f432ca4f0abd396b6. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T07:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in micropython up to 1.27.0. This vulnerability affects the function mp_import_all of the file py/runtime.c. This manipulation causes memory corruption. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been published and may be used. Patch name: 570744d06c5ba9dba59b4c3f432ca4f0abd396b6. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-p2vv-8mpq-57x2",
"modified": "2026-02-06T09:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-02-06T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/18639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/18639#issue-3780651410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/micropython/micropython/pull/18671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgeorge/micropython/commit/570744d06c5ba9dba59b4c3f432ca4f0abd396b6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/micropython/micropython"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.743396"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2VV-G8RX-7JQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-11-16 19:00raptor_xml_writer_start_element_common in raptor_xml_writer.c in Raptor RDF Syntax Library 2.0.15 miscalculates the maximum nspace declarations for the XML writer, leading to heap-based buffer overflows (sometimes seen in raptor_qname_format_as_xml).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18926"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "raptor_xml_writer_start_element_common in raptor_xml_writer.c in Raptor RDF Syntax Library 2.0.15 miscalculates the maximum nspace declarations for the XML writer, leading to heap-based buffer overflows (sometimes seen in raptor_qname_format_as_xml).",
"id": "GHSA-p2vv-g8rx-7jqj",
"modified": "2022-11-16T19:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibreOffice/core/blob/master/external/redland/raptor/0001-Calcualte-max-nspace-declarations-correctly-for-XML-.patch.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/11/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RD67AVORGQXORPWNYYUHCH6YPPT6CI4O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RVHFYQDMVEBICIL4DBAGRRLPUR4QYWMV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WDZRNM45VPTQF2BKRWG4YRCHJGQ2L7NS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/06/07/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/13/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/13/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/14/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/16/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/16/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2W7-2WRH-84V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-07 00:00Adobe Photoshop versions 22.5.6 (and earlier) and 23.2.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious PDF file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Photoshop versions 22.5.6 (and earlier) and 23.2.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious PDF file.",
"id": "GHSA-p2w7-2wrh-84v6",
"modified": "2022-05-07T00:00:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-07T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/photoshop/apsb22-20.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2W9-G2W7-8FW9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2025-02-28 15:30An out of bounds flaw was found in GNU binutils objdump utility version 2.36. An attacker could use this flaw and pass a large section to avr_elf32_load_records_from_section() probably resulting in a crash or in some cases memory corruption. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to integrity as well as system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3549"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out of bounds flaw was found in GNU binutils objdump utility version 2.36. An attacker could use this flaw and pass a large section to avr_elf32_load_records_from_section() probably resulting in a crash or in some cases memory corruption. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to integrity as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-p2w9-g2w7-8fw9",
"modified": "2025-02-28T15:30:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1960717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250228-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.