CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16909 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MXQP-C4M3-MG6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-23 21:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/smc: avoid data corruption caused by decline
We found a data corruption issue during testing of SMC-R on Redis applications.
The benchmark has a low probability of reporting a strange error as shown below.
"Error: Protocol error, got "\xe2" as reply type byte"
Finally, we found that the retrieved error data was as follows:
0xE2 0xD4 0xC3 0xD9 0x04 0x00 0x2C 0x20 0xA6 0x56 0x00 0x16 0x3E 0x0C 0xCB 0x04 0x02 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xE2
It is quite obvious that this is a SMC DECLINE message, which means that the applications received SMC protocol message. We found that this was caused by the following situations:
client server ¦ clc proposal -------------> ¦ clc accept <------------- ¦ clc confirm -------------> wait llc confirm send llc confirm ¦failed llc confirm ¦ x------ (after 2s)timeout wait llc confirm rsp
wait decline
(after 1s) timeout (after 2s) timeout ¦ decline --------------> ¦ decline <--------------
As a result, a decline message was sent in the implementation, and this message was read from TCP by the already-fallback connection.
This patch double the client timeout as 2x of the server value, With this simple change, the Decline messages should never cross or collide (during Confirm link timeout).
This issue requires an immediate solution, since the protocol updates involve a more long-term solution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52775"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T16:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/smc: avoid data corruption caused by decline\n\nWe found a data corruption issue during testing of SMC-R on Redis\napplications.\n\nThe benchmark has a low probability of reporting a strange error as\nshown below.\n\n\"Error: Protocol error, got \"\\xe2\" as reply type byte\"\n\nFinally, we found that the retrieved error data was as follows:\n\n0xE2 0xD4 0xC3 0xD9 0x04 0x00 0x2C 0x20 0xA6 0x56 0x00 0x16 0x3E 0x0C\n0xCB 0x04 0x02 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00\n0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xE2\n\nIt is quite obvious that this is a SMC DECLINE message, which means that\nthe applications received SMC protocol message.\nWe found that this was caused by the following situations:\n\nclient server\n \u00a6 clc proposal\n -------------\u003e\n \u00a6 clc accept\n \u003c-------------\n \u00a6 clc confirm\n -------------\u003e\nwait llc confirm\n\t\t\tsend llc confirm\n \u00a6failed llc confirm\n \u00a6 x------\n(after 2s)timeout\n wait llc confirm rsp\n\nwait decline\n\n(after 1s) timeout\n (after 2s) timeout\n \u00a6 decline\n --------------\u003e\n \u00a6 decline\n \u003c--------------\n\nAs a result, a decline message was sent in the implementation, and this\nmessage was read from TCP by the already-fallback connection.\n\nThis patch double the client timeout as 2x of the server value,\nWith this simple change, the Decline messages should never cross or\ncollide (during Confirm link timeout).\n\nThis issue requires an immediate solution, since the protocol updates\ninvolve a more long-term solution.",
"id": "GHSA-mxqp-c4m3-mg6r",
"modified": "2025-09-23T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ada292b5c504720a0acef8cae9acc62a694d19c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7234d2b5dffa5af77fd4e0deaebab509e130c6b1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90072af9efe8c7bd7d086709014ddd44cebd5e7c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94a0ae698b4d5d5bb598e23228002a1491c50add"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e6d71b437abc2f249e3b6a1ae1a7228e09c6e563"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXR4-XCX8-5FRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-14 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:08Tenda F1202 V1.0BR_V1.2.0.20(408), FH1202_V1.2.0.19_EN were discovered to contain a stack overflow in the page parameter in the function fromSafeMacFilter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37721"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-14T00:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda F1202 V1.0BR_V1.2.0.20(408), FH1202_V1.2.0.19_EN were discovered to contain a stack overflow in the page parameter in the function fromSafeMacFilter.",
"id": "GHSA-mxr4-xcx8-5frq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:08:01Z",
"published": "2023-07-14T00:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37721"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FirmRec/IoT-Vulns/blob/main/tenda/fromSafeMacFilter/report.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXRX-GX5G-7PF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-17 18:31An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27. Mounting a maliciously crafted exFAT volume may cause unexpected system termination or kernel memory disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T21:17:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27. Mounting a maliciously crafted exFAT volume may cause unexpected system termination or kernel memory disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-mxrx-gx5g-7pf5",
"modified": "2026-09-17T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T21:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149035"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXV8-5C66-F89G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-29 06:30Netgear R7000P V1.3.0.8 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in /usr/sbin/httpd via parameter wan_dns1_sec.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Netgear R7000P V1.3.0.8 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in /usr/sbin/httpd via parameter wan_dns1_sec.",
"id": "GHSA-mxv8-5c66-f89g",
"modified": "2025-04-29T06:30:36Z",
"published": "2022-11-22T15:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RobinWang825/IoT_vuln/tree/main/Netgear/R7000P/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/about/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXW3-H8F2-QRW5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:07 – Updated: 2025-11-25 18:32The libtremor library has the same flaw as CVE-2018-5146. This library is used by Firefox in place of libvorbis on Android and ARM platforms. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 52.7.2 and Firefox < 59.0.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The libtremor library has the same flaw as CVE-2018-5146. This library is used by Firefox in place of libvorbis on Android and ARM platforms. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 52.7.2 and Firefox \u003c 59.0.1.",
"id": "GHSA-mxw3-h8f2-qrw5",
"modified": "2025-11-25T18:32:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:07:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1446365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/03/msg00016.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/03/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2018-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040544"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXWR-W7J9-6428
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-13 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:07Controller DoS due to buffer overflow in the handling of a specially crafted message received by the controller.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-13T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Controller DoS due to buffer overflow in the handling of a specially crafted message received by the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-mxwr-w7j9-6428",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:07:10Z",
"published": "2023-07-13T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://process.honeywell.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXX8-W72Q-6W75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.1 and iPadOS 18.1. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or arbitrary code execution in DCP firmware.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:15:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.1 and iPadOS 18.1. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or arbitrary code execution in DCP firmware.",
"id": "GHSA-mxx8-w72q-6w75",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:01Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T03:33:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121564"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MXXX-932C-FW96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2023-12-31 21:30Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-17053"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-11T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-mxxx-932c-fw96",
"modified": "2023-12-31T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-17053"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P222-MXXM-V36M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-24 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-24 15:30A vulnerability was identified in vim 9.1.0000. Affected is the function __memmove_avx_unaligned_erms of the file memmove-vec-unaligned-erms.S. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Some users are not able to reproduce this. One of the users mentions that this appears not to be working, "when coloring is turned on".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9389"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-24T13:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in vim 9.1.0000. Affected is the function __memmove_avx_unaligned_erms of the file memmove-vec-unaligned-erms.S. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Some users are not able to reproduce this. One of the users mentions that this appears not to be working, \"when coloring is turned on\".",
"id": "GHSA-p222-mxxm-v36m",
"modified": "2025-08-24T15:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-08-24T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/17940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/17940#issuecomment-3203415781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iFbTpW79vqBPkFjWYzGYIh_E6esPhYVY/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.630898"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P22P-6PRX-HPH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability in the function formSetAdConfigInfo. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the authIPs parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38567"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability in the function formSetAdConfigInfo. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the authIPs parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-p22p-6prx-hph4",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xxy1126/Vuln/tree/main/Tenda%20M3/formSetAdConfigInfo_"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.