CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16871 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JQ9M-23HF-JGFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 18:32 – Updated: 2024-12-05 21:31In procfile_write of drivers/misc/mediatek/connectivity/wlan/gen2/os/linux/gl_proc.c, there is a possible OOB write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In procfile_write of drivers/misc/mediatek/connectivity/wlan/gen2/os/linux/gl_proc.c, there is a possible OOB write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-jq9m-23hf-jgfg",
"modified": "2024-12-05T21:31:52Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T18:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQH6-7J55-5XX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2023-02-01 00:30fig2dev 3.2.7b contains a stack buffer overflow in the bezier_spline function in genepic.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21529"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "fig2dev 3.2.7b contains a stack buffer overflow in the bezier_spline function in genepic.c.",
"id": "GHSA-jqh6-7j55-5xx2",
"modified": "2023-02-01T00:30:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/10/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00044.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/mcj/tickets/65"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQJ4-FV9W-V953
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-14 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-15 00:02This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley View 10.15.0.75. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-14866.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley View 10.15.0.75. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-14866.",
"id": "GHSA-jqj4-fv9w-v953",
"modified": "2022-01-15T00:02:28Z",
"published": "2022-01-14T00:01:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/en/common-vulnerability-exposure/BE-2021-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1488"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JQJC-23Q2-72QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:57Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-4285, CVE-2016-6922, and CVE-2016-6924.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4274"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-09-14T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-4285, CVE-2016-6922, and CVE-2016-6924.",
"id": "GHSA-jqjc-23q2-72qc",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:57:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:57:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4274"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-29.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201610-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1865.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQM6-8GGX-R3WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-05 21:32When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub's hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem metadata to calculate the internal buffers size, however it misses to properly check for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculation to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function will write past of the internal buffer length. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub\u0027s hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem metadata to calculate the internal buffers size, however it misses to properly check for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculation to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function will write past of the internal buffer length. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub\u0027s internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.",
"id": "GHSA-jqm6-8ggx-r3ww",
"modified": "2025-03-05T21:32:07Z",
"published": "2025-03-03T15:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-1125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQMG-5JQP-94Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:48Heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in bootloader prior to SMR May-2023 Release 1 allows a physical attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-04T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in bootloader prior to SMR May-2023 Release 1 allows a physical attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-jqmg-5jqp-94q9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:48:25Z",
"published": "2023-05-04T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQMM-8MGC-X9FJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-30 03:30In rtt_unpack_xtlv_cbfn of dhd_rtt.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-254840211References: N/A
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21078"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In rtt_unpack_xtlv_cbfn of dhd_rtt.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-254840211References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-jqmm-8mgc-x9fj",
"modified": "2023-03-30T03:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-03-24T21:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQMX-W3FP-9J6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:15A vulnerability was found in the libtiff library. This security flaw causes a heap buffer overflow in extractContigSamples32bits, tiffcrop.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30775"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-19T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in the libtiff library. This security flaw causes a heap buffer overflow in extractContigSamples32bits, tiffcrop.c.",
"id": "GHSA-jqmx-w3fp-9j6j",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:15:17Z",
"published": "2023-05-19T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-30775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2187141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/issues/464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQQC-8VPC-2WJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-06 00:30 – Updated: 2025-04-24 15:30Buffer overflow in firmware lewei_cam binary version 2.0.10 in Force 1 Discovery Wifi U818A HD+ FPV Drone allows attacker to gain remote code execution as root user via a specially crafted UDP packet. Please update the Reference section to these links > http://thiscomputer.com/ > https://www.bostoncyber.org/ > https://medium.com/@meekworth/exploiting-the-lw9621-drone-camera-module-773f00081368
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-06T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in firmware lewei_cam binary version 2.0.10 in Force 1 Discovery Wifi U818A HD+ FPV Drone allows attacker to gain remote code execution as root user via a specially crafted UDP packet. Please update the Reference section to these links \u003e http://thiscomputer.com/ \u003e https://www.bostoncyber.org/ \u003e https://medium.com/@meekworth/exploiting-the-lw9621-drone-camera-module-773f00081368",
"id": "GHSA-jqqc-8vpc-2wjv",
"modified": "2025-04-24T15:30:43Z",
"published": "2022-12-06T00:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://1af95112-6fd8-4c8f-8bd6-c47f8ef7b77a.filesusr.com/ugd/c1f861_2bf7a43eda204c87ae7de972f4494590.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://1af95112-6fd8-4c8f-8bd6-c47f8ef7b77a.filesusr.com/ugd/c1f861_51eb0d33d5764efc93e9d5f19c306950.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40meekworth/exploiting-the-lw9621-drone-camera-module-773f00081368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@meekworth/exploiting-the-lw9621-drone-camera-module-773f00081368"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQQF-9279-R3QM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2025-12-03 00:30Tuxera NTFS-3G versions < 2021.8.22, when a specially crafted NTFS inode is loaded in the function ntfs_inode_real_open, a heap buffer overflow can occur allowing for code execution and escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tuxera NTFS-3G versions \u003c 2021.8.22, when a specially crafted NTFS inode is loaded in the function ntfs_inode_real_open, a heap buffer overflow can occur allowing for code execution and escalation of privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-jqqf-9279-r3qm",
"modified": "2025-12-03T00:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tuxera/ntfs-3g/security/advisories/GHSA-q759-8j5v-q5jp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00013.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/766ISTT3KCARKFUIQT7N6WV6T63XOKG3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HSEKTKHO5HFZHWZNJNBJZA56472KRUZI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/766ISTT3KCARKFUIQT7N6WV6T63XOKG3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HSEKTKHO5HFZHWZNJNBJZA56472KRUZI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202301-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ntfs-3g.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tuxera.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/08/30/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.