CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16873 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M5J8-PRG6-375J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-23 09:30 – Updated: 2026-09-23 09:30An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the PDF rendering process of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader due to insufficient consistency and boundary validation when processing malformed color space data, which may cause the program to crash and potentially lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-91794"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-23T08:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the PDF rendering process of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader due to insufficient consistency and boundary validation when processing malformed color space data, which may cause the program to crash and potentially lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m5j8-prg6-375j",
"modified": "2026-09-23T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-09-23T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5MV-9GVP-XVX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-11 21:31A remote code execution security issue exists in the Rockwell Automation Arena®. A crafted DOE file can force Arena Simulation to write beyond the boundaries of an allocated object. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as opening a malicious file within the software. If exploited, a threat actor could execute arbitrary code on the target system. The software must run under the context of the administrator in order to cause worse case impact. This is reflected in the Rockwell CVSS score, as AT:P.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T21:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote\ncode execution security issue exists in the Rockwell Automation\u00a0Arena\u00ae.\u00a0\u00a0A crafted DOE\nfile can force Arena Simulation to write beyond the boundaries of an allocated\nobject. Exploitation\nrequires user interaction, such as opening a malicious file within the software.\nIf exploited, a threat actor could execute arbitrary code on the target system.\nThe software must run under the context of the administrator in order to cause\nworse case impact. This is reflected in the Rockwell CVSS score, as AT:P.",
"id": "GHSA-m5mv-9gvp-xvx4",
"modified": "2025-07-11T21:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-07-09T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1729.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5MW-GF4C-PWC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-18 15:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: wwan: t7xx: fix potential skb->frags overflow in RX path
When receiving data in the DPMAIF RX path, the t7xx_dpmaif_set_frag_to_skb() function adds page fragments to an skb without checking if the number of fragments has exceeded MAX_SKB_FRAGS. This could lead to a buffer overflow in skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[] array, corrupting adjacent memory and potentially causing kernel crashes or other undefined behavior.
This issue was identified through static code analysis by comparing with a similar vulnerability fixed in the mt76 driver commit b102f0c522cf ("mt76: fix array overflow on receiving too many fragments for a packet").
The vulnerability could be triggered if the modem firmware sends packets with excessive fragments. While under normal protocol conditions (MTU 3080 bytes, BAT buffer 3584 bytes), a single packet should not require additional fragments, the kernel should not blindly trust firmware behavior. Malicious, buggy, or compromised firmware could potentially craft packets with more fragments than the kernel expects.
Fix this by adding a bounds check before calling skb_add_rx_frag() to ensure nr_frags does not exceed MAX_SKB_FRAGS.
The check must be performed before unmapping to avoid a page leak and double DMA unmap during device teardown.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23172"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-401",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-14T16:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: wwan: t7xx: fix potential skb-\u003efrags overflow in RX path\n\nWhen receiving data in the DPMAIF RX path,\nthe t7xx_dpmaif_set_frag_to_skb() function adds\npage fragments to an skb without checking if the number of\nfragments has exceeded MAX_SKB_FRAGS. This could lead to a buffer overflow\nin skb_shinfo(skb)-\u003efrags[] array, corrupting adjacent memory and\npotentially causing kernel crashes or other undefined behavior.\n\nThis issue was identified through static code analysis by comparing with a\nsimilar vulnerability fixed in the mt76 driver commit b102f0c522cf (\"mt76:\nfix array overflow on receiving too many fragments for a packet\").\n\nThe vulnerability could be triggered if the modem firmware sends packets\nwith excessive fragments. While under normal protocol conditions (MTU 3080\nbytes, BAT buffer 3584 bytes),\na single packet should not require additional\nfragments, the kernel should not blindly trust firmware behavior.\nMalicious, buggy, or compromised firmware could potentially craft packets\nwith more fragments than the kernel expects.\n\nFix this by adding a bounds check before calling skb_add_rx_frag() to\nensure nr_frags does not exceed MAX_SKB_FRAGS.\n\nThe check must be performed before unmapping to avoid a page leak\nand double DMA unmap during device teardown.",
"id": "GHSA-m5mw-gf4c-pwc3",
"modified": "2026-03-18T15:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-02-14T18:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a0522f564acd34442652ea083091c329fa7c5d5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c0fb0f60bc1545c52da61bc6bd4855c1e7814ba"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af4b8577d0b388cc3d0039eb0cdd9ca5bbbc9276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0813bcd2d9d97fdbdf2efb9532ab03ae92e99e6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9747a7521a48afded5bff2faf1f2dcfff48c577"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5MX-7F32-MH68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This affects the function Downloads_Schedule_Info of the file /cgi-bin/download_mgr.cgi. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This affects the function Downloads_Schedule_Info of the file /cgi-bin/download_mgr.cgi. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-m5mx-7f32-mh68",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_161/161.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5P3-48MH-XGPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-07-11 00:00A heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability exists FFmpeg 4.2 at libavfilter/vf_vmafmotion.c in convolution_y_8bit, which could let a remote malicious user cause a Denial of Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-22033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-27T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability exists FFmpeg 4.2 at libavfilter/vf_vmafmotion.c in convolution_y_8bit, which could let a remote malicious user cause a Denial of Service.",
"id": "GHSA-m5p3-48mh-xgph",
"modified": "2022-07-11T00:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-22033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/8246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4990"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5QP-6W9P-WXVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wrlPwd_5g parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wrlPwd_5g parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.",
"id": "GHSA-m5qp-6w9p-wxvm",
"modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/Vul12-A15-bof-WifiBasicSet-wrlPwd_5g-a8434999a032431bb4098933f71549e3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5VF-PFHQ-WC74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-05 00:00A malicious crafted file consumed through Moldflow Synergy, Moldflow Adviser, Moldflow Communicator, and Advanced Material Exchange applications could lead to memory corruption vulnerability. This vulnerability in conjunction with other vulnerabilities could lead to code execution in the context of the current process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-03T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A malicious crafted file consumed through Moldflow Synergy, Moldflow Adviser, Moldflow Communicator, and Advanced Material Exchange applications could lead to memory corruption vulnerability. This vulnerability in conjunction with other vulnerabilities could lead to code execution in the context of the current process.",
"id": "GHSA-m5vf-pfhq-wc74",
"modified": "2022-10-05T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-10-04T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2022-0019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5VW-F756-HHM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2023-03-01 18:30In Xpdf 4.01.01, a heap-based buffer overflow could be triggered in DCTStream::decodeImage() in Stream.cc when writing to frameBuf memory. It can, for example, be triggered by sending a crafted PDF document to the pdftotext tool. It allows an attacker to use a crafted pdf file to cause Denial of Service, an information leak, or possibly unspecified other impact.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Xpdf 4.01.01, a heap-based buffer overflow could be triggered in DCTStream::decodeImage() in Stream.cc when writing to frameBuf memory. It can, for example, be triggered by sending a crafted PDF document to the pdftotext tool. It allows an attacker to use a crafted pdf file to cause Denial of Service, an information leak, or possibly unspecified other impact.",
"id": "GHSA-m5vw-f756-hhm2",
"modified": "2023-03-01T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.xpdfreader.com/viewtopic.php?f=3\u0026t=41841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DJJD7X3ES7ZHJUY2R3DAVCJPV23R64VK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FWEWFUVITPA3Y6F4A5SJSROKYT7PRH7Q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TNIJWRYTCLGV35WGIHYTMMOPEEOOTIPT"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M5WP-J42J-266W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:19Heap buffer overflow in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 94.0.4606.81 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-02T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 94.0.4606.81 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-m5wp-j42j-266w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:19:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1236318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RNARCF5HEZK7GJXZRN5TQ45AQDCRM2WO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M5WR-H942-3686
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-02 03:30 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:32In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01338165; Issue ID: MSV-9660.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-02T03:17:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01338165; Issue ID: MSV-9660.",
"id": "GHSA-m5wr-h942-3686",
"modified": "2026-11-02T18:32:19Z",
"published": "2026-11-02T03:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/November-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.