CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16908 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MWMR-R2XR-F57P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-20 00:00This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ansys SpaceClaim 2022 R1. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of X_B files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-17317.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ansys SpaceClaim 2022 R1. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of X_B files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-17317.",
"id": "GHSA-mwmr-r2xr-f57p",
"modified": "2022-09-20T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-09-16T00:00:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1197"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWP5-88C8-7Q5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Heap Overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-4978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Heap Overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.",
"id": "GHSA-mwp5-88c8-7q5p",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-09.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040920"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWQV-8PW3-66XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:14A stack overflow in the AddWlanMacList function of H3C Magic B1STV100R012 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack overflow in the AddWlanMacList function of H3C Magic B1STV100R012 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-mwqv-8pw3-66xm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:14:18Z",
"published": "2023-06-28T15:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h4kuy4/vuln/blob/main/H3C_B1STW/CVE-2023-34935.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWR4-M2R6-RMH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-15 21:31In convertYUV420Planar16ToY410 of ColorConverter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0018"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-16T20:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In convertYUV420Planar16ToY410 of ColorConverter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-mwr4-m2r6-rmh7",
"modified": "2024-08-15T21:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-02-16T21:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/bf6406041919f67219fd1829438dda28845d4c23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-01-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWR7-FM5X-RQCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the CoolType library. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-02T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the CoolType library. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-mwr7-fm5x-rqch",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb21-09.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MWRW-9HWJ-MJ59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-28 00:01A systemd stack-based buffer overflow in WatchGuard Firebox and XTM appliances allows an authenticated remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code by initiating a firmware update with a malicious upgrade image. This vulnerability impacts Fireware OS before 12.7.2_U2, 12.x before 12.1.3_U8, and 12.2.x through 12.5.x before 12.5.9_U2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A systemd stack-based buffer overflow in WatchGuard Firebox and XTM appliances allows an authenticated remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code by initiating a firmware update with a malicious upgrade image. This vulnerability impacts Fireware OS before 12.7.2_U2, 12.x before 12.1.3_U8, and 12.2.x through 12.5.x before 12.5.9_U2.",
"id": "GHSA-mwrw-9hwj-mj59",
"modified": "2022-06-28T00:01:02Z",
"published": "2022-02-25T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/121.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/support/release-notes/fireware/12/en-US/EN_ReleaseNotes_Fireware_12_7_2/index.html#Fireware/en-US/resolved_issues.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWV4-686J-F844
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:25Out-of-bounds Write in BuildOemSecureSimLockResponse of libsec-ril prior to SMR Jul-2023 Release 1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T03:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds Write in BuildOemSecureSimLockResponse of libsec-ril prior to SMR Jul-2023 Release 1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-mwv4-686j-f844",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:25:25Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T03:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWVG-G633-QQCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-24 18:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Tenda W15E 15.11.0.14. Affected is the function formQOSRuleDel. The manipulation of the argument qosIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-261864. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4121"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-24T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Tenda W15E 15.11.0.14. Affected is the function formQOSRuleDel. The manipulation of the argument qosIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-261864. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-mwvg-g633-qqcv",
"modified": "2024-04-24T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-04-24T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/W15Ev1.0/formQOSRuleDel.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.261864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.261864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.317826"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWVR-CXM3-4RFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 18:30Memory corruption due to buffer copy without checking size of input while running memory sharing tests with large scattered memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33232"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption due to buffer copy without checking size of input while running memory sharing tests with large scattered memory.",
"id": "GHSA-mwvr-cxm3-4rfx",
"modified": "2023-02-21T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/february-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWVX-VXH9-M86V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30Jensen of Scandinavia Eagle 1200AC V15.03.06.33_en was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey2 parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jensen of Scandinavia Eagle 1200AC V15.03.06.33_en was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey2 parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.",
"id": "GHSA-mwvx-vxh9-m86v",
"modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oxnan.com/posts/WifiBasic_wepkey2_DoS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://eagle.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jensen.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.